Anti-press sentiment based on negative emotions of disgust and hatred has prevailed in Korea since the mid-2010s. Through in-depth interviews with ten journalists working for Korean news ...organizations, supplemented with an analysis of self-reflective articles, this study investigates how journalists experience this audience hostility and harassment, how they cope with it, and how their practices are influenced by it. The analysis reveals that, combined with the dualistic views of populist politics and the influence of misogynic narratives, journalists who cover topics, such as politics and gender, are more likely to become targets of anti-press violence. Moreover, it shows that anti-press violence induces negative emotions, such as discomfort, anger, lethargy, and fear, among journalists. To cope with these emotions, with little support from their news organizations, journalists tend to pursue emotion-focused coping strategies, such as striving for perfection in the newswork process, building emotional boundaries between the audience and themselves, counter-hating readers, and blaming other journalists. Finally, the paper suggests that anti-press violence in Korea promotes a chilling effect in news organizations that, consequently, may infringe on individual journalists' autonomy and editorial independence.
Erosion of sink rolls by molten zinc is one of the most prominent and persistent problems occurring in hot-dip galvanizing industry. MoB–CoCr as an alternative to WC–12Co for stainless steel ...protective coating resistance to molten zinc was deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). Microstructure and mechanical characterization of the coatings were carried out by SEM, XRD and micro-hardness test. Resistance to thermal shock and molten zinc corrosion of the coatings were also conducted. Results showed that MoB–CoCr coating exhibited a better resistance property to thermal shock than that of WC–12Co. At the same time, the corrosion test showed that lifetime of samples with MoB–CoCr coatings in molten zinc appeared to be longer than that of WC coating. The corrosion resistance of MoB–CoCr coating may be ascribed to non-wettability of MoB–CoCr in molten zinc, which can delay the molten zinc penetration into substrates along the micro-cracks of the coating.
•MoB–CoCr as alternative to WC–12Co for stainless steel protective coating was deposited by HVOF.•MoB–CoCr coating exhibited a better resistance property to thermal shock than WC–12Co coating.•Lifetime of MoB–CoCr coatings in molten zinc was also longer than that of WC–12Co coating.•The excellent corrosion resistance of MoB–CoCr coating may be ascribed to non-wettability property of the coating.
Online harassment of journalists is increasingly becoming a global phenomenon. Many attempts have been made to investigate the prevalence of the phenomenon. Unfortunately, findings prove that online ...harassment of journalists is indeed on the rise. What is lacking, so far, in the literature is an inquiry conducted from the perspective of journalists on why they are targeted. This study attempts to shine a light on this question. This we did by examining Nigerian journalists' perceived motivations for the online harassment that they experience and their suggested ways of controlling the phenomenon. Through online and face-to-face semistructured interviews of 30 journalists in Nigeria, we show that journalists in Nigeria believe that audience perceived journalistic wrongdoing and unethical behaviour, and polarization of politics in Nigeria are the chief reasons their audience harass them online. We further uncover that journalists suggested preventative measures, such as media sensitization campaigns about online harassment and political polarization, procedural, and prosecutorial measures such as improved security, ensuring adequate punishment for offenders, provision of security and enacting safety laws for journalists as avenues through which online harassment of journalists can be controlled. We then delineate the practical implications of the study.
This article contributes to our understanding of the notion of mob censorship from the Ugandan context by examining the nature and consequences of harassment targeting women journalists on social ...media. Drawing on research about online harassment and censorship, we link mob violence in physical spaces to harassment encountered on social media from the perspectives of women journalists. We illustrate that the different forms of harassment enabled by online platforms present serious challenges for individual journalists, and the journalism profession. Our findings suggest that online attacks on reporters include comments that denigrate women's bodies, and discredit journalists' reportage. The harassment compels women journalists to engage in online hibernation and censorship.
The online harassment of journalists is a phenomenon which has been on the rise in Europe over the last decade and it affects journalists' working lives. As an expression of mob censorship, online ...harassment raises questions about how media organisations react to online aggressions targeting their journalists, the consequences on the victims' well-being and on the role of journalism in society. Yet, previous research has shown the lack of support mechanisms provided by journalists' employers. In this article, we explore the hypothesis that the lack of organisational support towards targeted journalists is partly due to the challenges faced by media managers when trying to make sense of the phenomenon. This article offers a unique viewpoint on how 22 Belgian media managers from five media organisations struggle to define what online harassment is and how to respond to it. In turn, it shows that the vague understanding of what online harassment is seems to favour case-by-case organisational responses. Missing words and unstructured actions related to online harassment impede media managers from addressing online harassment as a collective issue in journalism and its consequences on the democratic debate.
Journalism is often referred to as one of the most important knowledge-producing institutions in society, yet also one facing numerous challenges, among which the safety of journalists critical. ...Public visibility as a journalist, having thousands of followers on social media, was until recently aspired by many in the field. However, this may well be disadvantageous to journalists scrutinizing sensitive topics, encountering actors that do their best to outright undermine and delegitimize journalism, also in Western democracies. This article begins by introducing and discussing research and ongoing developments relating to journalism and safety. It then turns to the sociotechnical and three-dimensional concept we call Newsafety, encompassing infrastructures, practices and consequences. Moreover, the article introduces and highlight key contributions from the special issue, which features six original articles and two invited commentaries. In closing, we call for interdisciplinary research focusing especially on psychological- and digital issues related to the UNESCO research agenda on the safety of journalists.
