The purpose of this article is to study sense of parental competence in parents who experienced abuse in childhood. Many studies have shown that the kind of abuse (physical, emotional, sexual, ...neglect) that the parent experienced in childhood and the co-occurrence of several types of abuse affect the sense of parental competence. In particular, we focused on the difference between sexual abuse and other kinds of abuse. The instruments used to collect data were the French versions of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, which assesses abuse, and the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, which assesses efficacy and satisfaction. These questionnaires were designed to quantitatively evaluate the kind of abuse experienced during childhood and the sense of parental competence. We collected 828 valid protocols. The statistical analyses show that sense of parental competence is lower in parents who were abused during their childhood than in those who were not. More specifically, our results show that these parents feel less satisfaction, one of the two components of the sense of parental competence.
Parental competence is an important concept in increasing the quality of care provided to individuals with special needs and the quality of life of parents. This study was aimed to evaluate the ...psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Parental Competence Scale designed for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders.
This methodological study was conducted with 433 parents of children with autism between November 2021 and February 2023. Information Form, the Parental Competence Scale for Parents of Children with Autism, and the Parental Self-Efficacy Scale were used to collect the data. The data were assessed using content and construct validity, item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency. Guidelines for reporting reliability and agreement studies (GRRAS) were adhered to in the study.
The content validity index of the scale was 0.93. Item-total score correlation values ranged from 0.338 to 0.846. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, the two-factor structure of the scale consisting of 19 items was confirmed. Factor loads were >0.30 and fit indices were >0.80. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Turkish version of the scale was 0.85, and the Cronbach's alpha values of its sub-dimensions were 0.71 and 0.79.
The parental competence scale for parents of children with autism is a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkey.
Pediatric nurses, all health professionals, special education professionals and teachers can use this scale in interventional studies aiming to evaluate or improve the competencies of parents with autistic children in the future.
•Parental competence is a factor affecting parental well-being in children with autism.•The Turkish version of the Parental Competence Scale for parents of children with autism is a valid and reliable tool.•The Parental Competence Scale can use to determine the competency perceptions of parents of children with autism.
•Cyberbullying (CB) is a very important social problem in the digital age.•Examining the role of their parents in preventing CB is critical.•We was conducted a “parental awareness and guidance to ...prevent CB scale” adaptation.•Parental supervision scores differ according to the parental role.•PC and supervision differ according to age, child school level and education level.
The purpose of this study was to adapt the Parental Awareness and Supervision to Prevent Cyberbullying scale developed by Martín-Criado, Casas, and Ortega-Ruiz (2021) to Turkish and to carry out validity-reliability studies. The questionnaire includes five factors and 27 items in total: (a) parental knowledge of cyberbullying, (b) perception of parental competence in this regard, (c) parental perception of online risks, (d) the attribution of parental responsibility in digital education, (e) family supervision. The data were collected from 208 parents who voluntarily participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis evidenced that the fit indices are acceptable and/or perfect fit. Cronbach’s alpha values for the factors were between 0.744 and 0.874 and the composite reliability values were between 0.754 and 0.857. These findings proved sufficient evidence for the reliability of the questionnaire. The study also investigated that parents’ perceptions of the adapted questionnaire and their variation according to the demographic variables. A significant difference was observed between the parents for the parental supervision dimension. In addition, there were differences according to the age level of the parents, the school level of the child, and the education level of the parents for the dimensions of parental competence and parental supervision. The suggestions were presented for theory and practice within the framework of the findings.
To develop and validate a parental competence questionnaire for parents of children seeking care in hospital emergency departments.
