Metaphor has recently been reconceptualised as a fundamental part of the human conceptual system. It can hence be expressed in language but also in other modalities and media of communication, ...including gesture and body language, sound and music, and film and visuals. In spite of this theoretical landslide, however, the wide range of nonverbal metaphor and its processing has neither been empirically investigated on the same scale nor with the same rigour as metaphor in language. The overarching goal of this book is to report on the findings of a research program aimed at exploiting the vast cognitive linguistic and psycholinguistic expertise on metaphor in language for a new, behaviourally founded approach to the structure and processes of metaphor in one of these nonverbal manifestations, namely static visuals.
Straipsnyje siekiama nagrinėti meninio tyrimo fenomeną platesniame skirtingu mokslu ir menu kontekste. Tuo tikslu pasitelkiamas episteminę perspektyvą leidžiantis pakeisti Pierre'o Bourdieu ...metodologinis principas „suegzotinti prijaukintą" (angl. exoticize the domes'tic), t. y. siūlymas tirti iprastus ir kasdienius dalykus taip, tarsi jie būtu svetimi ir keisti. Vietoj teoriniu argumentu „už" ir „prieš" menini tyrimą i pagalbą pasitelkiama metafora, kuri padeda prijaukintą paversti egzotišku. Vartojant egzistuojančias ornitologines metaforas, straipsnyje siekiama išryškinti tuos meninio tyrimo aspektus, kuriuos išskirti naudojant iprastus argumentus už ar prieš menini tyrimą nėra paprasta. Pagrindinis klausimas, i kuri siekiama atsakyti: kaip keičiasi meninio tyrimo suvokimas i ji žvelgiant kaip i ornitologinio pasaulio fenomeną?
Metaphor is a special linguistic phenomenon, challenging diverse natural language processing tasks. Previous works focused on either metaphor identification or domain-specific metaphor ...interpretation, e.g., interpreting metaphors with a specific part-of-speech, metaphors in a specific application scenario or metaphors with specific concepts. These methods cannot be used directly in everyday texts. In this paper, we propose a metaphor processing model, termed MetaPro, which integrates metaphor identification and interpretation modules for text pre-processing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first end-to-end metaphor processing approach in the present field. MetaPro can identify metaphors in a sentence on token-level, paraphrasing the identified metaphors into their literal counterparts, and explaining metaphoric multi-word expressions. It achieves state-of-the-art performance in the evaluation of sub-tasks. Besides, the model can be used as a text pre-processing method to support downstream tasks. We examine the utility of MetaPro text pre-processing on a news headline sentiment analysis task. The experimental results show that the performance of sentiment analysis classifiers can be improved with the pre-processed texts.
•MetaPro fuses metaphor detection and interpretation modules in an end-to-end system.•Both input and output of MetaPro are natural languages in English.•MetaPro yields positive outcomes in metaphor identification and interpretation.•The text pre-processing with MetaPro is supportive in sentiment analysis tasks.
It has been suggested that multilingualism can lead to increased cognitive flexibility and creativity. No studies to date, however, have investigated whether this advantage leads to a greater ...propensity to find meaning in different kinds of novel metaphors. This article reports a self-paced reading study that focuses on whether such an increased propensity is displayed by multilingual English speakers, as opposed to monolingual English speakers. The article explores the difference between two broad types of novelty in metaphorical expressions, which are distinguished by how readily they conform to existing metaphorical schemata. The results indicate that both monolinguals and multilinguals find novel metaphors that conform readily to an existing schema easier to comprehend those that do not. They also take longer to seek meaning in metaphors that conform readily to an existing schema. Multilinguals are more likely than monolinguals to find meaning in both types of novel metaphor. The theoretical distinction drawn between metaphors that conform readily to an existing schema and those that do not highlights the variability of meaning in novel metaphors. It also focuses attention on the different extents to which hearers seek rich meanings as opposed to less rich but more easily derived ones.
An encyclopedic dictionary along the lines of Voltaire’s classic Dictionnaire Philosophique, Metaphors of Mind provides an in-depth look at the myriad ways in which Enlightenment writers used figures ...of speech to characterize the mind. Drawn from Brad Pasanek’s massive online archive, http://metaphorized.net, this volume constitutes a veritable treasury of mental metaphorics.
