The study aimed to investigate the role of personality, thinking styles, and conspiracy mentality in health-related behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., recommended health behaviors ...according to COVID-19 guidelines and engagement in pseudoscientific practices related to COVID-19. Basic personality space was defined by the HEXACO model complemented by Disintegration, which represents psychotic-like experiences and behaviors reconceptualized as a personality trait. Mediation analyses conducted on a convenient sample from the general population recruited via social media and by snowballing (N = 417) showed that engagement in pseudoscientific behaviors was predicted by high Disintegration. However, this relationship was entirely mediated by high experiential and low rational thinking styles. Adherence to health practices recommended by COVID-19 guidelines was predicted by high Honesty traits, while low Disintegration had both direct and indirect effects through conspiracy mentality.
Our work investigates the influence of supervisor bottom-line mentality (SBLM) (i.e., a one-dimensional focus on bottom-line outcomes to the exclusion of other organizational priorities) on ...employees’ organizational commitment via the work-family interface as well as the crossover effects of SBLM on the organizational commitment of the employees’ spouse. More specifically, we examined how SBLM contributes to work-family conflict (WFC) and impacts the experienced commitment of the dyad along three paths. We conducted two studies across three samples (Study 1, Sample A: 186 employees; Study 1, Sample B: 258 employees; Study 2: 399 employee-spouse dyads) to demonstrate the unique role of SBLM in this context and find support for the hypothesized relationships. First, the resource drain of SBLM had a spillover effect through WFC to decrease the employee’s commitment at work. Second, it crossed over to the spouse to reduce their own organizational commitment due to the employee being a source of family undermining, which subsequently influenced the spouse’s family-work conflict (FWC). Third, SBLM impacted the spouse such that it crossed back to contribute to decreased organizational commitment for the employee. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed as well as directions for future research.
This study analyzes the effects of conspiracy beliefs on violent extremist intentions. More specifically, we investigate whether the relationship between conspiracy beliefs and violent extremism ...depends upon individual characteristics such as varying levels of self-efficacy, self-control, and law-relevant morality. Variable interactions examine where conspiracy beliefs exert strong effects on violent extremist intentions. The analysis is based on a German nationally representative survey (N = 1502). To our knowledge, it is the first and only nationally representative survey carried out in violent extremism research.
Our results confirm that a stronger conspiracy mentality leads to increased violent extremist intentions. However, this relationship is contingent on several individual differences. The effects are much stronger for individuals exhibiting lower self-control, holding a weaker law-relevant morality, and scoring higher in self-efficacy. Conversely, when stronger conspiracy beliefs are held in combination with high self-control and a strong law-relevant morality, violent extremist intentions are lower. Such individual features thus constitute interactive protective factors for violent extremism. These results have important implications for practice in the area of violent extremism risk assessment and management. Conceptually, the results demonstrate the need to further elaborate the conditional effects of certain risk as well as protective factors for violent extremism.
This article aims to investigate how santri understood the concept of ‘uzlah in Pesantren and how they participated in ‘uzlah activities to enhance their mentality and spirituality. ‘Uzlah is a form ...of self-isolation and an effort to detach from everything dealing with the world. Its purpose is to get closer to Allah. The research applied Al – Ghazali framework theory to describe and elaborate students’ uzlah practice. The type of the research was qualitative applying phenomenology approach. The data collection technique were observation and focus group discussion for students to investigate their understanding on ‘uzlah practice. The data analysis process applied flow models as the followings: data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The research found that the santri understood concept of ‘uzlah as the way to perform activity and a treatment that position themselves to live with the Sufi attitude without ignoring their role as a member of society. Through the activity of ‘uzlah, santri’s spirituality and mentality were built as a form of integrity between religious activity and their factual life pattern in the society.
