We know that entrepreneurship training is effective but we lack a theoretical understanding of the dynamic processes after training leading to business creation. In this study, we develop a ...theoretical model to explain short- and long-term effects of entrepreneurship training on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, passion, and business creation. We hypothesize that entrepreneurship training boosts entrepreneurial self-efficacy and passion, and that entrepreneurial self-efficacy sustains the positive effect of entrepreneurship training on passion over time. Furthermore, we hypothesize that entrepreneurship training impacts business creation through passion. We conducted a field experiment with four measurement waves over 32months resulting in 784 observations from 227 participants. Discontinuous growth curve modeling and joint lagged analyses supported our hypotheses. Our findings indicate that post-training processes are dynamic and that entrepreneurial self-efficacy is important to maintain high passion after training. Maintaining high passion after training eventually leads to business creation.
•We examine short- and long-term effects of entrepreneurship training on passion and business creation over 32 months•We model dynamic changes in passion after entrepreneurship training•Entrepreneurial self-efficacy sustains the effect of entrepreneurship training on passion over time•Maintaining high passion after training eventually leads to business creation in the long-run•Considering dynamic post-training processes is important for developing a theory of entrepreneurship training
This research examines how team members’ passion for innovation compiles to contribute to team innovation. We argue that team mean passion influences team innovation by affecting team reflexivity, ...which is a key team process for members to collectively reflect on and adjust their efforts toward achieving innovation goals. The indirect effect of mean passion on team innovation via team reflexivity depends on the nature of passion—harmonious passion (HP) versus obsessive passion (OP)—and the diversity of the corresponding type of passion. Results from a two‐wave field study of 131 teams and a three‐wave field study of 155 teams support the differential effects of compiled HP and OP. Moreover, the effect of mean HP on team reflexivity and its indirect effect on team innovation via reflexivity were less positive when HP diversity was higher rather than lower, while the effect of mean OP on team reflexivity and its indirect effect on team innovation via reflexivity were less negative when OP diversity was higher rather than lower. This research offers important theoretical and practical implications for literatures on passion, teams, and team innovation.
Pectin is a heteropolysaccharide obtained from primary cell walls of terrestrial plants, which is a very important raw material for food and pharmaceutical products. Extraction of pectin from the ...peels of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) under microwave-induced heating was investigated in the present study. Three types of acids (tartaric, acetic and nitric acid) were employed as extracting agents. The effect of extraction time and microwave-power on yield of pectin has been studied using the response surface methodology. The results indicate that exposure time and microwave-power significantly affects the yield of pectin extraction with both nitric and tartaric acids. However, the extractions using acetic acid were significantly affected only by the exposure time. For all scenarios, the highest yields were obtained when the highest levels of power and time were used (628 W and 9 min). Under these conditions, the yield of pectin obtained with nitric and acetic acids were 13 and 12.9% respectively. Tartaric acid emerged as the best extracting agent in terms of yield (18.2%), however, the obtained pectin exhibited low purity and low degree of esterification. Pectin extracted from passion fruit by employing acetic and nitric acid presented better properties: high molar mass (4.625 × 105 for acetic acid and 4.966 × 105 for nitric acid), degree of esterification (64.56% for acetic acid and 64.15% for nitric acid) and content of uronic acids (62.5% for acetic acid and 82.3% for nitric acid).
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•Microwave-induced extraction of pectin from passion fruit peels was investigated.•Tartaric, acetic and nitric acids were employed as extraction agents.•Maximum yield of pectin was obtained on employing tartaric acid for extraction.•Yield of pectin enhanced with increasing exposure time and power.•Extracted pectin evidenced a high degree of esterification.
While previous research has underlined entrepreneurial leadership as an effective style of leadership that promotes innovative behavior, little is known about the mechanisms by which CEOs' ...entrepreneurial leadership practices influence the innovative behavior of employees. Drawing on social cognitive theory, this study empirically examines whether creative self-efficacy and passion for inventing explain the process by which the entrepreneurial leadership of CEOs influences employees' innovative behavior in high-technology new ventures. Drawing on data from 310 employees working in 32 Iranian high-technology new ventures, and their respective CEOs, entrepreneurial leadership is found to foster employees' innovative behavior through the mediating mechanisms of creative self-efficacy and passion for inventing.
•The current study combines a person-centered and a variable-centered approach.•Cluster analysis was used to generate three groups of gamers based on their type of passion.•Potentially problematic ...gamers present a combination of dysfunctional traits and motivational profile.•Results support person-centered approaches to the treatment of problematic gaming.
