В статье представлены полевые наблюдения автора 2013–2018 гг. в трех тундрах — на Чукотке, Ямале и Кольском полуострове среди чукчей, ненцев, саамов и коми-ижемцев. Отмечается, что кочевые технологии ...оленеводов в их сложности и многомерности, от пространственно-временного дизайна кочевий до полифункциональности вещей, обеспечивают мобильность в экстремальных условиях Арктики. Кочевая традиция содержит в себе целый набор концептов (или принципов), включая слитное пространство-время, которые, с одной стороны, предельно практичны, с другой — заслуживают теоретической проекции. В отличие от оседлой картины мира, где пространство и время разделены, в ментальности кочевника они нерасчленимы. Как время движется (кочует) по пространству — у каждого месяца есть свои пространственные отметки — так и пространство не существует вне времени. Если в оседлой ментальности пространство и время воспринимаются как объективные измерения человеческой жизни, то кочевое пространство-время субъективно и не движется без человека. Ценностные установки кочевников обозначают преимущества динамики над статикой, активности над пассивностью, маневра над ожиданием. Арктическая номадология вносит вклад в общую теорию движения/мобильности, которая может создать в гуманитарных науках эффект, сопоставимый с воздействием теории относительности на классическую физику.
Hero and Fate in the Nibelungenlied Sarakaeva, Asia A.; Sarakaeva, Elina A.
Galaktika media: žurnal media issledovanij,
10/2020, Volume:
2, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Based on the material of the epic poem “Das Nibelungenlied” (The Lay of the Nibelungs) the article discusses the concepts of hero, heroism and fate which existed in the minds of medieval Europeans. ...This paper explores the relationship between these concepts. The authors postulate and prove the hypothesis that, in the framework of mentality under study, the measure of higher heroism was foresight and active acceptance of one’s fate. Fate, in turn, was revealed only to those heroes who were able to doom both themselves and the maximum number of other people to death. The authors show that Fate in the “Lay of the Nibelungs” is a constant, albeit secret, participant of the events; it interacts in complex ways with other participants. Fate directs the actions of the characters and is itself directed by them, revealing itself only to selected brave ones, to those who will be able to become its co-author, who, in accordance with its plans, will boldly go to death and lead others there too. Only such people can be considered heroes.
To reduce the impact of rating bias and popularity bias in recommender system, and make the recommender system reach a balance between recommendation utility and debias effect at the same time, we ...propose a bi-process debiasing recommendation model based on matrix factorization. Firstly, considering the problem that the user's ratings are affected by the herd mentality, which leads to a consistency between the rating and the selection of rating items, resulting in the power-law distribution, the k-times parabolic fuzzy distribution was used to fuse the user's age to redistribute the ratings. Secondly, the loss function is optimized by the continuously increasing flow and popularity of items. Finally, user emotion and item popularity are combined to construct user psychological tendency, which is divided into three levels: strong, medium and weak, and different levels are given different weights. To verify the performance of the model, the experimental results on real datasets show that the model proposed in this paper not only effectively reduces the recommendation bias but also ensures the recommendation utility.
BARRIERS IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN Lvovna Busygina, Alla; Petrovna Denisova, Oksana; Borisovna Shtrikova, Darya ...
Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews,
10/2019, Volume:
7, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Open access
Purpose: The current situation shows that women, in comparison with men, are a more vulnerable social group. Gender stereotypes lead to an underestimation of the abilities of women and their labor ...input.
Methodology: The paper analyzes two groups of gender stereotypes, which in fact represent barriers that impede the professional development of women in the Russian labor market. The authors established a level of agreement with the influence of barriers on female professional activity in two groups of respondents - women with or without professional experience.
Result: The authors identified and compared the leading barriers to female professional activities. In general, in the structure of the female professional mentality, there are certain personal stereotypes that, together with socially determined gender stereotypes, have a complex impact on unlocking the female employment potential.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of barriers in the professional development of women is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
On the basis of archival sources brought into scientific circulation for the first time, extracted from the fund of the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History, the issue of public perception ...of the social and material conditions of life in the 1950—1980s is highlighted in the article. The problem of establishing new social archetypes, the formation of which becomes possible in the context of the approval of the newly acquired value foundations of economic behavior, the acceptability of informal economic practices, as well as activities aimed at strengthening material wealth is raised. The circumstances of the metamorphosis in the ideological attitudes and stereotypes of thinking of representatives of the party nomenklatura, production managers, top managers, workers and rural workers are commented on. Attention is paid to the issue of traditions of communality, collectivism, Soviet labor ideology. The author describes the reaction of the authorities to changes in the world order, which are expressed in the transformation of ideological constructs and paternalistic mentality-forming constants of the consciousness of the Russian people. The author comes to the conclusion that during the 1950—1980s, changes in everyday social ideas and traditions, mentality, thinking testified to the growing social division, which ultimately became the basis of the crisis of the 1990s.
Learning from work failures is not only beneficial for individual development but also crucial for improving organizational performance and achieving sustainable development. We hypothesize that ...leader bottom-line mentality, which is commonly used by leaders to prevent profit and performance losses, may reduce subordinates learning from work failures. Drawing on social information processing theory, this paper examines how and when leader bottom-line mentality negatively affects subordinates learning from work failures. We tested our hypotheses through a three-wave survey of 245 employees from several high-tech companies in China. For data analysis, we used SPSS 26.0 and Mplus 8.0 to test the theoretical model and research hypotheses. The results indicated that leader bottom-line mentality has a negative indirect effect on subordinates learning from work failures through the mediating role of subordinates' psychological availability. In addition, subordinate self-compassion can mitigate this negative mediating mechanism. The present study has several theoretical and practical implications for the current literature.
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