Background
Traditional research methods often involve a lengthy process, but the emergence of flash mobs as an innovative data collection method offers the potential to gather substantial data within ...a short time frame. Flash mobs draw inspiration from the concept of large groups organizing through the internet or mobile devices to perform a prearranged action in public. In healthcare research, flash mobs serve as research organizing method to investigate clinically relevant questions on a large scale within a limited period.
Aims
This study aims to present a study protocol for a scoping review that comprehensively maps the existing literature on the use of flash mobs as a data collection method in healthcare research.
Methods
The review will follow established guidelines and include steps such as identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, charting the data, and collating and summarizing the results. The review will utilize databases, manual screening of additional sources, and covidence for study selection and data charting. The findings will be summarized using descriptive statistics and a descriptive synthesis of qualitative data. The review protocol has been registered with the Open Science Framework.
Results
The results of this scoping review will provide insights into different flash mob designs, motivations, and the data collection process, contributing to the development of high‐quality flash mob data collections in healthcare research.
Ultra-high-temperature ceramics are required for many aerospace applications. In this work, HfB
2
-30 vol.% HfC and HfB
2
-26 vol.% HfC-43 vol.% MoB high-density composites were prepared by one-step ...in-situ reactive spark plasma sintering (R-SPS) using Hf, B
4
C and Mo powders as starting materials. The influences of sintering temperature on the densification mechanism, microstructural evolution, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the composites were thoroughly investigated. The results demonstrate that the raw materials undergo a complete chemical reaction to form new binary HfB
2
-HfC and ternary HfB
2
-HfC-MoB composite structures at a temperature of 1300°C. The HfB
2
-HfC and HfB
2
-HfC-MoB composites prepared at the optimal conditions (pressure = 50 MPa, temperature = 1800°C, holding time = 5 min) had highre densities of 97% and 98%, respectively. The Vickers hardness, Young's modulus and fracture toughness of the HfB
2
-HfC composite were 18.3 GPa, 525 GPa and 6.34 MPa·m
1/2
, respectively. However, after molybdenum was added, the Vickers hardness of the ternary HfB
2
-HfC-MoB composite increased to 19.4 GPa but its fracture toughness decreased slightly to 6.1 MPa·m
1/2
. Compared with the binary composite, the ternary composite exhibited a low and thermally stable oxidation rate up to a temperature of 1400°C, and the test was conducted in air atmosphere.
Plasmids are genetic elements that enable rapid adaptation and evolution by transferring genes conferring selective advantages to their hosts. Conjugative plasmids are predominantly responsible for ...the global dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, representing an important threat to global health. As the number of plasmid sequences grows exponentially, it becomes critical to depict the global diversity and decipher the distribution of circulating plasmids in the bacterial community. To this end, we created COMPASS, a novel and comprehensive database compiling 12,084 complete plasmids with associated metadata from 1571 distinct species isolated worldwide over more than 100 years. The curation of the database allowed us to identify identical plasmids across different bacteria revealing mainly intraspecies dissemination and rare cases of horizontal transmission. We outlined and analyzed all relevant features, plasmid properties, host range and characterized their replication and mobilization systems. After an exhaustive comparison of PlasmidFinder and MOB-typer, the MOB-typer-based analysis revealed that the current knowledge embedded in the current typing schemes fails to classify all the plasmid sequences collected in COMPASS. We were able to categorize 6828 and 5229 plasmids by replicon and MOB typing, respectively, mostly associated with
and
We then searched for the presence of multiple core genes involved in replication and propagation. Our results showed that 2403 plasmids carried multiple replicons that were distributed in 206 bacterial species. The co-integration of replicon types from different incompatibility (Inc) groups is an adaptive mechanism, which plays an important role in plasmid survival and dissemination by extending their host range. Our results highlight the crucial role of IncF alleles (present in 56% of all multireplicons) and revealed that IncH, IncR, and IncU replicons were also frequently carried in multireplicons. Here, we provided a comprehensive picture of the different IncF subtypes by identifying 20 different profiles in 849 IncF multireplicons, which were mostly associated with
. These results could provide the basis for a novel IncF plasmid nomenclature based on different allelic profiles.
In the social psychology literature, crowds are classified as audiences and mobs. Audiences are passive crowds, whereas mobs are active crowds with emotional, irrational and seemingly homogeneous ...behavior. In this study, we aim to create a system that enables the specification of different crowd types ranging from audiences to mobs. In order to achieve this goal we parametrize the common properties of mobs to create collective misbehavior. Because mobs are characterized by emotionality, we describe a framework that associates psychological components with individual agents comprising a crowd and yields emergent behaviors in the crowd as a whole. To explore the effectiveness of our framework we demonstrate two scenarios simulating the behavior of distinct mob types.
. Various plasmid-mediated resistance genes have been reported in
, but little is known about their global distribution features, evolution pattern and spread.
. The potential mobilization mechanisms ...of resistance plasmids in
have been poorly explored.
. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and diversity of plasmid-mediated resistance genes among
isolates, and focus on the analysis of the features of the resistance plasmids from
.
. The plasmids tested were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform in conjunction with PCR and inverted PCR. The susceptibility of the host strains was determined by broth microdilution. The transfer of plasmids tested was conducted by electroporation. The sequence data were compared using bioinformatics tools and the data from our laboratory and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database.
. Nineteen plasmids were identified from our laboratory and these resistance plasmids were functional and transferable. Moreover, we clustered five types of genetic backbones of plasmids from
and revealed the global distribution features of the plasmid-mediated resistance genes.
. This is the first report of the coexistence of
(H)-bearing type I plasmid and
(C)-bearing type II plasmid in one
clinical isolate. In addition, this study provides the first view of the global distribution of plasmid-mediated resistance genes and classifies the plasmids in
according to their backbone regions.
