Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of isoflavone daidzein supplementation to sows diet during late gestation on ...body weight, morphological and histological characteristics of m. semitendinosus in newborn piglets and slaughter pigs. Also, the influence of litter size on these characteristics in newborn piglets and slaughter pigs, and the influence of gender in slaughter pigs were investigated. The investigation was conducted in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, sows were fed standard feed which included soy meal. Sows from experimental group were supplemented with 8 mg of synthetic daidzein per kg of feed and day. In Experiment 2, feed of sows did not contain soy, and experimental group of sows was supplemented with 1mg of synthetic daidzein per kg of body weight. The obtained results showed that daidzein supplementation did not influence the increase of body weight and morphological characteristics of m. semitendinosus, neither in newborn piglets nor in slaughter pigs. Treatment of sows with daidzein during late gestation had a minor, but not statistically significant influence on m. semitendinosus structure in newborn piglets, expressed as an increase of total muscle fiber number, number of primary fibers and secondary:primary ratio. Litter size, through its inverse relationship with birth weight, had significant influence on m. semitendinosus structure in newborn piglets. Small littter piglets had significantly higher total number of muscle fibers, number of primary and number of secondary fibers. Daidzein supplementation to sows did not influence muscle fiber type distribution and area of STO, FTO and FTG fibers in progeny at slaughter in Experiment 1. Conversely, in Experiment 2, daidzein supplementation to sows caused significant decrease of FTO percentage (for 3,5%) and increase of FTG percentage (for 5%). Number of nuclei per muscle fiber was not changed in slaughter pigs under daidzein treatment. It was found that number of nuclei per muscle fiber tends to decrease with decrease of muscle fiber cross sectional area. The influence of gender as the only factor, or in interaction with treatment, was detected for body weight, morphological characterisctics of m. semitendinosus, total number of muscle fibers and fiber type distribution in muscle of slaughter pigs. Finally, the results of this PhD thesis point at marginal influence of daidzein supplementation to sows diet during late gestation on postnatal growth and structure of m semitendinosus in the offspring. Further investigations with different concentrations of daidzein, and different timing of their supplementation to sows should be conducted with the aim to obtain better knowledge on influence of this isoflavone on skeletal muscle structure in the offspring.- Cilj rada je bio da se ispitaju efekti dodavanja izoflavona daidzeina u hranu suprasnih krmača tokom kasne faze suprasnosti, na porast telesne mase, morfološke i mikroskopske osobine mišića m semitendinosus, kod novorđene prasadi i tovljenika na kraju tova. Takođe, ispitivan je uticaj veličine legla na ove osobine kako kod prasadi tako i kod tovljenika, i uticaj pola kod životinja na kraju tova. Disertacija je sprovedena u dva zasebna eksperimenta. U Eksperimentu 1, krmače su hranjene smešom u koju je bila uključena sojina sačma, a krmače iz ogledne grupe su od 85-og dana suprasnosti dobijale sintetički daidzein u količini 8 mg/kg hraniva. U Eksperimentu 2, krmače su hranjene smešom koja nije sadržala soju, a ogledna grupa je od 85-og dana suprasnosti dobijala u hrani sintetički daidzein u količini 1 mg/kg telesne mase. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da nije došlo do statistički značajnog uticaja daidzeina na povećanje postnatalnog porasta telesne mase i morfoloških osobina mišića m. semitendinosus, kako kod novorođene prasadi tako ni kod tovljenika na kraju tova. Tretman krmača daidzeinom, u toku kasne faze suprasnosti, imao je mali ali ne statistički značajan uticaj na strukturu mišića m. semitendinosus, kod novorođene prasadi, izražen kroz povećanje ukupnog broja vlakana, broj primarnih vlakana i odnos sekundarna:primarna vlakna. Veličina legla, kroz inverzan odnos sa masom prasadi pri rođenju, imala je značajan uticaj na strukturu mišića m semitendinosus, kod prasadi. Tako su prasad iz malih legala imala statistički značajno veći ukupan broj mišićnih vlakana kao i broj primarnih i sekundarnih vlakana. Kod tovljenika iz Eksperimenta 1, nije ispoljena značajna promena broja, procentualne zastupljenosti i površine STO, FTO i FTG vlakana, pod uticajem daidzeina. Nasuprot tome, kod tovljenika iz Eksperimenta 2 (krmače hranjene obrocima bez soje), dodavanje daidzeina je dovelo do smanjenja % FTO (za 3,5%) a povećanja % udela FTG vlakana (za 5%). Prosečan broj jedara po jednom mišićnom vlaknu, kod tovljenika, nije bio promenjen pod uticajem daidzeina. Konstatovan je trend smanjenja broja jedara sa smanjenjem površine vlakna. Pol ispitivan kod tovljenika kao jedini faktor, ili u interakciji sa tretmanom, ispoljio je uticaj na telesnu masu, morfološke osobine m. semitendinosus, ukupan broj vlakana i zastupljenost pojedinih tipova vlakana u mišiću. Konačno, rezultati ove doktorske disertacije ukazali su na marginalni uticaj dodavanja daidzeina u hranu krmača tokom kasne faze suprasnosti, na postanatalni rast i strukturu mišića m semitendinosus kod potomaka, i ukazali na potrebu daljih istraživanja u pravcu ispitivanja efekata drugih koncentracija i vremena dodavanja ovog jedinjenja suprasnim krmačama na mišićno tkivo potomstva.