An instrumental study of the development of an assessment ...questionnaire was carried out in three phases: 1) review of relevant measures and item generation, 2) content validity evaluation, 3) psychometric evaluation. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine the factorial structure. Internal consistency was evaluated using ordinal alpha. Hypothesis testing was determined between the resulting factors, the Parental Stress Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
The participants were 270 parents of children aged 0–14 years old from a referral hospital in Valencia (Spain). An 18-item questionnaire was developed, comprising five factors that explain 53.0% of the variance: 1) “emotional management and expression”, 2) “passive social support”, 3) “parental agency”, 4) “basic needs and care” and 5) “active social support”. The internal consistency for the different factors was modest (>0.70). A negative correlation between the Parental Stress Scale and the parental competence questionnaire was found for most of the factors.
This questionnaire on parental competence in the hospital emergency department (ECP-U) is a useful and simple self-report instrument for assessing the parental competence of parents with children in the emergency department.
The resulting questionnaire is of practical value to both healthcare professionals and researchers in this field. It can be administered quickly in clinical practice and used to identify parents' levels of parental competence and refer those with difficulties to appropriate support services.
•Low parental competencies are related to non-urgent visits in paediatric hospital emergency departments.•Non-urgent visits have negative repercussions for organizations, healthcare professionals and users.•A new tool to assess the level of parental competencies in paediatric emergency departments.
To confirm the structure and examine the psychometric properties of the Parental Competence Questionnaire in the Paediatric Hospital Emergency Setting (ECP-U).
An instrumental validation study of the ...ECP-U questionnaire and an examination of its psychometric properties were carried out.
The participants were 260 mothers and fathers seeking care in the paediatric emergency department of a hospital in Valencia (Spain) with children aged 0 to 14 years old. The five-factor structure of the ECP-U was confirmed with excellent statistical fits. Second-order models and a more parsimonious four-factor structure with adequate but marginal fits are proposed. With the exception of the “parental agency” factor (in both models examined) and the “active social support” factor (in the original five-factor structure), the internal consistency of the different factors was modest (≥ 0.70). A negative correlation was found between the Parental Stress Scale and the ECP-U for most factors.
Validity and reliability analyses indicate that the ECP-U is an instrument with modest psychometric properties.
The ECP-U is an instrument that can be used by future researchers to identify different levels of parental competence in paediatric hospital emergency departments. This will enable help to be given to families with parenting issues and problems. The underlying concern is to reduce the number of frequent users and “Non-Urgent Presentations” to paediatric emergency departments due to low parental competence.
•Parental competence are associated with NUPs and frequent use of PEDs.•It is essential to use validated tools to assess the construct of parental competence in PEDs.•There are no studies confirming the structure of the Parental Competence Questionnaire in the Paediatric Emergency Setting (ECP-U).•The ECP-U has modest psychometric properties.
The goal of this study was to determine the significance of variable order when it comes to using child and parent reports of parental support to predict delinquency. It was hypothesized that a ...social context variable (parental support as rated by the parent) would precede a perceptual variable (perceived parental support competence as rated by the child) in predicting delinquency, but a perceptual variable preceding social context would not. This hypothesis, based, in part, on social cognitive theory, was tested in a sample of 3,490 adolescent Australian youth (1,742 boys, 1,690 girls) using a three-wave path analysis. As predicted, the parental support to perceived parental support competence sequence led to delinquency, but the perceived parental support competence to parental support sequence was non-significant. These results indicate that a social context variable is capable of affecting behavior indirectly, in this case, by shaping the affected child’s perception of the social context.
The family can be a protective/risk factor for violence. The study analyzes differences in family variables (parental stress, parental competence and parenting styles) among severe student victims, ...aggressors, cybervictims, and cyberaggressors (who have very frequently suffered or carried out bullying/cyberbullying behaviors in the past year) and those who have neither suffered nor carried out any aggressive behavior or only occasionally.
Participants were 1,993 students in the 5th-6th grade (9-13 years old).
Victims and aggressors of bullying had parents with higher levels of parental stress, who used more authoritarian educational styles (low affection, coercive discipline, high control), and more permissive practices (high affection/overprotection, low demand/control); parents of aggressors also had a lower level of parental competence. Cybervictims had parents with higher parental stress who used more permissive educational styles. Cyberaggressors had parents with a low level of parental competence.