•Integrating traditional centrality and spectral modularity methods to explore intensive focal structures in social networks.•Applying decomposition optimization method to maximize the individual ...centrality measure and the network modularity value in the network level in complex social networks.•Measuring the influence generated by each focal structure on the individual level and the network level.•Applying the DCFM to measure the power generated by each focal structure.•Applying Newman-Girvan modularity method and depth-first search and linear graph algorithm to validate our results.•Evaluating model performance- apply to different social and real-world networks.•Implementing a toy example as a complexity analysis, and a real-world Twitter network.•Applying different centrality methods (degree, betweenness, closeness, eigenvector) and compare their results.
Social media has influenced socio-political aspects of many societies around the world. It is an effortless way for people to enhance their communication, connect with like-minded people, and share ideas. Online social networks (OSNs) can be used for noble causes by bringing together communities with common shared interests and to promote awareness of various causes. However, there is a dark side to the use of OSNs. OSNs can also be used as a coordination and amplification platform for attacks. For instance, adversaries can increase the impact of an attack by causing panic in an area by promoting attacks using OSNs. Public data can help adversaries to determine the best timing for attacks, scheduling attacks, and then using OSNs to coordinate attacks on networks or physical locations. This convergence of the cyber and physical worlds is known as cybernetics. In this paper, we introduce an integrated method to identify malicious behavior and the actors responsible for propagating this behavior via online social networks. Throughout history we have used surveillance techniques to monitor negative behavior, activities, and information. Quantitative socio-technical methods such as deviant cyber flash mob (DCFM) detection and focal structure analysis (FSA) can provide reconnaissance capabilities that enable cities and governments to look beyond internal data and identify threats based on active events. Groups of powerful hackers can be identified through FSA which is an integrated model that uses a betweenness centrality method at the node-level and spectral modularity at group-level to identify a hidden malicious and powerful focal structure (a subset of the network). Assessment of groups using DCFM methods can help to identify powerful actors and prevent attacks. In this study, we examine multiple data sets integrating the DCFM and FSA models to help cybersecurity experts see a better picture of the threat which will help to plan a better response.
Mob programming is an emergent practice in the industry, attracting increasing attention from the research community. Superficially a simple concept – similar to pair programming, but with more ...people – many of the same concerns arise as with pair programming, only more so: can it truly be efficient, is it for everybody, and what are the benefits and risks involved? In this paper we show that while research interest in this topic is increasing, much of the published literature to date constitutes experience reports, with a number of implicit differences in how mob programming is practiced. To transform mob programming from an area of avant-garde experimentation into a well understood practice in the toolbox of mainstream software engineering, such implicit differences need to be exposed, analyzed and documented, and the contextual enabling factors must be investigated. In this paper we take an important step in that direction by identifying variations in the practice and providing concrete guidance for creating an organizational and social environment where mob programming can be practiced both effectively and safely.
•An overview of the state of research on the emergent practice of mob programming.•Guidance on mob programming adoption and evaluation offered to practitioners.•A discussion of Social and organizational enablement of mob programming.•A proposed roadmap of subsequent research into mob programming.
Despite improvements in cancer management, most pancreatic cancers are still diagnosed at an advanced stage. We have recently identified promoter DNA methylation of the genes ADAMTS1 and BNC1 as ...potential blood biomarkers of pancreas cancer. In this study, we validate this biomarker panel in peripheral cell-free tumor DNA of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Sensitivity and specificity for each gene are as follows: ADAMTS1 87.2% and 95.8% (AUC = 0.91; 95% CI 0.71-0.86) and BNC1 64.1% and 93.7% (AUC = 0.79; 95% CI 0.63-0.78). When using methylation of either gene as a combination panel, sensitivity increases to 97.3% and specificity to 91.6% (AUC = 0.95; 95% CI 0.77-0.90). Adding pre-operative CA 19-9 values to the combined two-gene methylation panel did not improve sensitivity. Methylation of ADAMTS1 was found to be positive in 87.5% (7/8) of stage I, 77.8% (7/9) of stage IIA, and 90% (18/20) of stage IIB disease. Similarly, BNC1 was positive in 62.5% (5/8) of stage I patients, 55.6% (5/9) of stage IIA, and 65% (13/20) of patients with stage IIB disease. The two-gene panel (ADAMTS1 and/or BNC1) was positive in 100% (8/8) of stage I, 88.9% (8/9) of stage IIA, and 100% (20/20) of stage IIB disease. The sensitivity and specificity of the two-gene panel for localized pancreatic cancer (stages I and II), where the cancer is eligible for surgical resection with curative potential, was 94.8% and 91.6% respectively. Additionally, the two-gene panel exhibited an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI 0.90-0.98) compared to 57.1% for CA 19-9 alone.
The methylation status of ADAMTS1 and BNC1 in cfDNA shows promise for detecting pancreatic cancer during the early stages when curative resection of the tumor is still possible. This minimally invasive blood-based biomarker panel could be used as a promising tool for diagnosis and screening in a select subset of high-risk populations.
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