Objective
The objective of this research is to understand the factors contributing to Latino adolescents' migration and entrance into U.S. agriculture.
Background
Adolescent Latino migrants pursuit ...of work in the United States could be considered a family strategy to generate income. However, little is known regarding the degree to which the decision to migrate for work depends on family financial need.
Method
In Study 1, a transcendental‐phenomenological approach explored views on migration and work choice among 20 (Mage = 17.75 years) adolescent Guatemalan and Mexican migrants in the southeastern United States. Based on Study 1 findings and in a separate sample (N = 36; Mage = 17.81 years), Study 2 examined migration decisions, farmwork, and their associations with cultural values, frequency of remittances, and family's financial dependency.
Results
Study 1 highlighted four major themes: “It was the best thing I could do,” “It was my decision,” “Farmwork just made sense,” and “This is just temporary.” Study 2 showed significant relationships between the decision to migrate to the United States and the decision to work in U.S. agriculture with Latino and U.S. mainstream values.
Conclusion
Adolescent Guatemalan and Mexican migrant farmworkers endorsed a bicultural orientation wherein temporary U.S. agricultural work contributed to family well‐being and getting ahead in life.
Implications
Adolescents' international migration for work is a complex reality wherein family and individual cultural values come together for family survival and prosperity. Future research should consider family interdependence among Latino parents and adolescents.
This article examines the impact of a crisis on small firms. Taking a phenomenological research approach, qualitative interviews were conducted to capture the experiences of small businesses directly ...affected by looting, vandalism and/or arson in the London 2011 riots. This study adds to the literature on crisis management by highlighting the different types of losses encountered by small businesses following a crisis and the role individual owner–managers, businesses and the wider community play in enhancing or minimizing losses. A model is developed to capture those factors that influence which small businesses were vulnerable or resilient to the riots.
Population intelligence quotients increased throughout the 20th century—a phenomenon known as the Flynn effect—although recent years have seen a slowdown or reversal of this trend in several ...countries. To distinguish between the large set of proposed explanations, we categorize hypothesized causal factors by whether they accommodate the existence of within-family Flynn effects. Using administrative register data and cognitive ability scores from military conscription data covering three decades of Norwegian birth cohorts (1962–1991), we show that the observed Flynn effect, its turning point, and subsequent decline can all be fully recovered from within-family variation. The analysis controls for all factors shared by siblings and finds no evidence for prominent causal hypotheses of the decline implicating genes and environmental factors that vary between, but not within, families.
In this inquiry I attempt to explore the lived experiences of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) survivors reflecting upon what they went through while undergoing treatment. I employ Interpretative ...Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method owing to its hermeneutic inclination with four drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) survivors, conducting one-on-one in-depth interviews multiple times capturing their narratives. I specifically find Giorgi's method of creating smaller meaning units from the transcribed data appealing and appropriate in reducing the data and to let themes emerge from them. Three major themes emerged out of combining the smaller meaning units, namely, "why me?", "to involve or not", and "incomprehensible future". I reflect upon these co-created narratives and attempt to explicate the rich descriptions of the lived experiences of the participants in first-person narrative.
You Look Fine! Kattari, Shanna K.; Olzman, Miranda; Hanna, Michele D.
Affilia,
11/2018, Volume:
33, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Much existing research on ableism focuses on individuals whose disabilities are more apparent to others. Using a phenomenological approach, this study interviewed 14 participants, exploring how ...people with “invisible” physical disabilities experience ableism. In addition to multiple examples of microaggressions, emergent themes included the policing of bodies, tension in roles, a desire for justice, and internalized ableism. Many of the participants recounted experiences of having bodies and actions policed by others, and several struggled with their role in educating others about policies, needs, and accommodations. The theme of desire for justice included frustration at having to educate others, the energy this education took, and the desire for overarching justice regarding ableism. The theme of internalized ableism reflected both explicit experiences of individuals sharing their self-judgment and ableist statements during interviews. These findings indicate the need for a more nuanced understanding by social workers of how ableism is experienced by those with invisible disabilities as well as additional research on how to support these members of the community.
The inability to communicate fluently is often accompanied by strong emotions: anger, frustration, shame and fear, however, it is not the rule. Experiencing stuttering is highly dependent on ...individual characteristics and personality traits. Emotional experiences of people who stutter are increasingly subject to analysis. Notwithstanding, there is a noticeable deficit of research concerning the experiences of people who stutter in daily contact with music, especially on the opera stage, hence the text presents a description of the opera singer’s career and experiences.
