The emerging information and communication technologies (ICT) related to Industry 4.0 play a critical role to enhance supply chain performance. Employing the smart technologies has led to so-called ...smart supply chains. Understanding how Industry 4.0 and related ICT affect smart supply chains and how smart supply chains evolve with the support of the advanced technologies are vital to practical and academic communities. Existing review works on smart supply chains with ICT mainly rely on the academic literature alone. This paper presents an integrated approach to explore the effects of Industry 4.0 and related ICT on smart supply chains, by combining introduction of the current national strategies in North America, the research status analysis on ICT assisted supply chains from the major North American national research councils, and a systematic literature review of the subject. Besides, we introduce a smart supply chain hierarchical framework with multi-level intelligence. Furthermore, the challenges faced by supply chains under Industry 4.0 and future research directions are discussed as well.
Since 1971, United Arab Emirates strategies on water, food, and energy were top priority for the country and many of the conducted reports were done independently. Today and from security aspect, ...strategies should take into consideration the interlinkages between the current energy, water, and food strategies, and hence the nexus approach. The paper at hand will identify the historical development of these strategies and their potential relations to the nexus. In addition, the major public and private stakeholders/actors that influence the decision making process are identified. Finally, many of the recent policies that are related to the nexus are evaluated to determine if there are consensus among major stakeholders/actors in the country. Gephi software, network analysis and visualization package, was used to analyze the strength of the relationships among stakeholders/actors. KTAB, a toolkit for behavioral analysis model, is also used to analyze the level of consensus for several selected policies related to the nexus among the major stakeholders that influence the policy decision making in UAE. Results show a consensus among the major stakeholders/actors regarding the relevant policies but the linkages between the different stakeholders/actors need to be enhanced.
•Review the WEF nexus concept.•Identify the historical development of major water, energy and food -- strategies in UAE.•Identify the major stakeholders/actors that influence the policy decision making in the country.•Analyze the relationships among the major actors in policy decision making from a nexus perspective.•Assess if consensus exist among the major stakeholders/actors on policies related to the nexus in UAE.
National strategies aiming to reduce gender inequalities should focus on critical areas, such as financial literacy. However, a method should be established to measure individual financial literacy. ...We thus develop an indicator to assess financial literacy level and we analyze gender differences. It is possible to identify whether individuals have a low or a high level of financial literacy, as well as to draw a profile of the most vulnerable group. We carried out a survey of 2,485 individuals in Brazil and the main results showed most individuals have a low level of financial literacy across both genders. A significant relationship between financial literacy and gender is observed; the proportion of men is higher among those with a high level of financial literacy. However, the conclusions suggest that greater efforts should be made to reach women, particularly those who are single and have lower levels of education and income.
This paper describes the role of the bioeconomy concept started in the Cologne paper and initiated by Christian Patermann for bioeconomy strategies in Germany and around the world. Patermann is and ...has been an important actor and a highly appreciated colleague in the first German Bioeconomy Council and the International Advisory Council on Global Bioeconomy (IACGB). IACGB is a think tank with the mission to promote the Global Bioeconomy as a sustainable and future looking movement for the benefit of planet and people. The Global Bioeconomy Summits (GBS) series initiated in 2015 by the German Bioeconomy Council and perpetuated by the IACGB has become a truly global meeting and conference event that gathers bioeconomy experts and high level politicians from all areas and hemispheres. The IACGB provides leadership for setting the themes of GBS. Communiques and reports on national strategies are signature outcomes.
Strategic policy planning has gained increasing importance in international energy and climate policy. This paper aims to contribute to the debate on stringent policy planning by drawing lessons ...learned from two decades of strategy development in the field of European energy efficiency policy. Since the inception of the first national energy efficiency action plans under the Energy Services Directive (2006/32/EC), the European Commission and the Member States have had a long experience in planning national strategies. This paper analyses the lessons learned in setting up national energy efficiency strategies and traces the progress made in 2007–2020. Our findings show that major improvements are attained in the latest national energy and climate plans through the adoption of harmonised reporting approaches, evidence-based target setting methods, establishment of better monitoring systems and broader consideration of policy packages. Various areas with a significant potential for further improvements are also identified, ranging from more coherent reporting framework for policies and measures to the need of setting up systems that encourage the adoption of targets in line with a country's cost-effective energy efficiency potential. Embedding energy efficiency in the larger climate policy framework, considering how it can support pressing socioeconomic challenges, is also of pivotal importance.