Even if for most people playing video games is a healthy leisure activity, a minority of vulnerable users present an excessive use associated to negative consequences (e.g., psychosocial maladjustment, sleep interference) and functional impairment. The current study first aims to identify psychological factors that contribute to discriminate highly involved (but healthy) gamers from problematic gamers. For that purpose, we used a cluster analysis approach to identify different groups of gamers based on their profiles of passion towards gaming (using the Dualistic Model of Passion). Another objective of the present study is to explore, using supervised machine-learning, how gaming disorder symptoms, assessed within the substance use disorder framework (e.g., tolerance, withdrawal), might be linked to harmonious and/or an obsessive passion for gaming. Three distinct clusters of gamers were identified based on their passion profiles, including risky gamers, engaged gamers, and casual gamers. Supervised machine-learning algorithms identified that specific gaming disorder symptoms (salience, mood modification, tolerance, low level of conflict) were predominantly related to harmonious passion, whereas others (withdrawal, high level of conflict, relapse) were more directly related to obsessive passion. Our results support the relevance of person-centered approaches to the treatment of problematic gaming.
Extant research on passion is replete with individual-level studies. Although team-level studies have emerged, these empirical studies have adopted a static approach. We pivot from the predominant ...static focus on passion by examining passion convergence, or the dynamic pattern of increasing similarity in passion among members of a team. Drawing on multilevel theory of emergence in teams and using the novel consensus emergence model approach, we theorize the phenomenon of passion convergence and focus on how within-team experiences of progress and setback shape passion convergence. We also analyze the impact of passion convergence on team performance. Data from 314 individuals nested in 82 new venture teams indicate that experiencing team progress facilitated passion convergence, whereas experiencing team setbacks did not have a significant impact on passion convergence. Results also suggest that teams with members converging on a high level of passion positively predicted team performance. We discuss the theoretical and practical significance of our study.
People often feel passionate toward activities in sport. But passion can change, and we know very little about how or when passion for sport changes over time. Here, we present a hypothesis about ...how, when, and why passion changes over time-the seasonal attenuation of passion hypothesis-which predicts that levels of passion toward activities will tend to decline over the course of a season in sport. We tested this hypothesis in three studies with intercollegiate volleyball players (N = 421), intercollegiate athletes from various sports (N = 298), and fans of the Winnipeg Jets (N = 418). In each study, participants reported levels of passion (i.e., harmonious passion, obsessive passion, general passion) at either the start and end of a season (Study 1) or at the start, middle, and end of a season (Studies 2 and 3). Using latent change score modeling (Study 1) and latent growth modeling (Studies 2 and 3), we found that all scores of passion decreased over the course of each season. This has implications for our understanding of how passion changes over time, especially in sporting activities which are often organized in recurring seasons; there appears to be a tendency for a season to sap people's passion over time.
As the ongoing pandemic limited the lives of the general population, people engaged in their favorite activities; either in alternative ways or while disregarding the restrictions. These activities ...and people's engagement in such activities are considered to have a significant impact on mental health. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between two types of passion (harmonious passion and obsessive passion), fear of COVID-19, and mental distress. Thus, a total of 322 Japanese participants completed an online questionnaire. The results showed that harmonious passion (HP) was negatively related to mental distress. Conversely, obsessive passion (OP) was positively related to fear of COVID-19 and mental distress. The fear of COVID-19 had a positive relationship with mental distress. This study evidenced that HP is a protective factor against pandemics as it improves mental health during a pandemic. However, OP is a risk factor as it amplifies fear of COVID-19. Focusing on distinct types of passion may prove effective in improving mental health amidst the pandemic.
•Harmonious passion was negatively related to mental distress.•Obsessive passion was positively associated with fear of COVID-19 and mental distress.•Fear of COVID-19 had a positive relationship with mental distress.
In this paper, we examine the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial passion. Despite the advancement of entrepreneurship education literature and the increasing focus on ...entrepreneurship education in business schools, we lack empirical exploration on how entrepreneurship education can impact students' passion for founding new organizations. We hypothesize that students who take entrepreneurship classes would develop high levels of founding passion due to a great perception of skills and abilities that increase positive emotions and decrease negative emotions about the entrepreneurship process. Moreover, we draw on the literature on role models to suggest that students' entrepreneurial family background (students whose immediate family members are entrepreneurs) strengthens the influence of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial passion. Utilizing survey data collected from 160 university students, we found that entrepreneurship education positively influences students' founding passion and that this relationship is strengthened when students have entrepreneurs in their immediate family.
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