Director Kelly Reichardt remembers being helped in the editing of her first feature film by Larry Fessenden. Also, she recalls the four-month process of cutting her latest film, "Certain Women."
Phalaenopsis is one of the most important ornamental crops and is frequently transported between continents. In this study, the effects of the duration and temperature of simulated dark shipping ...(SDS) and the temperature difference between cultivation greenhouses and shipping containers on the carbohydrate status and post-shipping performance were investigated. With a prolonged SDS from 0 to 40 days at 20 °C, the percentage of the vegetative Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’ plants with yellowed leaves increased from 0% to 50%, and the total carbohydrate contents in the shoot and roots gradually decreased over time. Furthermore, roots had greater reductions in glucose and fructose concentrations than the shoot after 40 days of SDS. After 7 days of SDS, the youngest bud and the nearly open bud on blooming plants of Phalaenopsis amabilis were found to be the most negatively affected among flowers and buds of all stages. These buds had lower soluble sugar concentrations and flower longevities compared with those of unshipped plants. The results of a temperature experiment showed that yellowing of the leaves and chilling injury (CI) occurred in Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’ after 21 days of SDS at 25 and 15 °C, respectively, regardless of pre-shipping temperature acclimation. However, 10 days of acclimation at 25/20 °C (day/night) before SDS reduced CI and reduced the time to inflorescence emergence. Higher accumulations of sucrose in the shoot and glucose and fructose in roots were found after 21 days of SDS at 15 °C compared with those at 25 and 20 °C. In conclusion, the carbohydrate status of Phalaenopsis was positively related to the post-performance quality. A reduction in the commercial quality after SDS may be attributed to a decline in carbohydrates. The optimal temperature for long-term dark shipping is 20 °C, and we recommend providing 10 days of lower-temperature acclimation (25/20 °C) before shipping to enhance the chilling tolerance and to promote early spiking of Phalaenopsis plants.
이 연구의 목적은 니콜라 부리오의 포스트프로덕션에 나타난 상호텍스트성에 분석하는데 있다. 연구방법은 모방에서 시작된 이미지 차용을 시작점으로 하여, 미술사에서 차용의 큰 흐름을 따라가며, 그 과정에서 형성되는 의미의 구조를 알레고리와 상호텍스트적 성격으로 분석한다. 또한, 포스트프로덕션의 형식 및 방법론과 기존 미술에서의 차용 사이의 유사점을 살펴본다. ...이어, 차용으로서의 포스트프로덕션에서 발견되는 상호텍스트적 성격을, 부리오가 『포스트프로덕션』에서 소개하는 리크리트 티라바니자와 다니엘 플룸의 작품을 중심으로 분석한다. 부리오는 1990년대 이후의 미술 실천에서 기존 작품들의 이미지와 형식을 차용하는 방식이 다수 발견된다고 주장한다. 전 세계는 인터넷 망으로 촘촘히 연결되어 있고, 시공간의 거리감은 동시대의 인터넷 공간을 통해, 사용가능한 문화적 생산물들의 다양함으로 전환된다. 포스트프로덕션의 방법론을 사용하는 작가들은 마치 DJ가 디제잉 프로그램을 다루는 것처럼, 이미지와 형식을 목록화하고, 편집하고, 재조합하는 방식으로 작품을 제작한다. 미술사에 풍부한 선례를 남긴 이미지 사용 방식인 ‘차용’은 포스트프로덕션에서도 중요한 방법론으로서 역할한다. 즉, 포스트프로덕션에서 차용은 형식의 구축과 의미 구조의 직조에 동시에 작용하여, 작품에 덧붙여진 이미지와 형식들이 텍스트로서 다면적 의미 구조를 만들어 낸다. 따라서 이 연구의 필요성은 기존의 차용 방식과 차이점을 보이는 포스트프로덕션을 바탕으로 동시대미술에서의 차용의 역할을 재확인하고, 구체적 사례를 통해 포스트프로덕션의 상호텍스트적 성격과 역할을 확인하는 데 있다. 티라바니자와 플룸은 비물질적 내러티브와 디제잉의 편집방식을 받아들여 작품의 접촉 경로를 확장시키고, 이를 통해 다면적 의미를 만들어내는 상호텍스트적인 특징을 보여준다.
The purpose of this research is to analyze the intertextuality manifested in the postproduction of Nicolas Bourriaud. The research method starts with the imitation and appropriation of images as a starting point, follows the major trends of appropriation in art history, and analyzes the structure of meaning formed in the process through allegory and intertextual characteristics. Furthermore, it examines the similarities between the forms and methodologies of postproduction and appropriation in traditional art. Subsequently, the intertextual characteristics found in postproduction as appropriation are analyzed, with a focus on the works of Rirkrit Tiravanija and Daniel Pflumm introduced by Bourriaud in his book “Postproduction.” Bourriaud claims that the practice of appropriating existing artworks’ images and forms has been found in numerous art practices since the 1990s. With the world tightly connected through the internet, the sense of spatial and temporal distance is transformed into the diversity of available cultural products through contemporary internet space. Artists using postproduction methodologies create their works by listing, editing, and recombining images and forms, much like a DJ manipulates DJing software. The image usage method, which has left rich precedents in art history, plays an important role as a methodology in postproduction as well. In other words, appropriation in postproduction simultaneously acts as a means of constructing form and weaving a textual structure of multiple meanings by appending images and forms to the artwork. Therefore, the necessity of this research lies in reaffirming the role of appropriation in contemporary art based on postproduction, which shows differences from conventional appropriation methods, and confirming the intertextual characteristics and roles of postproduction through specific cases. Tiravanija and Pflumm accept the editing style of non-material narratives and DJing, expanding the pathways of contact in their works and thereby creating multidimensional meanings through intertextual characteristics.
