This study examines the relationship between permissive parenting style and atypical behaviour in preschool children, focusing on the mediating role of generalized anxiety. A community sample of 293 ...children, aged 3-5 years, were tested with measures assessed by parents and teachers. Regression analyses were employed. The psychometric tests used were: Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire - Mother Form, Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, Teacher Rating Scale, and Preschool Anxiety Scale - Parent version. Children whose parents have a permissive parenting style exhibit a high level of atypical behaviour, and a very high level of generalized anxiety. Generalized anxiety adds significant explanatory variance for atypical behaviour in preschool children over and above permissive parenting style. Generalized anxiety has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between father's permissive parenting style and atypical behaviour and a total mediating effect on the relationship between mother's permissive parenting style and atypical behaviour.
The Internet has experienced a rapid increase in use globally. Specifically, more than 90% of Hong Kong's citizens use the Internet, and 70% of children in the age group of 6-17 years have daily ...access to it. However, internet addiction could pose serious social and health issues. Therefore, conducting research to investigate its causes and risk factors is fundamental. The current study examined the relationship between worry and Internet addiction among children in Hong Kong and investigated the moderating effect of the permissive parenting style on such a relationship. The participants consisted of 227 fourth- and fifth-grade students (120 males, 52.9%) with a mean age of 9.55 (standard deviation (SD) = 0.58) in Hong Kong. Each participant was asked to complete the questionnaires, including the Internet Addiction Test for Internet addiction, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for Children for worry, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire for the permissive parenting style. The results indicated that worry was related to greater Internet addiction among children. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect of the permissive parenting style such that the positive association between worry and Internet addiction was stronger when the permissive parenting style was higher. Our findings imply that parenting styles are influential in the prevention of Internet addiction.
Current study was planned to find out the difference between the perceived parenting styles of drug addict and non-addict medical students. Total sample of the study was two hundred (N=200) medical ...students that comprised of one hundred addict (n=100) and one hundred (n=100) non-addict medical students with age range of 18 to 29 years. Data was collected from different medical colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa through convenient and snow ball techniques. Data was collected through adolescent’s alcohol and drug usage scale (Moberg, 1991)and parenting styles questionnaire (Buri, 1991) . The results of the study indicated that authoritative parenting style was significantly reported by non-addict medical students, whereas addict medical students reported higher scores on authoritarian parenting style. It can be therefore concluded from the findings of the study that parenting styles play a significant role in the mental wellbeing and promotion of healthy habits among youth. The study supports the idea that controlling parenting style may contribute to promote mental health problems among youth such as drug addiction.
Objectives Children of parents diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are at greater risk of psychopathology compared to children of healthy controls and parents diagnosed with another ...mental illness. Parental and child psychopathology are likely to be related via multiple pathways. The current study explored relationships between parental borderline symptom severity, parental empathy, parenting style, and child psychopathology.Methods Parents diagnosed with BPD were recruited to participate in an anonymous online survey. Sixty-four parents completed questionnaires assessing borderline symptom severity, parental empathy, and parenting style. Parental reports of child psychopathology were obtained for 64 children (aged 4–17) utilising the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated to investigate the relationships between variables. Two three-path serial mediation models were tested.Results Parental borderline symptom severity was negatively associated with parental empathy, and positively associated with maladaptive parenting styles. Parental borderline symptom severity was related to child psychopathology via two indirect pathways 1) authoritarian parenting style and 2) through parental empathy’s relationship with authoritarian parenting.Conclusions Future research is recommended to develop and evaluate parenting programme for parents experiencing borderline symptoms and their school-aged children.KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: While many people with borderline symptoms are capable parents, difficulties in some domains of parenting have been identified. The extant literature has a heavy focus on the perinatal period while studies of school-aged children of parents with borderline symptoms are limited. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions specific to this population of parents and children remains a gap in the literature. What this topic adds: Borderline symptom severity was related to child psychopathology via parental empathy’s association with authoritarian parenting. Children of parents who experience severe borderline symptoms may benefit from screening for internalising and externalising symptoms to aid early intervention. Interventions for this specific cohort of parents and children may consider parental psychopathology, parental empathy and maladaptive parenting styles as treatment targets.
To investigate the association between perceived primary parenting styles and attachment styles between single-parent children and children living with both parents.
The correlational study was ...conducted at the Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan, from September 2017 to March 2018, and comprised an equal number of children from single-parent families and those living with both the parents. Data was collected using the parental authority questionnaire and the Urdu version of the inventory of parental and peer attachment. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Of the 200 children, 100(50%) were in each of the two groups, and both the groups had 50(50%) girls and boys each. The overall mean age of the sample was 14.56±3.03 years (range: 11-18 years). There was a significant negative correlation between permissive parenting styles with mother's communication (p<0.05); authoritarian parenting style had negative correlation with parental communication and trust(p<0.001). Authoritative parenting had significant positive relationship with trust (p<0.001), and communication with parents (p<0.001), and there was negative relationship between authoritative parenting with feeling alienated from parents (p<0.01). Single-parent children perceived their parents as authoritarian (p<0.001) and had more alienated attachment with parents (p<0.001), whereas children living with both the parents had more trust (p<0.001) and had better communication with their parents (p<0.001).
