The paper studies anthroponymic personification used for naming artefacts in professional and slang speech. The study is based on anthroponymic names recorded in the professional speech of workers ...(miners, railway and construction workers of the Perm Krai), in the jargon of social communities (youth, criminal, military, and other). The studied units were retrieved from jargon dictionaries, interviews and conversations with workers of Perm mining enterprises, the author’s own observations of the speech of jargon speakers in Perm and miners of the Kizelovsky coal basin. Anthroponymic personifications are considered as facts of subcultures, expressing their value attitudes, as well as a cognitive tool. Personification is regarded as a psychological phenomenon, a verbalization of ideas relating to the inner world of a person. In parallel, this is also a linguistic (semantic) process used for capturing new knowledge in the language, expressing evaluation of a particular object. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes and the means of personification in professional speech and jargons, and to analyze the functions of these names. It was found that the contextual animation of non-living things is a productive way of naming complex professional and highly specialized phenomena, particularly emotionally loaded. Giving human properties to objects of the production and technical sphere stresses their significance in the professional and social community and is used as a way of building professional knowledge. In addition, personification works as a form of a language game based on rethinking the cultural connotations of the word and manipulations with its material form.
Child abuse has been shown to increase the risk for chronic pain. The illness personification theory implies that individuals tend to ascribe humanlike characteristics to chronic pain, and that this ...personification is embedded in the way they cope with their chronic condition. Recent findings demonstrate that individuals who experienced interpersonal violence tend to personify chronic pain in a way that resonates with past abusive experience. Although findings prevail to the link between trauma and the experience of the body, the personification of chronic pain among individuals who experienced child abuse has not been examined before. This article includes two studies that tested whether child abuse is implicated in abusive chronic pain personification in a young adult female sample (Study 1) and among females who experienced child abuse (Study 2). In both studies, self-report measures of child abuse, posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, complex posttraumatic symptoms (disturbances of self-organization DSO), and abusive chronic pain personification were administered. Structural equation modeling was utilized to assess the hypotheses. The findings of the two studies showed a significant association between child abuse and pain personification. Whereas PTS symptoms did not mediate this link (Study 1), DSO symptoms mediated this association (Study 2). The findings of these studies support the understanding that the experience of interpersonal violence is engraved in the experience of the body, as reflected in abusive chronic pain personification. Disturbances in self-organization seem to underlie this process, thus pertaining to the link between the experience of the body, self, and interpersonal trauma.
The language of chronic pain Munday, Imogene; Kneebone, Ian; Newton-John, Toby
Disability and rehabilitation,
01/2021, Volume:
43, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Pain is a universal phenomenon, but is also inherently private and subjective - there's no objective test for its existence. Sufferers rely on language to describe their pain experience. The McGill ...Pain Questionnaire paved the way for incorporating language into pain assessment and recent research has explored aspects of pain language such as metaphors and grammatical patterns. This study investigated how chronic pain sufferers use language to describe their pain experience.
Three focus groups were conducted (N = 16, age 22-74 years, M = 46.6 years) with participants attending an outpatient chronic pain management program in Sydney, Australia. Participants were asked to describe aspects of their pain experience.
The language which participants utilized to talk about their pain experience.
Thematic analysis identified five superordinate themes: Isolation, Physical Sensations of Pain, Pain Personified, Pain as Overwhelming, and Coping with Pain. Across themes, participants relied on metaphorical language, which reflects the complex, multidimensional aspects of pain as well as the desire to effectively communicate it to others.
This study underscores research indicating the complexity of pain experience and hence pain language, and suggests that single word adjectival measures are inadequate to completely capture its complexity.
IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION
Chronic pain is now considered a disease in and of itself, with patient's pain language being an important study area due to the lack of objective tests for pain.
In both assessment and rehabilitation, patients rely on metaphorical pain language in order to facilitate understanding and garner support from others.
Pain metaphors may provide a useful target for interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, particularly when addressing catastrophic thinking patterns.
