In order to protect human health from the hazards of nuclear radiation, it is necessary to standardize the management of irradiation equipment. According to the principle of ...“man-machine-management-environment” intrinsic safety, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and cloud model method were adopted. A quantitative safety evaluation index system was established from four aspects: safety management, safety environment, irradiation equipment and experimental team. Based on the actual situation of an experimental institution, the safety grade of this experimental institution was systematically analyzed. The safety grade of this experimental organization was excellent, but it still needs to improve certain aspects. Corresponding management recommendations were put forward for nuclear technology utilization units of different safety levels.
Simultaneous achievement of sustainability, profitability, and productivity in the agricultural sector requires the development and utilization of appropriate technologies derived from agricultural ...research and extension of technological innovations in this sector. One of the most important issues in this respect is nuclear technology. Accordingly, the present study aims to carry out a causal analysis of the adoption behavior towards the use of nuclear technology in agriculture. The research method was descriptive-correlational and causal-relationship and a survey was used to collect the required data. The statistical population of this study consists of agricultural activists including faculty members of state departments of agriculture and research centers in Tehran and Alborz Provinces, Iran (N = 275); out of which, 160 individuals were selected through Krejcie and Morgan Table using stratified random sampling method with proportional assignment. The research instrument was a questionnaire, the validity of which was approved by a number of specialists in the field of agricultural education and extension as well as agricultural nuclear technology. The reliability of the whole items of the questionnaire was also obtained through a pilot study using Cronbach's alpha test (0.62≤α ≤ 0.82). The results of correlational tests showed that the variables of triability, compatibility, relative advantage, usefulness, attitude, social norms, and improved conditions (including social, cultural, political, and health-related items) have a positive and significant correlation with the behavior of adopting nuclear technology in agricultural sector. Moreover, the results of statistical tests of comparison of means (Kruskal-Wallis) revealed that the attitudes of faculty members in Agricultural Research Institute of Atomic Energy Organization in terms of views, knowledge, behavior, and tendency to nuclear technology adoption in agricultural sector were significantly different from those of other respondents. The causal analysis results showed that the component of improved conditions (social, cultural, political, and health-related items) had the greatest impact on the behavior of adopting nuclear technology in agriculture (β = 0.464).
•The purpose was to causal analyze the adoption of nuclear technology in agriculture.•The research method was descriptive-correlational and causal- relationship.•The results showed component of improved conditions had the greatest impact on behavior of adopting nuclear technology.
In accelerator physics, the method of absorption filters is used for measurements of the energy spectrum of electrons with energy above 100 keV. In this paper, we present a modification of the method ...to measure the delta-like spectrum of electron beams based on fitting by statistical distributions the initial experimental data and the results of simulation of the beam transmission through the filters. The method developed is much more accurate and stable than the original one and is consistent with the direct measurements by a magnetic spectrometer.
Several key components, such as superconducting coils, remote handling equipment, heating systems, have been designed and manufactured by JADA (Japan Domestic Agency). These activities have been ...carried out in accordance with the agreed schedule; in collaboration with the ITER organization and other domestic agencies. As a significant technical program using ITER, to design and to manufacture the TBS (Test blanket system), some R&D and design activities have also been conducted in Japan. Under the IFERC (the International Fusion Energy Research Center) projects of BA (Broader Approach) activities, design and R&D activities on fusion DEMO reactor have been carried out. For the DEMO R&D activity, five basic R&D subjects for a DEMO blanket system have been selected, and been studies under close collaborations between EU and JA: structure materials (RAFM steels and SiC/SiC composites), functional materials (tritium breeders and neutron multipliers), and tritium technology. From 2007, the above projects produced a set of fruitful results. A series of advanced technologies for the DEMO blanket system has also been carried out by Universities in Japan. Some significant basic R&D studies have also been carried out under US-JA collaborative program.
The DSC, TG, DTA, and DTG analyses of boron silicides, which are widely applied in radiation material science and nuclear technology, have been performed depending on the thermal treatment rate. The ...kinetic parameters (energy, enthalpy, oxidation reaction rate, heat capacity, and activation energy) of effects occurring in the thermal treatment of boron silicides of 99.5% purity within a temperature range of 25–900°C at a rate of 5–20°C/min have been established. It has been established that the phase transition typical for silicides with its central peak at a temperature 572 ± 5°C can exist in boron silicides depending on the thermal treatment rate. In TG and DTG spectra, this appears as an oxidation thermal effect at
T
≥ 660°C with a change increase in mass of nearly 9%.
The present study explores the status of nuclear energy developments for generation of electric power. Notably, India's pivotal role in advancing nuclear technology is highlighted, particularly with ...the development of a cutting-edge nuclear Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) technology-based power plant. India has been developing the latest nuclear Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) technology-based power plant having power generation capacity 10 times higher than the existing nuclear power plants. The review incorporates the most important component of the FBR system i.e. cold trap. Model Sodium Cold Trap (MSCT) is used by India to demonstrate the regeneration of secondary sodium cold trap.The development, advancements and challenges towards the Model Sodium Cold Trap (MSCT) are discussed in detail. It is possible to increase the maximum in-situ regeneration of MSCT up to 82%. This paper also reviews status of energy production using renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Finally, the scope in the advancements of nuclear reactor technology and related future opportunities has also been included.
Graphical Abstract
Verbal probability expressions are frequently used to communicate risk and uncertainty. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), for example, uses them to convey risks associated with ...climate change. Given the potential for human action to mitigate future environmental risks, it is important to understand how people respond to these expressions. In 3 studies employing a novel manipulation of event severity (so as to avoid any confound with event base rate), we demonstrated a systematic effect of event severity on the interpretation of verbal probability expressions. Challenging a previous finding in the literature, expressions referring to a severe event were interpreted as indicating a higher probability than those referring to a more neutral event. The finding was demonstrated in scenarios communicating risks relating to climate change (Studies 1 and 2) and replicated in scenarios involving nanotechnology and nuclear materials (Study 3). This is the first direct demonstration of an effect of outcome severity on the interpretation of verbal probability expressions, correcting a previous (potentially problematic) conclusion attributable to a flawed experimental design. (Contains 2 footnotes, 4 tables, and 3 figures.)
In 2011–2012, experiments on the irradiation of the target assembly of “Quinta” setup containing 500 kg of metallic natural uranium with a deuteron beam showed that the average energy of the ...resulting neutrons increases with the energy of the incident deuterons. Thin-film breakdown counters (TFBC) were used to study the quantitative characteristics of this effect. The results of fission rates measurement in
nat
U and
209
Bi targets of the TFBC detectors located at different distances along the deuteron beam axis, experimental values of the
nat
U/
209
Bi rates ratio and neutron integral fluxes at the energies above 1 and 20 MeV are presented. A comparison of the experimental and calculated results on the fragment fission rates is presented.
By the 1960s, French uranium geologists were prospecting on every continent. This paper considers the link between this form of 'nuclear reach' and the weapons tests, reactor sales, and scientific ...exchanges that characterised the French programme. The shifting status of uranium during the early nuclear age and the prospection of uranium by French geologists reveals much about the evolving ambitions of the French nuclear leadership. Geophysics and ore concentration, alongside nucleonics and reactor design, were lynchpin techniques of this era, and the diplomatic and commercial stakes involved were central to the calculations of the French nuclear leadership.
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