Information behavior in activities that are freely chosen has been little explored. This article conceptualizes personally meaningful activities as a site for information behavior research. Personal ...meaning is discussed as a necessity for human beings. In the information age, there is an ethical directive for developers of information technology to promote and afford personally meaningful activities. This article builds on discussions of the pleasurable and profound in information science conceptually and empirically. First, it argues for the necessity of phenomenology in these discussions, which heretofore has been mostly absent. Next, it presents results from a qualitative, empirical study on information in personally meaningful activities. The empirical study uses interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine information experience in three domains of personal meaning: Bible reading, ultramarathon running, and art‐making. The following themes emerge and are discussed: identity, central practice, curiosity, and presence. Opportunities for technological development and further research are outlined.
Summary
Background
While rosacea is a chronic skin condition, it can often have a large psychosocial impact on the individual. There is therefore a need to understand the experience of living with ...rosacea from the patient perspective.
Objectives
To examine the experience of living with rosacea and the experience of seeking and receiving treatment.
Methods
Nine participants took part in semistructured interviews, which were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.
Results
Three superordinate themes were identified within the data: ‘self‐consciousness’, which focused on the fear of others assigning blame to participants for having caused symptoms; ‘avoidance, concealment and hiding emotions’, referring to the coping strategies participants employed in response to rosacea; and ‘inconsistencies in general practitioner treatment and guidance’, which focused on the need for medical professionals to assess the psychosocial well‐being of patients with rosacea.
Conclusions
Rosacea can have a negative impact on the daily life of people with the condition, contributing to lowered self‐esteem, embarrassment and feelings of shame. Engaging in emotion‐focused and behavioural/avoidant‐focused coping strategies increased participants’ confidence and reduced their avoidance of social situations. However, such strategies might still serve to maintain underlying unhelpful cognitive processes. Consequently, it is important for medical professionals to assess for the presence of cognitive factors that might contribute to maintaining distress in patients with rosacea, and where unhelpful thoughts or beliefs are reported, patients may need to be referred for psychological support.
What's already known about this topic?
Individuals with rosacea can experience social anxiety, depression and embarrassment and decreased quality of life.
Relatively few people with rosacea receive specialist dermatology treatment or psychological support.
What does this study add?
This is the first qualitative study to use interpretative phenomenological analysis to examine the lived experience of individuals with rosacea, and their experience of treatment.
The results indicate that emotion‐focused and behavioural/avoidant‐focused coping strategies are used to manage the negative impact of rosacea on individuals’ lives.
This study highlights the need for medical professionals to assess the psychosocial well‐being of patients with rosacea, in order for them to be referred to psychodermatology services if necessary.
What are the clinical implications of this work?
The study provides dermatology professionals with a nuanced account of the patient experience of rosacea.
This knowledge should facilitate the discussion and identification of psychosocial issues affecting patients.
Plain language summary available online
Respond to this article
This study aims to determine the cognitive, social, physical, and affective barriers that prevent academics from publishing and the enablers suggested to overcome these barriers. The study, using the ...phenomenological research method, involved semi-structured interviews conducted with 41 academicians differing in gender, branch, age, and experience. The deductive analysis of the obtained data showed that the academicians had cognitive difficulties especially in writing the IMRAD sections and writing in English. Their social barriers were found to include the difficulty of journal evaluation processes, the problems experienced in carrying out collaborative studies, and educational, administrative, and family responsibilities. The physical barriers included problems about time management, data collection process, and infrastructure. Lastly, the main affective barriers were not being in the right mood for writing, thinking that studies do not contribute to real life, fear of rejection, lack of self-confidence, and perfectionism. The academicians suggested various enablers, such as finding a good research topic, improving one’s English language skills, cooperating, and insisting on acceptance.
Aim
To explore and understand moral distress from the perspective of and as experienced by critical care nurses in Korea.
Background
The concept of moral distress among critical care nurses must be ...more broadly explored using a qualitative approach.
Design
Giorgi's phenomenological research approach was used.
Methods
A purposive sampling was used to select 14 critical care nurses. In‐depth face‐to‐face interviews were performed in Korea from March 2012–December 2013.
Findings
Five main themes of moral distress emerged: (1) ambivalence towards treatment and care (notably prioritizing work tasks over human dignity, unnecessary medical treatments and the compulsory application of restraints); (2) suffering resulting from a lack of ethical sensitivity; (3) dilemmas resulting from nurses' limited autonomy in treatments; (4) conflicts with physicians; and (5) conflicts with institutional policy.
Conclusion
Staff shortages are aggravated by high staff turnover caused by ethical suffering. The resulting lack of staff can, in turn, give rise to added ethical conflicts as part of a vicious circle, leading to decreased patient satisfaction.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the non-academic impact in supply chain management (SCM) research through the application of three distinctive approaches to phenomenological ...methodology in different contexts.
Design/methodology/approach
Evidence-based examples from three case studies using interpretivist, social constructivist and critical realist methodologies are presented. They reflect non-positivist approaches commonly used in phenomenological methodology and adopted in SCM investigative research.
