Distinct functions mediated by members of the monopolar spindle-one-binder (MOB) family of proteins remain elusive beyond the evolutionarily conserved and well-established roles of MOB1 (MOB1A/B) in ...regulating tissue homeostasis within the Hippo pathway. Since MOB proteins are adaptors, understanding how they engage in protein–protein interactions and help assemble complexes is essential to define the full scope of their biological functions. To address this, we undertook a proximity-dependent biotin identification approach to define the interactomes of all seven human MOB proteins in HeLa and human embryonic kidney 293 cell lines. We uncovered >200 interactions, of which at least 70% are unreported on BioGrid. The generated dataset reliably recalled the bona fide interactors of the well-studied MOBs. We further defined the common and differential interactome between different MOBs on a subfamily and an individual level. We discovered a unique association between MOB3C and 7 of 10 protein subunits of the RNase P complex, an endonuclease that catalyzes tRNA 5′ maturation. As a proof of principle for the robustness of the generated dataset, we validated the specific interaction of MOB3C with catalytically active RNase P by using affinity purification–mass spectrometry and pre-tRNA cleavage assays of MOB3C pulldowns. In summary, our data provide novel insights into the biology of MOB proteins and reveal the first interactors of MOB3C, components of the RNase P complex, and hence an exciting nexus with RNA biology.
MOBscan: Automated Annotation of MOB Relaxases Garcillán-Barcia, M Pilar; Redondo-Salvo, Santiago; Vielva, Luis ...
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.),
2020, Volume:
2075
Journal Article
Relaxase-based plasmid classification has become popular in the past 10 years. Nevertheless, it is not obvious how to assign a query protein to a relaxase MOB family. Automated protein annotation is ...commonly used to classify them into families, gathering evolutionarily related proteins that likely perform the same function, while circumventing the problem of different naming conventions. Here, we implement an automated method, MOBscan, to identify relaxases and classify them into any of the nine MOB families. MOBscan is a web tool that carries out a HMMER search against a curated database of MOB profile Hidden Markov models. It is freely available at https://castillo.dicom.unican.es/mobscan/ .
The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of boron addition on the oxidation resistance of MoSi2. Powder mixtures of Mo–Si with stoichiometric ratio of 1:2 and 30Mo–47Si–23B (at.%) were ...used, respectively to produce MoSi2 and MoB/MoSi2. First powder mixtures were separately milled for 20h in an attritor ball mill. After degassing of as-mechanically alloyed powders at 450°C, the powders were pressed into cylindrical samples under a pressure of 600MPa. The final diameter of samples were 15mm. Compacted samples were sintered in tube resistance furnace using Ar controlled atmosphere. 30Mo–47Si–23B alloy with a MoB/MoSi2 two-phase structure and monolithic MoSi2 were obtained by sintering at 1300°C for 3h and 1100°C for 7h, respectively. The sintered alloys were subjected to high temperature continuous oxidation test at 1000°C. Microstructure of sintered alloys and as-mechanically alloyed powders, phase composition of sintered and oxidized samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that in 30Mo–47Si–23B alloy no pest disintegration is observed. The presence of boron acted as an effective barrier against oxygen diffusion during oxidation test of MoB/MoSi2 composite. Excellent oxidation resistance of MoB/MoSi2 composite was achieved through homogeneously distributed and fine grained microstructure and also very high relative density.
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•Homogeneous and ultra-fine powder mixtures were produced by mechanical alloying.•Pure MoSi2 was obtained by sintering as-milled Mo–67Si at 1100ºC for 7h.•MoB–MoSi2 was obtained by sintering as-milled Mo–47Si–23B at 1300°C for 3h.•MoB–MoSi2 had high oxidation resistance due to borosilicate protective scale.•Pest disintegration was eliminated by boron addition to MoSi2 (MoB–MoSi2 composite).
Increasing interest in the use of microbial metrics to evaluate soil health raises the issue of how fine-scale heterogeneity can affect microbial community measurements. Here we analyse bacterial and ...fungal communities of over 100 soil samples across 17 pasture farms and evaluate beta diversity at different scales. We find large variation in microbial communities between different points in the same field, and if Aitchison distance is used we find that within-field variation is as high as between-farm variation. However, if Bray-Curtis or Jaccard distance are used this variation is partially explained by differences in soil pH and vegetation and is higher under mob grazing for fungi. Hence, field scale variation in microbial communities can impact the evaluation of soil health.
•Understanding of field-scale variation in microbial communities currently limited.•Bacterial and fungal community across wide range of pasture farms analysed.•High heterogeneity in microbial community over short spatial scales found.•Bray-Curtis and Jaccard distance showed variation by soil pH and pasture management.•Aitchison distance showed within-field variation similar to between-farm variation.
We examined methane (CH₄) oxidation pathways and associated methanotrophic communities in the water column of Lake Kivu using abundance and isotopic compositions of CH₄ and phospholipid fatty acids ...(PLFA), distributions of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, and catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD–FISH) analysis. The carbon isotopic data of CH₄ indicate that aerobic CH₄ oxidation is the predominant pathway of microbial CH₄ consumption with an isotopic fractionation factor (α) of 1.022–1.038. A small amount of CH₄ is oxidized anaerobically, with an α of 1.002–1.006. Aerobic CH₄ oxidation is mediated by type II methane–oxidizing bacteria (type II MOB) based on the 13C depletion (δ
13C of −40.5‰ to −43.7‰) of diagnostic C18:1ω7 fatty acids in the surface waters. CARD–FISH images and PLFA components C16:1ω7 and C16:1ω5 indicate the presence of type I MOB in the methane and nutrient–rich deep–water region. 13C depletion of C16:1ω7 and C16:1ω5 (δ
13C, ∼ −40‰ to −50.6‰) in the lake water below 52 m suggests the involvement of type I MOB in methane oxidation in the anoxic deep–water regions of the lake. A novel cluster of anaerobic methane–oxidizing archaea (ANME) rather than the known ANME–1 and ANME–2 appear to be involved in anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM). Sulfate reducing bacteria are associated with AOM in the lake based on the 13C depletion (δ
13C, −38.2‰ to −45.0‰) of anteiso–methyl–C15:0 fatty acid. Methane constitutes an important carbon and energy source (up to 38%) for the heterotrophic and autotrophic communities in the lake.