There is growing policy, practice, and research interest in reducing the treatment gap for adolescent depression in low- and middle-income countries, where 90% of the world's adolescents live. ...Despite increased efforts for adolescent depression services in these settings, there is a risk that services will not be utilized if initiatives are not culturally compelling. Therefore, we propose three considerations for culturally compelling programs and examine how these considerations can be defined using anthropological theories and methods. Consideration 1: public health problems are locally prioritized; Consideration 2: mechanisms of change are locally identified; Consideration 3: programs can be implemented by locally identified actors and institutions. We employed the anthropological concept of ethnotheories of adolescent development to elicit information for culturally compelling interventions using qualitative methods in Lagos, Nigeria, from November 2018 to November 2019. Participants included 13 teachers, 12 social workers, 11 mental health specialists, six health workers, four policy makers, and three parents. Transcripts were analyzed by three researchers using a framework approach (inter-rater reliability = 0.7). For the first consideration, locally defined adolescent mental health problems were aggression, irritability, poor academic performance, substance use, sexual behavior, and social withdrawal/isolation. For the second consideration, perceived mechanisms of change were providing protection from abuse, economic assistance, high-quality schooling, guidance from religious institutions, and emotional support. For the third consideration, key stakeholders were parents, religious leaders, teachers, and peers, with religious institutions and schools as key sites for services. Therefore, rather than be limited to an exclusive focus on interventions for clinical symptoms of depression delivered by mental health specialists in clinical settings, a culturally compelling intervention portfolio for adolescent depression would focus on these locally identified concerns and strategies. This research demonstrates how elucidation of stakeholders' perspectives of symptoms, supports, and structural factors can shape development of culturally compelling mental health initiatives.
•Medical anthropology ethnotheories can inform culturally compelling mental health interventions.•Culturally compelling interventions for adolescent depression need locally identified strategies.•Nigerian adults identify aggression and substance use among key risks for adolescent depression.•To prevent adolescent depression, stakeholders recommend strategies to reduce abuse and maltreatment, improve economic assistance, and provide religious guidance.
Nearly all psychiatric diseases involve alterations in subjective, lived experience. The scientific study of the biological basis of mental illness has generally focused on objective measures and ...observable behaviors, limiting the potential for our understanding of brain mechanisms of disease states and possible treatments. However, applying methods designed principally to interpret objective behavioral measures to the measurement and extrapolation of subjective states presents a number of challenges. In order to help bridge this gap, we draw on the tradition of phenomenology, a philosophical movement concerned with elucidating the structure of lived experience, which emerged in the early 20th century and influenced philosophy of mind, cognitive science, and psychiatry. A number of early phenomenologically-oriented psychiatrists made influential contributions to the field, but this approach retreated to the background as psychiatry moved towards more operationalized disease classifications. Recently, clinical-phenomenological research and viewpoints have re-emerged in the field. We argue that the potential for phenomenological research and methods to generate productive hypotheses about the neurobiological basis of psychiatric diseases has thus far been underappreciated. Using specific examples drawing on the subjective experience of mania and psychosis, we demonstrate that phenomenologically-oriented clinical studies can generate novel and fruitful propositions for neuroscientific investigation. Additionally, we outline a proposal for more rigorously integrating phenomenological investigations of subjective experience with the methods of modern neuroscience research, advocating a cross-species approach with a key role for human subjects research. Collaborative interaction between phenomenology, psychiatry, and neuroscience has the potential to move these fields towards a unified understanding of the biological basis of mental illness.
In this study, in order to improve the interface between the carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and polyurethane/epoxy resin IPNs matrix, we prepared a novel magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) containing ...polyaniline (PANI)-modified CIPs. Particles characterization results illustrate the changes of morphology, surface functional property, magnetic property and surface absorption behavior between the pure CIPs and PANI-modified CIPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows enhanced interfacial interaction of MRE. The test results of rheometer indicate that the MRE sample with PANI-modified CIPs exhibit larger storage modulus, smaller loss factor, and lower magnitude of Payne effect. The results also revealed that the MR performances, including the field-induced storage modulus and the storage modulus sensitivity, have also been promoted by improving the interfacial interaction between the CIPs and matrix. In addition, a modified phenomenological model is adopted to determine the influencing mechanism of Payne effect. The influences of interfacial interactions and magnetic field on the quantitative fitting parameters are discussed, and a relevant physical mechanism is proposed to qualitatively explain the mechanism.
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