The exposure to bisphenols and their derivatives was assessed in 33 fish products sold in Turkey using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). BADGE was determined ...in only four samples at concentrations ranging between 0.06 and 0.22 mg/kg. As the most abundant bisphenol groups, BADGE-hydrolyzed products such as BADGE·H
2
O and BADGE·2H
2
O were present in nine and fourteen samples in the range between 0.06–0.16 and 0.06–0.72 mg/kg, respectively. The total concentration of BADGE and hydrolyzed products was below the specific migration limit (SML) value of 9 mg/kg food, which in the European Union stated as tolerable. Chlorinated derivatives of BADGE were detected in fewer samples compared with hydrolyzed ones. BADGE·H
2
O·HCl was the predominant migrant among chlorinated derivatives and was present in seven samples in a range between 0.02 and 0.06 mg/kg. All other samples contained less than or equal to 0.03 mg/kg of BADGE·HCl and BADGE·2HCl. The sum of these derivatives was lower than the SML value (1 mg/kg) of BADGE chlorohydrins legislated by the European Union. Besides these migrants, the analyzed samples did not contain any BFDGE and 3R-NOGE, which are prohibited in manufacturing food contact materials.
The presence of Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE), and their derivatives in seventy-nine samples of food products available in Turkish stores was determined using ultra ...performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Among Bisphenol A and its analogues, BPA was the most detected migrant with 56.97%. Fish products had the highest level of BPA with 0.102 mg/kg although only three fish samples exceeded the Specific Migration Limit (SML) for BPA of 0.05 mg/kg of food. The BPF, BPS, and BPB in all analyzed foods ranged between 0–0.021, 0–0.036, and 0.072 mg/kg, respectively. BADGE derivates, BADGE·2H
2
O and cyclo-di-BADGE (CdB) were present in 57 and 52 samples with concentrations ranging between 0–0.354, and 0–1.056 mg/kg, respectively. All the analyzed traditional Turkish ready-to-eat meals and fish products were contaminated with BADGE·2H
2
O and CdB. The overall levels of BADGE and the derivates were below the specific migration limit. CdB was found at higher concentrations in traditional Turkish ready-to-eat meals, up to 1.056 mg/kg. The CdB concentration in most of the samples was above the highest figure with 0.05 mg/kg authorized by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment. The predominant chlorinated derivative was BADGE·H
2
O·HCl which was found in thirty-seven samples in the range of 0.007–0.061 mg/kg.
A simple and novel method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated to determine the levels of 10 compounds (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), ...novolac-glycidyl ethers (NOGEs), and their related compounds) migrated from food and beverage cans into food simulants. Method validation showed acceptable linearity, precision, and accuracy. The detection limits ranged from 0.28 to 14.8 μg L
−1
, and the quantification limits ranged from 0.94 to 49.3 μg L
−1
. Water, 4% acetic acid, 50% ethanol, and n-heptane were employed as food simulants for the migration tests, and the developed LC-MS/MS method was applied to 104 epoxy-coated beverage and food metal cans. Only BADGE∙2H
2
O and BADGE were detected; the levels were below the specific migration limit. Based on the obtained migration results, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of BADGE∙2H
2
O and BADGE were calculated. Exposure assessments were conducted to compare the EDI with the tolerable daily intake (TDI), with a relatively low percentage of the TDI being reported. NOGE and its related compounds were not detected in the monitored cans. Long-term storage tests were also conducted at 60°C over 30 days. Only BADGE∙2H
2
O was detected in all food simulants, except for n-heptane, and the maximum amount detected was 114.6 μg L
−1
in 50% ethanol.
U radu prikazujemo dvoje bolesnika s masivnim avulzijskim ozljedama donjih ekstremiteta. U oboje se liječenje sastojalo od sekvencijalnog debridmana ozljeda nakon čega je postavljen sustav ...površinskoga negativnog tlaka da bi se tijekom razdoblja od tri do četiri tjedna omogućilo stvaranje sloja solidnoga granulacijskog tkiva i klinički čiste rane. Nakon toga postavljen je DRT INTEGRA® koji je u korito rane također fiksiran sustavom površinskoga negativnog tlaka. U sljedeća tri tjedna DRT INTEGRA® potpuno se „integrirao“, što je omogućilo pokrivanje Thierschovim transplantatima debljine 0,2 mm. U oboje bolesnika ishod je estetski i funkcionalno zadovoljavao pri čemu su obnovljene konture donjih ekstremiteta. Terapija površinskim negativnim tlakom tijekom razdoblja od 3 do 4 tjedna omogućava kontrolu kolonizacije korita rane i formiranje solidnog sloja granulacijskog tkiva. Primjena IDRT-a omogućava stvaranje neodermisa koji rekonstruiranom tkivu pruža elastičnost te obnovu konture donjih ekstremiteta. Nedostaci ovog modaliteta liječenja jesu cijena i cjelokupno trajanje terapije od oko 8 tjedana.
Pripovijesti o kršćanskim čudima snažno podržavaju liječnički identitet svetih Kuzme i Damjana. Čudo Crne noge je njihovo najznamenitije posmrtno čudo. Zlatna Legenda, koju je napisao Jacopo da ...Voragine, glavni je izvor ove pripovijesti. Ova zbirka čudesnih hagiografija prikupljena je u XIII stoljeću. Sveti Kuzma i Damjan čudotvorno transplantiraju crnu nogu Etiopljanina, crkvenjaku bijelog tijela, čija je noga zahvaćena tumorom.