Findings
Different types of non-academic reach and significance from each research methodology are discussed to illustrate the non-academic impact benefits from each case. The three distinctive phenomenological approaches have been shown to contribute to innovative research methodology development on their own philosophical merit and produced novel contributions to SCM research in particular.
Research limitations/implications
The non-academic impact examples have been shown to have wider influence and implication to business, the economy and society at large.
Originality/value
The paper highlights the relevance of phenomenological research methodology for SCM. It also contributes to the development of the SCM subject area and is hoped to encourage further reporting of non-academic impact of supply chain research.
Aims and objectives
To explore the lived experiences of family caregivers of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) patients.
Background
Patients with EB need long‐term care. Their family experiences physical ...and mental stress while proving that care. However, very little research has explored the family caregivers' actual lived experiences when caring for EB patients.
Design
This is a qualitative research using the phenomenological approach.
Methods
Data were collected with the assistance of the Taiwan Foundation for Rare Disorders (TFRD). Interviews were conducted between 2015 and 2017 with primary family caregivers (n = 10) who had cared for EB patients for at least five years. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's (1978) seven‐step phenomenological method. COREQ reporting guidelines were utilised.
Results
Four themes and eleven subthemes emerged after data analysis: (a) transformation and helplessness: changing expectations and helplessness associated with the rare, unknown disease; (b) mother's responsibility: mothers loving and protecting their children, surviving through adversity and challenges and self‐experiencing a child's pain; (c) physical and mental fatigue experienced by the whole family: physical and mental exhaustion, and unbalanced lives; and (d) adjustment and social support: providing mutual assistance to mitigate adversity, hopeful search for treatments, the importance of patient associations and rare disease foundations, and social assistance requirements.
Conclusion
Family caregivers experience many challenges when caring for EB patients and experience substantial stress and overwhelming burdens. Consequently, they would benefit greatly from various support systems to reduce the burden of caring for EB patients.
Relevance to clinical practice
Healthcare professionals can use the findings from this study to understand the circumstances faced by family caregivers and tailor care and education specifically to support each family's financial, social and household needs, thereby helping them reduce the stress of caring for EB patients.
Aim
A discussion of five prevalent tensions in phenomenological interviewing and ways to diminish them. A rigorous interviewer training program for novices is presented, grounded in the philosophy of ...Merleau‐Ponty, and delivered in the context of a transdisciplinary phenomenology research group that provides constructive critique and mentoring.
Design
Discussion Paper.
Data sources
Personal experience as a trainer of novice researchers for over 25 years, and classic and contemporary literature on phenomenological research methodology and interview technique.
Implications for nursing
Phenomenological methodology is one of the most widely used research approaches across the globe in nursing and other human science disciplines. Current nursing literature contains reports in which a phenomenological approach is espoused, but the procedures are not consistent with the tenets of phenomenological philosophy. In particular, problems related to interview technique are evident. Interview training is essential for development of skill in eliciting comprehensive descriptions of the phenomena of concern to nurses, such as chronic pain and spiritual distress. Enhancing nurses’ understanding of these phenomena ultimately impacts the provision of sensitive and compassionate care.
Conclusion
Tensions in phenomenological interviewing can be diminished by trainee grounding in phenomenological philosophy, bracketing and pilot interviews, constructive peer critique, and guidance of research mentors.
Impact
Problems in interview technique indicate the need to provide novice interviewers with rigorous training. A richly evocative interview is critical for powerful, credible, phenomenological research. This paper makes a unique contribution by identifying five tensions confronting the phenomenological interviewer, and ways to diminish them. Principles of the interviewer training program can be replicated in other locales by supervisors of student research in nursing and other human sciences.
摘要
目标
现象学采访中五种常见的紧张关系及其消除方法的讨论。以梅洛‐庞蒂的哲学为基础,在跨学科现象学研究小组的背景下,提供建设性的批评和指导,为初学者提供了严格的采访者培训计划。
设计
讨论性论文。
数据来源
拥有作为新手研究人员培训师25年以上的个人经验,以及借助有关于现象学研究方法和采访技巧的经典和当代文献。
对护理的启示
现象学方法是护理学和其他人文科学学科中应用最广泛的研究方法之一。目前的护理文献中有一些报道支持现象学的方法,但是这些方法并不符合现象学哲学的原则。尤其是采访技巧方面的问题,尤为显著。采访培训对于培养全面描述护士关注的现象(如慢性疼痛和精神痛苦)的技能至关重要。提高护士对这些现象的了解最终影响到提供敏感而富有同情心的护理。
结论
现象学采访中的紧张关系可以通过受训者扎根于现象学哲学、括号和试验性采访、建设性的同行批评和研究导师的指导而得到缓解。
影响
采访技巧方面的问题表明,需要为采访新手提供严格的培训。富有启发性的采访对于强有力、可信、现象学研究至关重要。本文通过识别现象学采访者所面临的五种紧张关系,以及消除紧张的方法,提供具有独特贡献度的观点。采访者培训计划的原则可以供其他地方由护理和其他人文科学领域的学生研究主管照搬使用。
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