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Postaktivacijska potencijacija (PAP) se odnosi na svojstvo mišića koje se ogleda u akutnom povećanju mišićne jakosti kao rezultata ...prethodnih aktivnosti. Do sada ne postoji objavljena studija koja je imala za cilj ustanoviti akutne promjene kontraktilnih parametara jedne glave mišića, nastale uslijed PAP učinaka. Temeljni cilj ovog rada jest ustanoviti promjene kontraktilnih odgovora mišićā vastus medialis (VM) i vastus lateralis (VL) na jedan električni impuls (eng. twitch) nastale uslijed PAP učinka transverzalno, mjerenog TMG-om, i longitudinalno, mjerenog izometrijskim dinamometrom. Drugi cilj studije bio je usporediti rezultate, zabilježene pomoću ove dvije metode, te ustanoviti koja metoda daje bolji uvid u kontraktilne parametre ovih dvaju mišića. Treći cilj je ustanoviti povezanost veličine PAP učinaka i udjela brzokontraktilnih mišićnih vlakana u dva testirana mišića. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 15 zdravih ispitanika (6M, 9Ž) bez zabilježenih povreda donjih ekstremiteta i s minimalno jednom godinom iskustva u treningu s vanjskim opterećenjem. Nakon dinamičkog zagrijavanja i petnaestominutnog odmora ispitanici su podvrgnuti inicijalnom testiranju. Nakon aktivacijskog podražaja (AP) koji je podrazumijevao pet petosekundnih maksimalnih voljnih izometrijskih kontrakcija, kontraktilni parametri VM i VL su mjereni longitudinalno i transverzalno u 7 post-AP vremenskih točki. Statistički značajni akutni učinci su primijećeni u svim varijablama kod VL. Učinci mjereni longitudinalnim i transverzalnim testiranjem su se također razlikovali. Transverzalno testiranje je pokazalo veću razinu osjetljivosti na PAP učinke. Statistički značajna povezanost između veličine PAP učinaka i izračunatog udjela brzokontraktilnih mišićnih vlakana je primijećena kod VM ali ne i kod VL. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da: 1) serija maksimalnih voljnih izometrijskih kontrakcija rezultira statistički značajnim PAP učincima na kontraktilne parametre koji su mjerljivi transverzalno, ali i longitudinalno, 2) transverzalni kontraktilni parametri daju uvid u više intrinzična svojstva mišića i 3) razina PAP-a je u direktnoj vezi sa stupnjem udjela brzokontraktilnih mišićnih vlakana kod VM, ali ne i kod VL.- Post-activation potentiation (PAP) refers to an acute increase in muscular strength as a result of previous activities. So far there are no published studies, which aimed to determine acute changes in contractile parameters of a single muscle caused by PAP effects. The primary aim of this paper was to determine PAP caused changes in m.vastus medialis (VM) and m.vastus lateralis (VL) longitudinal and transversal contractile parameters measured by a dynamometer and Tensiomyography (TMG), respectively. The second objective of this study was to compare the results of these two methods and to find out which method gives a better insight into the contractile parameters of these two muscles. The third objective was to establish the correlation between the PAP effect size and the proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers in two tested muscles. 15 healthy subjects (6M, 9F) with no record of injuries in the lower extremities and with a minimum ofone-year experience in resistance training participated in this study. After a dynamic warm-up and a fifteen-minute break, subjects were subjected to initial testing. After the activation stimulus, which consisted of five maximum voluntary isometric contractions, VM and VL contractile parameters were measured longitudinally and transversally in 7 postPAP time points. Statistically significant acute effects were observed in all VL variables. Effects measured by longitudinal and transverse testing also differed. Transverse testing has shown a higher level of sensitivity to PAP effects. Statistically significant correlation between the PAP effect size and the calculated fast-twitch fibers proportion was observed in VM but not in VL. The results obtained indicate that: 1) a series of maximal voluntary isometric contractions results in statistically significant PAP effects on contractile parameters, measurable transversally and longitudinally, 2) transverse contractile parameters provide insight into intrinsic muscle properties and 3) PAP level is directly correlated with the degree of the proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers in VM, but not in VL.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
