Utilization of SNS data has become the focus on attention for considering measures for understanding travellers’ actions, interests, and concerns to promote tourism. In order to investigate the ...relationship between actual sightseeing locations and postings to SNS, this research conducted a survey on the degree to which there are postings to Instagram which has a growing base of users, relating to tourist spots in Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture, with the widespread use of photo-posting type SNS. Furthermore, the effects of the day of the week and the weather on posting, a correlation of the number of posts relating to each tourist spot, and the relationship between the number of posts and the number of visitors were analyzed. The main results were as follows: (1) there were 2.3 times the number of weekday posts on holidays, (2) posts relating to cultural tourism resources were not very effected by rainfall, (3) the distances between tourist spots did not affect the number of posts, and (4) the number of posts increased with the number of visitors.
In complex operation systems, the processes of rendering technical objects roadworthy are carried out at specifically designed technical backup area posts. The article presents the method of defining ...the number of technical backup area posts required for appropriate functioning of assigned service and repair task. Then typical calculation results are presented in charts prepared on the basis of data obtained from tests at existing transport means operation system. The presented method makes it possible to analogically determine the minimum required number of posts for carrying out the assigned service and repair task for both a subsystem comprised of a group of units a given group of posts or an individual post in traffic maintenance and intervention subsystems.
Principal differences are shown as to the number and size of newly formed droplets after the collision of spheres, disks, and ellipsoids as well as critical Weber numbers sufficient for intense ...atomization. The typical breakup times differ for the sphere – sphere, sphere – disk, and sphere – ellipsoid systems within 5–7%, and the number and total surface areas of post-collision droplets in such systems vary several-fold (sometimes, by more than an order of magnitude). We compare three droplet disruption modes: disintegration of a bridge between variously shaped droplets, inflation of a target droplet (usually a disk or ellipsoid) by a projectile droplet (mostly sphere), and aerosol formation induced by the axisymmetric collision of liquid fragments with similar initial shapes. Conditions are determined for the many-fold and, on the contrary, insignificant increase in the number of droplets in an air flow due to their collisions in the breakup mode.
Display omitted
•Shape of the colliding droplets affects the disruption mode and outcomes.•Three disruption modes are singled out.•Critical Weber numbers of stable disruption are much lower for disk-shaped droplets.•Breakup time of spherical drops is ~10% longer than this time of ellipsoids and disks.•Child-droplets number increase significantly for different-shaped primary drops.
Financial Access and Stability Rocha, Roberto Rezende; Arvai, Zsofia; Farazi, Subika
2011, 09-21-2011, 2011-09-21, 20110101
eBook, Book
Open access
This report contributes to the effort to improve Middle East and North Africa's (MENA's) growth and employment performance by providing a diagnostic of MENA's financial systems and proposing a ...roadmap for more diversified, competitive, and inclusive financial systems. The report recognizes the need to complement the financial development agenda by a financial stability agenda, to ensure that financial systems remain resilient as access is expanded and new risks emerge. The report starts by briefly reviewing the main causes of MENA's unsatisfactory growth and employment performance, identifying the region's broader growth agenda and the role of financial development in this agenda. It proceeds by reviewing the size and structure of MENA's financial systems, showing that most of these systems are excessively bank based and undiversified. The chapter provides a battery of access indicators showing that access outcomes have been very poor relative to those in other regions. It discusses the main causes of these poor outcomes and proposes a comprehensive agenda for financial development and financial stability. The report emphasizes the many common challenges faced by MENA countries, but it also recognizes the differences and tailors policy recommendations to the initial conditions in each of the main sub regions.
The main messages of poor places, thriving people: how the Middle East and North Africa can rise above spatial disparities can be summarized in four words: people, connections, clusters, and ...institutions. This report shows how smart investments and policies in transport can connect poor places to the dynamic economies of their rich neighbors. There is also a wide open field of opportunity for telecommunications to bring electronic proximity to lagging areas. Many countries have spent huge sums on subsidies to entice investors to lagging areas-usually without any sustainable impact. This report recommends that governments turn their efforts toward the new approach to local economic development, which is gaining ground around the world, and is based on economic clusters, local competitive advantage, private initiative, and public-private dialogue. The report describes the state-of-play in territorial planning, public financial management, targeted programs, deconcentration, and decentralization, and it sketches some emerging lessons. This report combines the insights of specialists in the majority of the World Bank's key sectors: agriculture, development economics, education, health, poverty analysis, social protection, and transport. It is the report's modest aim, if not to offer a single formula for reducing spatial disparities, at least to propose a range of policy options that the region's leaders can reflect on in the light of their national objectives.
The main messages of poor places, thriving people: how the Middle East and North Africa can rise above spatial disparities can be summarized in four words: people, connections, clusters, and ...institutions. This report shows how smart investments and policies in transport can connect poor places to the dynamic economies of their rich neighbors. There is also a wide open field of opportunity for telecommunications to bring electronic proximity to lagging areas. Many countries have spent huge sums on subsidies to entice investors to lagging areas-usually without any sustainable impact. This report recommends that governments turn their efforts toward the new approach to local economic development, which is gaining ground around the world, and is based on economic clusters, local competitive advantage, private initiative, and public-private dialogue. The report describes the state-of-play in territorial planning, public financial management, targeted programs, deconcentration, and decentralization, and it sketches some emerging lessons. This report combines the insights of specialists in the majority of the World Bank's key sectors: agriculture, development economics, education, health, poverty analysis, social protection, and transport. It is the report's modest aim, if not to offer a single formula for reducing spatial disparities, at least to propose a range of policy options that the region's leaders can reflect on in the light of their national objectives.
This paper discusses the role of the postal network in expanding access to financial services in Egypt. It reviews the public postal operator within the postal sector and within the broader context ...of the communications sector. The roles of the postal network and state and privately-owned banks are also reviewed from the perspective of the financial sector development, with particular focus on payments systems development and microfinance. The ultimate goal of postal reform is to create a system where modern technology and a free flow of information benefit the customer. A modern, efficient postal service that utilizes the latest information technology will not only increase Egypt's social and economic development, but will also contribute significantly to the creation of an Egyptian information society.
This paper discusses the role of the postal network in expanding access to financial services in Egypt. It reviews the public postal operator within the postal sector and within the broader context ...of the communications sector. The roles of the postal network and state and privately-owned banks are also reviewed from the perspective of the financial sector development, with particular focus on payments systems development and microfinance. The ultimate goal of postal reform is to create a system where modern technology and a free flow of information benefit the customer. A modern, efficient postal service that utilizes the latest information technology will not only increase Egypt's social and economic development, but will also contribute significantly to the creation of an Egyptian information society.
PDF