In recent months, masses of Hong Kong citizens have taken part in a remarkable wave of protests, known as the Water Revolution. Ignited by the Hong Kong government's attempt to pass a bill that would ...have allowed extradition to mainland China, and later in response to numerous incidents of police brutality and human rights abuses, hundreds of thousands of protestors abruptly gathered in various parts of the city to rise up against the encroachment of the incumbent regime. Through novel uses of social media and mobile technology, they acted in concert to confront riot police in wildcat actions. In effect, they exhibit a contemporary type of smart mob, as digitally savvy citizens engage with each other in largely ad hoc and networked forms of pop-up protest. This profile illustrates both the continuity and changes in the recent development of a nascent smart mob in Hong Kong. It fleshes out how its protest repertoires and movement objectives have emerged and evolved vis-à-vis state suppression that has turned the global city of East Asia into a despotic police state. With a focus on changing contours, this profile brings to the fore the pragmatic and temporally emergent properties of the smart mob to consider the widespread and protracted movement in Hong Kong.
Methanotrophs are the main consumers of methane produced in lake sediments. In shallow lakes suffering from eutrophication, methanogenesis is accelerated by the excess organic carbon input, and thus ...methanotrophs play a key role in regulating this methane flux as well as carbon cycling. Here, we applied nucleic acid stable isotope probing (SIP) to investigate the active methanotrophic microbial community in sediments of several shallow lakes affected by eutrophication. Our results showed that an active methanotrophic community dominated by gamma-proteobacterial methanotrophs, as well as abundant beta-proteobacterial methanol-utilizers, was involved in methane-derived carbon assimilation. Crenothrix, a filamentous methanotroph, was found to be a key methane consumer in all studied lakes. The ecological role of Crenothrix in lacustrine ecosystems is so far poorly understood, with only limited information on its existence in the water column of stratified lakes. Our results provide a novel ecological insight into this group by revealing a wide distribution of Crenothrix in lake sediments. The active methane assimilation by Crenothrix also suggested that it might represent a so far overlooked but crucial biological sink of methane in shallow lakes.
Display omitted
•SIP studies identified active methanotrophs in shallow lake sediments.•Crenothrix sp. was identified as an active methane consumer in lake sediments.•The role of Crenothrix sp. in methane cycling was underestimated in previous studies.
A two-step pack cementation process including first boronizing and then co-depositing of Si-Al-Y with different Al contents (0, 5 and 10wt%) in the packs was used to deposit oxidation-resistant ...coatings on TZM alloy. The as-formed coatings are MoSi2/MoB, Mo(Si,Al)2/MoB, and Mo(Si,Al)2/Mo-Al-B/MoB layered coatings respectively. Compared with the MoSi2/MoB coating, the improved oxidation-resistant performance is presented in the Mo(Si,Al)2/MoB and Mo(Si,Al)2/Mo-Al-B/MoB coatings upon oxidation at 1250°C, which should be attributed to the sluggish inward diffusion of Si into substrate and forming dense scales composed of SiO2 and Al2O3. The microstructure change and oxidation behavior of these coatings are investigated.
•Mo(Si,Al)2/MoB layered coatings were prepared on TZM alloy.•Microstructures of the coatings containing different Al contents were studied.•The Al content in the coatings imposed a significant influence on their oxidation.•A sluggish inward diffusion of Si into substrate is observed in the coatings.
Methane is an important anthropogenic greenhouse gas that is produced and consumed in soils by microorganisms responding to micro-environmental conditions. Current estimates show that soil ...consumption accounts for 5-15% of methane removed from the atmosphere on an annual basis. Recent variability in atmospheric methane concentrations has called into question the reliability of estimates of methane consumption and calls for novel approaches in order to predict future atmospheric methane trends. This review synthesizes the environmental and climatic factors influencing the consumption of methane from the atmosphere by non-wetland, terrestrial soil microorganisms. In particular, we focus on published efforts to connect community composition and diversity of methane-cycling microbial communities to observed rates of methane flux. We find abundant evidence for direct connections between shifts in the methane-cycling microbial community, due to climate and environmental changes, and observed methane flux levels. These responses vary by ecosystem and associated vegetation type. This information will be useful in process-based models of ecosystem methane flux responses to shifts in environmental and climatic parameters.
Monolayer MoB is one of MBenes with a structure similar to graphene. Through first-principles calculations, we have investigated the adsorption characteristics of monolayer MoB for CO, NO, SO, SO2 ...gases. The results show that CO and NO tend to adsorb at the top of Mo, and SO and SO2 tend to adsorb at the top of B. The adsorption energies of all gas molecules are negative, with the smallest adsorption energy for SO. All gas molecules are charge acceptors, with SO2/MoB having the largest charge transfer value of 0.977 eV. According to the transition state theory, the shortest recovery time for monolayer MoB adsorbed CO molecule. This means that the process of CO adsorption by monolayer MoB is reversible and monolayer MoB has the potential to be used as a CO gas detection sensor. At room temperature, it is almost impossible for monolayer MoB to recover its initial state after adsorption of NO, SO and SO2. In addition, MoB has high sensitivity in detecting NO, SO and SO2 due to its low adsorption energy for NO, SO and SO2, and has the potential to be a sensitive irreversible detection sensor for detecting NO, SO and SO2.
•It was found that monolayer MoB has a larger adsorption energy for NO, SO, SO2 molecules.•MoB can be regenerated to its initial state after adsorption of CO molecules at room temperature.•It is almost impossible to regenerate MoB to its initial state after adsorption of NO, SO and SO2 molecules at room temperature.•Monolayer MoB has potential as a highly sensitive gas sensor.
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