Although an increasing volume of research has identified several negative sociopolitical attitudes as correlates of conspiracy theories, to date it remains unclear whether belief in conspiracy ...theories is necessarily in conflict with support for democratic governance. In this contribution, we integrate previous findings suggesting inconsistent relationships between belief in conspiracy theories and support for democratic governance. Study 1 (N = 300) shows that belief in conspiracy theories is associated with decreased support for representative democracy but increased support for direct democracy. Study 2 (N = 270) replicated these findings and revealed that these relationships were mediated by political cynicism and feelings of powerlessness. In Study 3 (N = 298), we experimentally show that a system with direct democracy (as compared with representative democracy) empowered participants and therefore decreased belief in conspiracy theories. Contrary to the common notion that conspiracy theories are associated with decreased support for democracy, these findings suggest that conspiracy beliefs are associated with a preference for direct over representative democracy.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is predominantly demonstrated as a panacea for employees. However, this study attempts to challenge common sense and focuses on the conditions under which CSR is ...related to disgust, subsequently resulting in employee turnover intentions. Drawing on the appraisal theory of disgust, we develop a conditional indirect effects model and propose that employee Machiavellianism and supervisor bottom-line mentality weaken the negative impact of CSR on turnover intention through disgust due to appraisals of violation to moral values. General support for the theoretical model is obtained from three studies, a scenario-based experiment, a laboratory experiment with facial expression analysis technology, and a multi-wave field study. Findings extend relevant literature and provide theoretical evidence for CSR practice.
•Employees of highly Machiavellianism react negatively to CSR policy in the workplace.•Employees react negatively to CSR policy when their supervisors hold bottom-lined mentalities.•Negative reactions from employees are performed as disgust emotions and turnover intentions.•Employee's disgust emotion is positively related to turnover intention.
The subject of the article is the political values of the youth of Russia and Europe. The purpose of our study is to identify the political values of the Youth of Russia and Europe and conduct a ...comparative analysis based on the methodology of comparative analysis. Four hypotheses are tested that suggest the values of young people, regardless of the region or country of residence, are common, despite the differences in forms of government, political culture, living standards and traditions of the respondents. The main research tasks were: 1. Identification of common value orientations of modern youth studying at universities. 2. Determination of the type of cultural mentality (according to the methodology of Russian American sociologist Pitirim Sorokin) of the youth of Russia and European countries included in the sample. 3. Determining the place of politics and the opportunity to participate in policymaking in the system of values of today's youth. 4. Identification of attitudes (loyalty / acceptance / non-acceptance) to modern democratic values, as well as identification of the preferred form of political governance among young people. 5. Determination of the desired type of taxation. 6. Establishing the relationship between political values and quality of life. 7. Determining the understanding of the components of happiness (wellbeing) and the meaning of life of modern youth. 8. Diagnosis of the degree of involvement in politics/apathy of today's youth. The main results , scope of application. Study made it possible to introduce into contemporary science a new term "integral model of values" – an interconnected set of several life values of a person, each of which describes individual components of values, to form a complete and comprehensive idea of the value system of certain social groups. Empirical study made it possible to identify the basic components of the integral model of values of modern youth in Russia and Europe in a comparative aspect. Under the integral model of values, authors mean an interconnected set of several private value models of a person (mentality, basic human and social values, life satisfaction and a subjective feeling of happiness, political views and actions, cultural values, etc.), each of which describes individual components of values, and all together they form a complete and comprehensive idea of the value system of certain social groups. In the structure of the integral model of youth values, authors included: mentality, political values, political mobility and a system of universal values. In accordance with this structure, we present the results of our study. Conclusions . Authors not only managed to identify the already established values and, on the basis of them, draw up an integration model of the values of the youth of Russia and Europe through their comparison, but also to determine the needs of today's youth for certain values.
Employee unethical behavior continues to be an area of interest as real-world business scandals persist. We investigate what happens after people engage in unethical behavior. Drawing from emotion ...theories (e.g., Tangney & Dearing, 2002) and the self-presentation literature (e.g., Leary & Miller, 2000), we first argue that people are socialized to experience shame after moral violations (Hypothesis 1). People then manage their shame and try to protect their self-images by engaging in exemplification behaviors (i.e., self-sacrificial behaviors that give the attribution of being a dedicated person; Hypothesis 2). We also examine the moderating role of supervisor bottom-line mentality (BLM; i.e., a supervisor's singular focus on pursuing bottom-line outcomes) in relation to our theoretical model. We argue that high supervisor BLM intensifies the employee unethical behavior to shame relationship (Hypothesis 3) and results in heightened exemplification as a way to protect one's self-image by portraying the self as a dedicated person who is worthy of association (Hypothesis 4). We test our theoretical model across 2 experimental studies and 2 field studies. Although our results provide general support for Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3, our results produced mixed findings for Hypothesis 4. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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