The family context is relevant for bullying/cyberbullying, but family variables have more influence on bullying than on cyberbullying.
Using an online questionnaire among 516 Dutch parents (children between 1 and 12 years; 68% mothers, 18% single parents) this study explored whether parents see media devices as useful tools in ...childrearing, and how parent-family characteristics and parental perceptions on parenting, media effects and child development predict the acceptance of instrumental media use. Findings revealed that parents saw media as a) a distractor providing the parent relief in childrearing, b) a babysitter when the parent is unavailable, and c) a tool to modify children’s behavior. Whereas 20 to 30 percent found media useful as a modifier or babysitter, only about 10 percent perceived media helpful as a distractor. Acceptance of the different types of instrumental media use depended more on parental perceptions than on parent-family variables: i.e., instrumental use of media was primarily endorsed by parents who are less confident about their parenting, have less support from a partner, expect positive effects from the media, and report health and conduct problems in their children.
Parental reflective functioning refers to the parents’ ability to reflect on their children’s mental states, and is increasingly considered to be a key feature of competent parenting. However, to ...date, no study has empirically investigated this assumption. The main objective of the present study was therefore to investigate the mediating role of parental competence in the relationship between parental reflective functioning and children’s socioemotional adjustment. We also investigated whether these relationships were similar for mothers and fathers. The study was carried out in a sample of 433 mothers and 113 fathers of infants aged from 2 to 36 months. Participants had to complete the Spanish version of the Perceived Parental Competence Scale, the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire and the Ages & Stages Questionnaire. Results showed, as expected, that parental competence mediated the association between parental reflective functioning and infants’ emotional adjustment. Multigroup analysis supported the invariance of the structural model across mothers and fathers. The implications of these results for pediatric and primary care are discussed.
Highlights
We investigated the role of Parental Reflective Functioning (PRF) and parental competence in children’s socioemotional adjustment.
Results indicate that parental competence mediated the association between PRF and infants’ socioemotional adjustment in both mothers and fathers.
These results provide further evidence for the importance of PRF for children’s early socioemotional adjustment.
Modern parenting is characterized by numerous changes which make the parental role not only fulfilling but also very demanding and stressful. In the process of adjustment to the parental role, some ...personality characteristics of parents can function as protective or risk factors for subjective parental adjustment (parental burnout and competence) and for parental behavior. Therefore, the aim of this research was to test the mediating role of parental burnout and competence in the relationship between personality characteristics of parents (neuroticism and tendency towards parenting perfectionism) and parental neglect of children and violence towards children, while controlling for some sociodemographic variables. A total of 1025 parents from Croatia (90% mothers) participated in the research. Using SEM, two competing models (“i.e.,”, partial vs. full mediation) were tested. The obtained results clearly indicated better fit of the partial mediation model to the data. It was determined that parental burnout and competence had a partial mediating role in the relationship between personality characteristics of parents and their tendency towards child neglect and violence. Higher levels of neuroticism and parenting perfectionistic concerns contribute to increased parental burnout. Furthermore, a higher level of parental burnout contributes to a higher level of parent reported violence and neglect towards the child. Also, parents who are more emotionally stable and have higher standards regarding oneself as parent (self-oriented parenting perfectionism) and a lower tendency to be self-critical in one’s parenting role (perfectionistic concerns), with greater perceived parental competence, are less susceptible to being violent against their children.
Highlights
Some parents can experience feelings of burnout in the parental role due to reinforced parental demands.
This research points to the constructs of parental burnout and competence as determinants of (in)adequate parental behavior.
Higher levels of neuroticism and parenting perfectionistic concerns contribute to increased parental burnout.
Findings suggest that perfectionism concerns over mistakes can harm children by increasing parental neglect and violence towards children.
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