Dividing the book into eleven broad metaphorical categories—Animals, Coinage, Court, Empire, Fetters, Impressions, Inhabitants, Metal, Mirror, Rooms, and Writing—Pasanek maps out constellations of metaphors. He frames his collection of literary excerpts in each section with a more descriptive and theoretical discussion of what he calls “desultory reading,” a form of unsystematic perusal of writing frequently employed by Enlightenment thinkers. By surveying the printed past alongside the digital present, the book treats eighteenth-century writing as its topic while essentially exemplifying its rhetorical approach.
More than an exercise in quotation, this intellectual history offers illuminating readings of fragmentary literary works and confrontations with neoclassical and contemporary theories of metaphor. The book’s entries complicate received ideas about Locke’s blank slate, question M. H. Abrams’ claims about mirrors and lamps, and chart changing frequencies of metal metaphors in a moment of industrial revolution. The book also responds to current anxieties about reading and the mass digitization of literature, touching on recent discussions of “distant reading,” “shallow reading,” and “surface reading.” Promoting critical and creative anachronism, Metaphors of Mind redefines the notion of an archive in the age of Amazon and Google Books.
This book develops a transdisciplinary perspective at the interface between a linguistic study of metaphor focused on language use and a theory of audio-visual media as moving images rooted in film ...studies. Detailed analyses of different film formats – from Hollywood movies to political reportage – show how metaphorization is a filmic type of thinking structured by the performativity of audio-visual images.
Research on (verbo-)pictorial metaphors and other rhetorical figures is primarily focused on the genre of advertising, leaving other genres under-investigated. In this study, the authors focus on ...street art, a visually perceived cross-cultural medium used to address sociopolitical issues. This genre typically combines two interacting semiotic systems – language and depiction – and is thus a form of polysemiotic communication. Their analysis is based on a corpus of 50 street artworks addressing the financial, sociopolitical and migrant/refugee crisis in the city of Athens (2015–2017). They present a data-driven procedure for the identification and interpretation of metaphors and other rhetorical figures in street art, informed by cognitive linguistic and semiotic models.
Quantitative analyses show that their models can be reliably applied to street art and can enable them to distinguish metaphors from other rhetorical figures within these images. At the same time, qualitative analyses show that this genre usually requires the integration of conceptual, contextual, socio-cultural and linguistic knowledge in order to achieve successful interpretation of these images. The authors discuss their findings within the theoretical framework of cognitive semiotics.
Aggressive behavior among adolescents has been identified as a serious worldwide problem, especially when combined with trait impulsivity. This study investigates the impact of an overlooked aspect ...of language, namely, metaphor comprehension, on impulsivity and aggression in adolescents. A total of 204 adolescents completed self-reported questionnaires assessing impulsivity and aggression and underwent tests assessing familiar and less familiar metaphor comprehension. The findings reveal inverse relationships between metaphor comprehension and both impulsivity and aggression. Regarding aggression, notable distinctions were observed in the correlations between familiar and less familiar metaphors with specific aggression types. Additionally, impulsivity was found to mediate the relationship between the comprehension of familiar metaphors and aggression. These results are elucidated in the context of cognitive and executive functions, emphasizing the significance of considering metaphor comprehension as a cognitive process capable of modulating aggressive behavior.
The aim of this study was to investigate the process of metaphor comprehension in three different conditions of metaphor-prime, literal-prime, and no-prime. To achieve this objective, three ...experiments were conducted. In the metaphor-prime condition, each metaphor was preceded by a homo-schematic metaphor prime. In the literal-prime condition, each metaphor was preceded by a literal prime that provided some information about literal meanings of topic and vehicle of the following metaphor. In the no-prime condition, each metaphor was preceded by no stimulus. In each condition, a group of 20 participants made judgment on the sensibility of 15 metaphors. In Experiment 1, sensibility judgments in the literal-prime and metaphor-prime conditions were compared with each other. In Experiment 2, sensibility judgments in the no-prime and metaphor-prime conditions were compared with each other. In Experiment 3, sensibility judgments in the no-prime and literal-prime conditions were compared with each other. The obtained results indicated that in the metaphor-prime condition, metaphors were judged to have the highest degree of sensibility, and participants were faster in making sensibility judgments. On the other hand, in the literal-prime condition, metaphors were judged to have the lowest degree of sensibility. Therefore, it is suggested that the understanding of a homo-schematic metaphor prime activates an abstract schema. The activation of this schema prepares the ground for the understanding of the following metaphor. When a metaphor prime and its following metaphor share the same schema, the comprehender does not need to re-activate this schema to understand the following metaphor, as this schema has already been activated by metaphor prime.
PDF