The causes of violence in Ghana, lie in inequality, exclusion and exploitation brought by both internal and international factors. The emergence of new socio-economic disparities and global trends ...towards pluralisation and politicisation has brought with it violence which has the tendency to result in the instability of the state. Justice is a fundamental pre-requisite of peaceful societies. The lack of access to legal justice and hence the recourse to violent, extra-legal means to redress grievances or pursue political and economic power threatens human security and sustainable peace in Ghana. Injustice, whether real or perceived is a cause, symptom and consequence of conflict. Legal justice and the rule of law are the essential basis of governance and human security. The paper addresses the interlinked issues of peace, justice and human security in a holistic, integral and multi-disciplinary fashion to identify and understand both the factors that underpin peace and those that might cause violence. It uses the human security methodology to demonstrate that, educating the citizenry in the values of peace through peace education can help promote sustainable peace in Ghana. The aims of peace education as related to human security and justice which encompasses the preserve of social, economic and political justice which are essential to the notion of positive peace are also examined. The paper then concludes with recommendations on how to ensure sustainable peace in the Ghanaian society.
Background
Traditional research methods often involve a lengthy process, but the emergence of flash mobs as an innovative data collection method offers the potential to gather substantial data within ...a short time frame. Flash mobs draw inspiration from the concept of large groups organizing through the internet or mobile devices to perform a prearranged action in public. In healthcare research, flash mobs serve as research organizing method to investigate clinically relevant questions on a large scale within a limited period.
Aims
This study aims to present a study protocol for a scoping review that comprehensively maps the existing literature on the use of flash mobs as a data collection method in healthcare research.
Methods
The review will follow established guidelines and include steps such as identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, charting the data, and collating and summarizing the results. The review will utilize databases, manual screening of additional sources, and covidence for study selection and data charting. The findings will be summarized using descriptive statistics and a descriptive synthesis of qualitative data. The review protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework.
Results
The results of this scoping review will provide insights into different flash mob designs, motivations, and the data collection process, contributing to the development of high‐quality flash mob data collections in healthcare research.
Ultra-high-temperature ceramics are required for many aerospace applications. In this work, HfB
2
-30 vol.% HfC and HfB
2
-26 vol.% HfC-43 vol.% MoB high-density composites were prepared by one-step ...in-situ reactive spark plasma sintering (R-SPS) using Hf, B
4
C and Mo powders as starting materials. The influences of sintering temperature on the densification mechanism, microstructural evolution, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the composites were thoroughly investigated. The results demonstrate that the raw materials undergo a complete chemical reaction to form new binary HfB
2
-HfC and ternary HfB
2
-HfC-MoB composite structures at a temperature of 1300°C. The HfB
2
-HfC and HfB
2
-HfC-MoB composites prepared at the optimal conditions (pressure = 50 MPa, temperature = 1800°C, holding time = 5 min) had highre densities of 97% and 98%, respectively. The Vickers hardness, Young's modulus and fracture toughness of the HfB
2
-HfC composite were 18.3 GPa, 525 GPa and 6.34 MPa·m
1/2
, respectively. However, after molybdenum was added, the Vickers hardness of the ternary HfB
2
-HfC-MoB composite increased to 19.4 GPa but its fracture toughness decreased slightly to 6.1 MPa·m
1/2
. Compared with the binary composite, the ternary composite exhibited a low and thermally stable oxidation rate up to a temperature of 1400°C, and the test was conducted in air atmosphere.
Plasmids are genetic elements that enable rapid adaptation and evolution by transferring genes conferring selective advantages to their hosts. Conjugative plasmids are predominantly responsible for ...the global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, representing an important threat to global health. As the number of plasmid sequences grows exponentially, it becomes critical to depict the global diversity and decipher the distribution of circulating plasmids in the bacterial community. To this end, we created COMPASS, a novel and comprehensive database compiling 12,084 complete plasmids with associated metadata from 1571 distinct species isolated worldwide over more than 100 years. The curation of the database allowed us to identify identical plasmids across different bacteria revealing mainly intraspecies dissemination and rare cases of horizontal transmission. We outlined and analyzed all relevant features, plasmid properties, host range and characterized their replication and mobilization systems. After an exhaustive comparison of PlasmidFinder and MOB-typer, the MOB-typer-based analysis revealed that the current knowledge embedded in the current typing schemes fails to classify all the plasmid sequences collected in COMPASS. We were able to categorize 6828 and 5229 plasmids by replicon and MOB typing, respectively, mostly associated with
and
We then searched for the presence of multiple core genes involved in replication and propagation. Our results showed that 2403 plasmids carried multiple replicons that were distributed in 206 bacterial species. The co-integration of replicon types from different incompatibility (Inc) groups is an adaptive mechanism, which plays an important role in plasmid survival and dissemination by extending their host range. Our results highlight the crucial role of IncF alleles (present in 56% of all multireplicons) and revealed that IncH, IncR, and IncU replicons were also frequently carried in multireplicons. Here, we provided a comprehensive picture of the different IncF subtypes by identifying 20 different profiles in 849 IncF multireplicons, which were mostly associated with
. These results could provide the basis for a novel IncF plasmid nomenclature based on different allelic profiles.
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