•EU countries have a long experience in planning national strategies on energy efficiency.•The use of more harmonised reporting, evidence-based targets and wider policies is shown.•While a clear evolution towards more robust planning is witnessed, challenges remain.•The experience offers valuable lessons on broader climate and energy policy reporting.
With the publication of the National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC), the US federal government attempts to solve what it asserts is the identity problem on the Internet. This ...article discusses about the perverse incentives in digital risk management.
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) national strategies provide countries with a framework for the development and implementation of AI technologies. Sixty countries worldwide published their AI ...national strategies. The majority of these countries with more than 70% are developed countries. The approach of AI national strategies differentiates between developed and developing countries in several aspects including scientific research, education, talent development, and ethics. This paper examined AI readiness assessment in a developing country (Palestine) to help develop and identify the main pillars of the AI national strategy. AI readiness assessment was applied across education, entrepreneurship, government, and research and development sectors in Palestine (case of a developing country). In addition, it examined the legal framework and whether it is coping with trending technologies. The results revealed that Palestinians have low awareness of AI. Moreover, AI is barely used across several sectors and the legal framework is not coping with trending technologies. The results helped develop and identify the following five main pillars that Palestine’s AI national strategy should focus on: AI for Government, AI for Development, AI for Capacity Building in the private, public and technical and governmental sectors, AI and Legal Framework, and international Activities.
About one-third of the food produced globally for human consumption is lost or wasted each year. This represents a loss of natural resources consumed along the food supply chain that can also have ...negative impacts on food security. While food loss occurs between production and distribution and is prevalent in low-income countries, food waste occurs mainly at the consumer level, in the retail and food service sectors, and especially in developed countries. Preventing food losses and waste is therefore a potential strategy for better balance food supply and demand and is essential to improve food security while reducing environmental impact and providing economic benefits to the different actors in the food supply chain. In this context, we specifically provide an overview of case studies and examples of legislation from different countries and actions carried out by the various actors in the food chain and by non-profit organisations to effectively prevent and or reduce food loss and waste. We also outline current limitations and possible research avenues. We conclude that the comparison and the integration of knowledge, and the awareness of where along the food chain, for which foods and in which countries the greatest losses are produced, is essential to decide where and how to target efforts in the most effective way.
The principles of good governance, approved by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in 2008, are seen as markers that determine the level of implementation of democratic values in ...Ukraine, which is confidently moving along the European path of social development chosen by the people. The role of civil society as a subject of implementation in Ukraine of the principles of good governance and its influence on the state policy on the implementation of European democratic values is substantiated. In order to identify the state of implementation in Ukraine of the principles of good governance contained in the European Strategy for Innovation and Good Governance at the local level, an analysis of the process of their implementation in Ukraine through the National Strategy for Civil Society Development for 2016-2020 (hereinafter - National Strategy). 2020). In particular, the current state of reflection in the legislation of Ukraine of the recommendations of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe on the implementation of the principles of good democratic governance is analysed. It is revealed to what extent the freedom of expression of different opinions and participation of citizens in the processes of social development during the implementation of the National Strategy 2020 is ensured in Ukraine. The article substantiates a set of measures to update the process of implementing the principles of good governance in the implementation of state policy to promote the development of civil society. In particular, the ways of further implementation of the principles of good democratic governance in Ukraine in the next National Strategy for 2021-2026 (hereinafter - the National Strategy-2026) are proposed.
In ageing societies, active ageing (AA) has been recognized as a useful conceptual tool due to its holistic approach to social issues and recognised benefits from it at multiple levels (micro, meso ...and macro) for addressing demographic challenges. However, one of the main problems identified in relation to AA, is to turn into practice, at the policy making level, the many positive aspects that it promises at the conceptual level, as is demonstrated by the available evidence based on experiences carried out in some European countries. As an advancement in this field, through an original research experience carried out in Italy between 2019 and 2021, this study for the first time provides a model for producing recommendations for policy making and policy implementation in the field of AA, by managing the main problematic aspects related to the operationalization, at the policy making level, of the AA concept, with the potential for replication in other countries. The main challenges were identified, as well as the way to deal with them through a model, for a proper operationalization of the AA concept, based, among other aspects, on a solid international framework concerning this matter, on a mainstreaming ageing approach (at the public policy level) and on a wide stakeholder participation through co-decisional tools. A multi-level (national-regional-local) perspective was adopted to consider cultural and geographical diversity, among other challenges.
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