The phenomenon of spin-crossover has a large impact on the physical properties of a solid material, including its colour, magnetic moment, and electrical resistance. Some materials also show a ...structural phase change during the transition. Several practical applications of spin-crossover materials have been demonstrated including display and memory devices, electrical and electroluminescent devices, and MRI contrast agents. Switchable liquid crystals, nanoparticles, and thin films of spin-crossover materials have also been achieved. Spin-Crossover Materials: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensivesurvey of recent developments in spin-crossover research, highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of this rapidly expanding field. Following an introductory chapter which describes the spin-crossover phenomenon and historical development of the field, the book goes on to cover a wide range of topics including * Spin-crossover in mononuclear, polynuclear and polymeric complexes * Structure: function relationships in molecular spin-crossover materials * Charge-transfer-induced spin-transitions * Reversible spin-pairing in crystalline organic radicals * Spin-state switching in solution * Spin-crossover compounds in multifunctional switchable materials and nanotechnology * Physical and theoretical methods for studying spin-crossover materials Spin-Crossover Materials: Properties and Applications is a valuable resource for academic researchers working in the field of spin-crossover materials and topics related to crystal engineering, solid state chemistry and physics, and molecular materials. Postgraduate students will also find this book useful as a comprehensive introduction to the field.
This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. It presents the results of the ComBoNDT European project, which aimed at the development of more secure, time- and cost-saving extended ...non-destructive inspection tools for carbon fiber reinforced plastics, adhered surfaces and bonded joints. The book reports the optimal use of composite materials to allow weight savings, reduction in fuel consumptions, savings during production and higher cost efficiency for ground operations.
This open access book presents a thorough look at tortuosity and microstructure effects in porous materials. The book delivers a comprehensive review of the subject, summarizing all key results in ...the field with respect to the underlying theories, empirical data available in the literature, modern methodologies and calculation approaches, and quantitative relationships between microscopic and macroscopic properties. It thoroughly discusses up to 20 different types of tortuosity and introduces a new classification scheme and nomenclature based on direct geometric tortuosities, indirect physics-based tortuosities, and mixed tortuosities (geometric and physics-based). The book also covers recent progress in 3D imaging and image modeling for studying novel aspects of tortuosity and associated transport properties in materials, while providing a comprehensive list of available software packages for practitioners in the community. This book is a must-read for researchers and students in materials science and engineering interested in a deeper understanding of microstructure–property relationships in porous materials. For energy materials in particular, such as lithium-ion batteries, tortuosity is a key microstructural parameter that can greatly impact long-term material performance. Thus, the information laid out in this book will also greatly benefit researchers interested in computational modeling and design of next-generation materials, especially those for sustainability and energy applications.
This first book devoted to this hot field of science covers materials with bimodal, trimodal and multimodal pore size, with an emphasis on the successful design, synthesis and characterization of all ...kinds of hierarchically porous materials using different synthesis strategies. It details formation mechanisms related to different synthesis strategies while also introducing natural phenomena of hierarchy and perspectives of hierarchical science in polymers, physics, engineering, biology and life science. Examples are given to illustrate how to design an optimal hierarchically porous material for specific applications ranging from catalysis and separation to biomedicine, photonics, and energy conversion and storage. With individual chapters written by leading experts, this is the authoritative treatment, serving as an essential reference for researchers and beginners alike.
Hydrogels from different materials can be used in biomedical field as an innovative approach in regenerative medicine. Depending on the origin source, hydrogels can be synthetized through chemical ...and physical methods. Hydrogel can be characterized through several physical parameters, such as size, elastic modulus, swelling and degradation rate. Lately, research is focused on hydrogels derived from biologic materials. These hydrogels can be derived from protein polymers, such as collage, elastin, and polysaccharide polymers like glycosaminoglycans or alginate among others. Introduction of decellularized tissues into hydrogels synthesis displays several advantages compared to natural or synthetic based hydrogels. Preservation of natural molecules such as growth factors, glycans, bioactive cryptic peptides and natural proteins can promote cell growth, function, differentiation, angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, antimicrobial effects, and chemotactic effects. Versatility of hydrogels make possible multiple applications and combinations with several molecules on order to obtain the adequate characteristic for each scope. In this context, a lot of molecules such as cross link agents, drugs, grow factors or cells can be used. This review focuses on the recent progress of hydrogels synthesis and applications in order to classify the most recent and relevant matters in biomedical field.
This book gives the reader a summary of the theory behind magnetoelectric phenomena, later introducing magnetoelectric materials and structures and the techniques used to fabricate and characterize ...them. Part two of the book looks at magnetoelectric devices. Applications include magnetic and current sensors, transducers for energy harvesting, microwave and millimeter wave devices, miniature antennas and medical imaging. The final chapter discusses progress towards magnetoelectric memory.
Applications of Microwave Materials: A Review Raveendran, Athira; Sebastian, Mailadil Thomas; Raman, Sujith
Journal of electronic materials,
05/2019, Volume:
48, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The performance of microwave devices mainly depends on the properties of materials used in the fabrication. Knowledge of material properties at microwave frequencies is a prerequisite to select ...suitable materials for various microwave applications and vice versa. In this review, seven categories of materials and their applications in a microwave regime are elaborately discussed. The categories include magnetic materials, carbon-based materials, flexible or stretchable materials, biomaterials, phantoms, tunable materials and metamaterials. A brief overview of other important microwave materials such as low-loss ceramic dielectric materials, low-loss polymer ceramic composites, glass ceramics and multilayer ceramics is also given. The objective of this review is to expose the world of materials for wide microwave applications and thereby properly assisting the material selection for specific applications. Moreover, this review has dual significance. It helps material scientists to develop new materials and modify the properties of the available materials with respect to the application requirements. It also assists microwave engineers to select and use appropriate materials for different microwave applications.
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were first developed in 2012, and have become the desirable choice as energy harvesters in the research community worldwide. The popularity of TENGs is attributed ...to their low weight, low cost, high output, wide range of materials and device designs. TENGs have been explored for many applications including sensing, implantable power sources, healthcare, and biomedical applications. The performance of TENGs depends largely on the material since charge density (σ) is a material property. Moreover, 2D materials have been investigated as an alternative to the conventional metal electrodes. The dominance of polymers and metals in the traditional triboelectric series has lead researchers to explore novel materials to extend the applications and improve TENG output. This review article summarizes the progress in the development of frictional layers and electrode materials for TENGs. The mechanism for the output enhancement and device applications are discussed in detail. Finally, a perspective on the future and relevant challenges in material development for TENGs are discussed.
The development of materials for active triboelectric layers, electrodes, and their applications are systematically reviewed. The review focusses on the materials beyond the conventional triboelectric series, dominated by the polymers and a few metals. This review also outlines the challenges and future perspectives on the development of materials for triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG).
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