Literary critics have different views about personification as a literary device. Some have considered personification as a sub-branch of the makniye (implicit) metaphor, defining it as attributing ...human traits and emotions to objects, natural phenomena, and concepts. That is to say, using imagination, the poet describes those things as human beings. In this definition, the mind and imaginative power of the poet in exploring the similarities of those objects and personifying them are of great importance.Some have regarded it as a category of ontological metaphors and imaginal deviation, in which the poet conceives identification of two independent and separate things and thereby ascribes human activities, emotions, and thoughts to them. In fact, through personification, various entities, having never been compared up to now, are juxtaposed to cause artistic effects.Other critics believe in the principle of animism and suggestive appearance. They maintain that there are two mental approaches to animism: the "mythological" approach and the "psychological" approach. In the mythological approach, animism is a part of mythology. That is, having childlike fanciful mental activities, primitive simple-minded man believes everything in nature has a living soul or soulmate. Psychologically speaking, animism is a kind of return to childhood. The child's view of the world as an animate thing is one of the fundamental questions in psychology which was set forth both in Piaget’s theory of animism and Werner’s theory of physiognomic perception.Accordingly, some modern semiologists like Derrida, Levi Strauss, and Lacan believe that trope, metaphor (personification), majaz-e morsal (synecdoche), and irony belong to the realm of semiotics. They maintain that rhetorical techniques are not merely ornamental materials of style but they are, in the general sense of the word, structural components of discourse. In other words, treating metaphor as a meaning-generating factor, without reference to intertextual relations and structural layers of the text is impossible. What is important in the latter definition is that metaphor is a literary device whose meaning depends on the context in which it is utilized. To put it simply, a separate combination of words may be perceived as a makniye (implicit) metaphor, whereas it could be something quite different in the context. The same is true of personification.According to what is said and based on literary animism and suggestive appearance (third view), context, and structural layers of the text (fourth view), the writer believes that objects and phenomena, like humans, are animate and have their own feelings and emotions. This idea has been widely reflected in the Qur’an, hadiths, and literary works. On the other hand, context and structural layers of the text are good criteria that play an important role in recognizing personification. More precisely, it is from context and overall intertextual relations of the text that one can differentiate between personification and other similar literary devices.
This study aimed at finding out the figures of speech used by the government in the political language variation and the purposes to which they serve. On the basis of the data analysis, it was found ...that there are sixteen types of figures of speech contained in the political language variation, for example, euphemism, repetition, parallelism, personification, parable, anticlimax, sarcasm, trope, hyperbole, pleonasm, climax, antithesis, synecdoche, anaphor, allusion, and metonymy. The purposes of their uses are to vary sentences, to show respect, to express something in a polite manner, and to give an emphasis or stress meanings. The suggestion made in relation to the uses of the figures of speech in political language variation is for the authority (government) to use words or phrases that are simple to make it easy for the people to understand.
Personification in Arab poetry is not confined to the abstract items in nature: it trespasses them to include more than that. We found after reviewing the anthologies of the poets tens of the ...personified items are full of human attributes - via personification- such as speaking, moving, feeling human feelings.. Personification formed a remarkable feature in the relationship between poets and war, which was clear in the Pre-Islamic poetry, because it occupied the minds of the ancient Arab mindset. The poets have envisioned war as ugly as a force that brings destruction and devastation. The paper aims at stating the position in which poets personified war with female tributes. Thus, it is impregnated, conceived, and produced birth like a woman. War is personified into the level of women. The importance of the research is to clarify the ability of poets to employ humanities in the humanization of war, as the poets were able to get war away from its real sense (as an abstract meaning) by personifying it. It possessed many human traits; especially the traits of the female, such as tenderness and betrayal in their view the image of war and woman are identical taking the war into the level of human feelings, and endowing it with semantic dimension by personifying it. Personification was manifested in the best of its forms in the selected poems. The poets viewed war to the level of the female human nature in form and content.
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