It is important to understand the role of parents and different parenting styles in building up strong parentchild attachment.
Parenting styles are effective in the educational performance of their child. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the parenting styles and students' educational ...performance among Iranian girl high school students.
In a cross-sectional survey, female students in high schools of Ilam (Iran) evaluated during the academic year 2014-15. Multistage cluster random sampling was used to select the participants. Data were collected by two demographic and Baumrind's parenting styles questionnaire. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was measured as an index of internal identicalness of the questionnaire to verify its reliability.
A total 400 students were studied. The Mean±SD of the students' age were 14±1.08. The students' school grades were the first year of high school to pre-university course. The Mean±SD of parenting styles were 35.37±5.8, 34.69±6.34 and 19.17±6.64 for permissive parenting style, authoritarian parenting style and authoritative parenting styles, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the score of permissive parenting style (p= 0.001, r= 0.151), authoritarian parenting style (p= 0.001, r= 0.343) and authoritative parenting style (p=0. 001, r= 0.261) with the students' average score for studying.
The results of this study demonstrate that parental influence plays an important role in students' educational performance.
The systemic approach to family and the assumption that there is a correlation between patterns of family functioning and parenting styles are considered to be most appropriate when examining this ...problem. According to the Circumplex model proposed by Olson and his associates, balanced cohesion and flexibility are related to the democratic/authoritative parenting, which is the most desirable style from the standpoint of the developmental needs of a child. The aim of our study was to examine this assumption on a sample of students studying at the University of Nis (316 male and 268 female students). FACES IV (Olson et al., 2006) was applied for testing family relationships, while PSDQ questionnaire (Robinson et al., 2001) was used for testing parental styles. According to the results, balanced cohesion and flexibility correlate with all three sub-dimensions of the democratic/authoritative style: connection, regulation, and autonomy granting. Authoritarian parenting style correlates negatively with all the functional patterns of family functioning and positively with all the dysfunctional patterns of family functioning. Mother's permissiveness correlates positively only with the dysfunctional patterns of family functioning, enmeshed and chaotic. These findings support the hypothesis that the patterns of family functioning are reflected in the parenting style, which implies that interventions targeting the parenting model cannot significantly affect the principal model of family functioning. Focusing on the strengthening of parenting skills should be replaced by influencing the patterns of family functioning, in order for the effects of the intervention on the parental subsystem to be adequate and efficient.
This study aimed to examine associations between symptoms of eating disorders and parenting style, in a non-clinical sample. One hundred and five mothers completed self-report measures of eating ...disorder symptoms and parenting style. Higher levels of eating disorder symptoms were associated with more authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. Authoritative parenting was not significantly related to eating disorder symptoms. The findings demonstrate that eating disorder symptoms in non-clinical individuals are related to less adaptive parenting styles. These findings have potential implications for clinicians working with mothers with eating disorders.
The study explored a predictive model of substance use including perceived maternal parenting style, age and gender. Participants were 347 Albanian young adults (144 males and 203 females) aged 18 to ...28 years. They completed the Parental Authority Questionnaire and the Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Involvement Scale. Gender, perceived authoritative maternal style, and age predicted a proportion of substance use involvement. Gender and perceived authoritative maternal style also predicted the proportion of young people at risk for substance use or abuse. Implications of the findings and limitations of the study are discussed.
Parenting young children could be stressful at times and parenting stress could have an impact on parenting styles and child behavior problems which could lead to difficulties in later life. ...Therefore, the relationship among these three factors is worthy of examination. In this study we aim to examine the direct relationship between parenting stress, parenting styles, and perceived child behavior problems; and to investigate a model that illustrates the mediating role of negative (authoritarian and permissive) parenting styles on the relationship between parenting stress and perceived child behavior problems in China. A total of 371 parents with preschool age children (3 to 7 years old) were recruited. The results showed higher level of parenting stress was associated with higher level of reported child behavior problems. Parenting stress was positively related to negative parenting styles, and negative parenting styles partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and child behavior problems. Findings from this study suggested that reducing parenting stress, improving parenting behaviors such as parenting styles, and enhancing parent-child relationship through early support (e.g., parenting skills training) are of vital importance and mutual benefits to the parents, children, and family relationships at large.
Highlights
This study examines the relationships of parenting styles with parenting stress and child behavior problems in Chinese context.
Parenting stress was positively associated with child behavior problems.
Parenting stress was positively related to negative parenting styles.
Negative parenting styles partially mediated the relationship between parenting stress and child behavior problems.
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