Svetitelji su se pojavili u snu bolesnika s oboljelom nogom, amputirali je i zamijenili nogom nedavno preminule osobe. Ovo dramatično izlječenje privuklo je mnoge zapadne umjetnike.
Ikonografija Čuda Crne noge po prvi puta je predstavljena u Firenzi oko 1370. godine. Boja noge je kasnije privukla posebnu pozornost.
Počevši od 1990. godine u Grčkoj su se pojavile ilustracije Čuda Crne noge u (novo) Bizantskom stilu. Ovo čudo Svetih Bezsrebrenika nije povijesno zasnovano na Knjigama života Svetih u pravoslavnim crkvama. Djelovanje svetih liječnika usmjereno na zamjenu oboljele noge onom uzetom od mrtvog donora, bilo je nepoznato istočnom Kršćanstvu. Procjena izlječivih, čudotvornih moći Svetih Kuzme i Damjana u dostupnim pravoslavnim hagiografskim
izvorima pokazala je izrazito zanemarivanje čuda Crne noge. Neki suvremeni Grčki autori smatraju da ono ne zavrjeđuje pozornost.
Unlike
Naja naja
,
Bungarus caeruleus
,
Echis carinatus
, and
Daboia/Vipera russellii
venoms,
Ophiophagus hannah
venom is medically ignored in the Indian subcontinent. Being the biggest poisonous ...snake,
O. hannah
has been presumed to inject several lethal doses of venom in a single bite. Lack of therapeutic antivenom to
O. hannah
bite in India makes any attempt to save the victim a difficult exercise. This study was initiated to compare
O. hannah
venom with the above said venoms for possible interference in hemostasis.
Ophiophagus hannah
venom was found to actively interfere in hemostatic stages such as fibrin clot formation, platelet activation/aggregation, and fibrin clot dissolution. It decreased partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin clotting time (TCT). These activities are similar to that shown by
E. carinatus
and
D. russellii
venoms, and thus
O. hannah
venom was found to exert procoagulant activity through the common pathway of blood coagulation, while
N. naja
venom increased aPTT and TCT but not PT, and hence it was found to exert anticoagulant activity through the intrinsic pathway. Venoms of
O. hannah
,
E. carinatus
, and
D. russellii
lack plasminogen activation property as they do not hydrolyze azocasein, while they all show plasmin-like activity by degrading the fibrin clot. Although
N. naja
venom did not degrade azocasein, unlike other venoms, it showed feeble plasmin-like activity on fibrin clot. Venom of
E. carinatus
induced clotting of human platelet rich plasma (PRP), while the other three venoms interfered in agonist-induced platelet aggregation in PRP. Venom of
O. hannah
least inhibited the ADP induced platelet aggregation as compared to
D. russellii
and
N. naja
venoms. All these three venoms showed complete inhibition of epinephrine-induced aggregation at varied doses. However,
O. hannah
venom was unique in inhibiting thrombin induced aggregation.
In order to be analysed, NOGE components with epoxy groups must be separated from polar food material to prevent losses through uncontrolled reactions. Samples are homogenized minimally and extracted ...into a phase of minimized polarity. The NOGE components are then separated from the oil by extraction into acetonitrile and analysed by RPLC with fluorescence detection. Hydrolysis of the epoxy and chlorohydroxy functions to diols may help the analysis. Application and limitations of the method are illustrated by examples. Detection limits vary widely, depending on interfering food components, but legal limits below 1mg/kg can hardly be reliably enforced.
Prijelomi zamora na donjim ekstremitetima u dječjoj dobi nisu uobičajeni kao kod odraslih športaša. U ovom su radu prikazani podatci dobiveni retrospektivnom obradom 23-je djece sa 26 prijeloma ...zamora na donjim ekstremitetima. Pregledana su u Zavodu za ortopediju Klinike za dječje bolesti Zagreb, u razdoblju od 2000. do 2005. godine. Nakon kliničkog pregleda učinjena je obrada prema poznatom algoritmu. Kod sve djece učinjene su standardne snimke, scintigrafija kod 16-ero djece i kod jednog djeteta CT. Nađeno je 12 prijeloma zamora tibije, 9 prijeloma zamora metatarzalne kosti (II., III. i V.), 3 prijeloma zamora fibule i 2 prijeloma zamora femura. Liječena su neoperacijski, djelomičnim rasterećenjem ili imobilizacijom od 2 do 4 tjedna, ovisno o dobi i mjestu prijeloma zamora. Praćena su od 8 do l2 tjedana. Konsolidacija kosti potvrđena je RTG snimkom. Komplikacija nije bilo.
Tijekom 2013. godine jama Mokre Noge posjećen je u šest navrata, tri puta za istraživanje, jednom za biospeološka istraživanja, i vježba speleološkog spašavanja. Istraživanja jame proveo je mali broj ...sudionika koji su jurišno odradili istraživanje bez bivakiranja. Neistraženi dijelovi na dnu i na ulazu do Legolanda su istraženi. Pun pogodak za ovogodišnje istraživanje je bila speleovježba HGSSa pa je jama bila postavljena što je iskorišteno za istraživanje novih dijelova jame.
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