El interés fundamental de afrontar las posibilidades de exploración investigativa del programa de maestría en Estética y Creación de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira se centró en la búsqueda de ...ejes de articulación entre el diseño de modas y las representaciones estéticas y culturales relacionadas con las opciones y preferencias en el vestuario, así como las formas de disponer el cuerpo en los espacios de interacción cotidiana. De este modo, las búsquedas se concentraron en indagar las líneas conceptuales que permitieran configurar una mirada en perspectiva estética, de la moda y los comportamientos culturales relacionados con la acción de vestirse. Estos aspectos definieron campos de indagación concernientes a la articulación de prácticas estéticas en el entramado de las significaciones propias del existir, una búsqueda en la materialidad de transformaciones del individuo, como exterioridad que se manifiesta en sus objetos, accesorios y vestuario.
► We studied postproduction of bougainvillea bract abscission, respiration and carbohydrates using NAA and STS as treatments. ► NAA delayed bract abscission while STS had little effect. ► The more a ...bract respires and the higher the carbohydrate level, the shorter time it lasts. ► Plants with long lasting bracts use more carbohydrates since they have more bracts.
The aims of this work were to increase knowledge on the physiology of bract abscission in
Bougainvillea spectabilis ‘Killie Campbell’ plants with regard to respiration and carbon balance. Using the effects induced by silver shiosulphate (STS) and/or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA, at high concentration: 500
mg
L
−1) on bract abscission under interior conditions the relationship between bract survival time (longevity) and respiration rate or carbohydrate levels was investigated.
Treatments that included NAA significantly reduced bract abscission. Unexpectedly, the higher the levels of bract soluble and total carbohydrates, measured at day 10 postproduction (PP), the higher the abscission of bracts. These results show, for the first time, that abscission can be positively correlated with non-structural carbohydrate levels in the organ that abscises.
Bract respiration rate was significantly affected by treatment and PP day. Treatments that had higher bract respiration rates (WATER and STS) also had higher levels of non-structural carbohydrates in the bracts. Bract respiration rate decreased from day 10 to day 17 PP by approximately 50% (average of all treatments) and was negatively correlated with bract survival time.
In the carbon balance per gram of bract dry weight, the treatments WATER and STS, showed the largest decrease in the content of total carbohydrates and had the highest consumption of carbohydrates through respiration. These were the bracts therefore that needed to import a higher amount of carbohydrates per gram of bract dry weight. In the carbon balance for the total mass of bracts and adjacent stems in an average plant, the treatments WATER and STS showed the largest decreases in total carbohydrate during postproduction. However, contrary to the results per gram of bract dry weight, the highest total consumption of carbohydrates by respiration was obtained for the NAA and STS
+
NAA treatments. Thus bracts that last longer have lower individual carbon consumption while, at the plant level, the increased number of remaining bracts causes a higher overall expenditure.
Respiration rate has been used as an indicator of flower longevity and this correlation is here extended for the flower
+
bract system. Plants that had higher bract respiration rates, most probably, had a higher flow of carbohydrates through the bracts (and flowers), which, in the end, was sensed as a higher carbohydrate level.
Drought stress during the shipping and retailing of floriculture crops can reduce postproduction shelf life and marketability. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) mediates drought stress responses ...by closing stomata and reducing water loss. Applications of exogenous s-ABA effectively reduce water loss and allow a variety of species to survive temporary periods of drought stress. Unfortunately, s-ABA application can also lead to leaf chlorosis, which reduces the overall quality of economically important bedding plant species, including Viola xwittrockiana (pansy). The goal of this research was to determine how to prevent s-ABA-induced leaf chlorosis in pansy and a closely related species, Viola cornuta (viola). All concentrations of both spray (250 or 500 mg·L–1) and drench (125 or 250 mg·L–1) s-ABA applications induced leaf yellowing. Young plants at the plug stage and 11-cm finished plants with one to two open flowers were further evaluated to determine if the developmental stage of the plants influenced s-ABA effectiveness or the development of negative side effects. Both plugs and finished pansies and violas developed leaf chlorosis after s-ABA applications, but symptoms were generally more severe in finished plants. The individual application of benzyladenine (BA), gibberellic acid (GA4+7), or the ethylene perception inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene, before s-ABA application had no effect on the development of s-ABA-induced leaf chlorosis. However, applications of 5 or 10 mg·L–1 BA and GA4+7 as a mixture (BA + GA4+7) before a drench or spray application of s-ABA prevented leaf chlorosis. The application of s-ABA and BA + GA4+7 would allow floriculture crops to tolerate temporary periods of drought stress without any loss of postproduction quality.
The MXF Book Nick Wells; Bruce Devlin; Jim Wilkinson ...
06/2013
eBook
Written by a top team of industry professionals, this must-have guide will introduce you to everything you'll need to know about MXF. The MXF Book introduces and explains the MXF standard and helps ...engineers write MXF applications. The book also explains the reasons behind many details of the specification documents.
"The MXF Book introduces and explains the MXF standard and helps engineers write MXF applications. The book also explains the reasons behind many details of the specification documents." - SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal, Aug. 2006 "Written by a team of industry professionals, it introduces and explains the MXF standard and helps engineers write MXF applications. The book also explains the reasons behind many details of the specification documents." - Government Video, Aug. 2006
Introduction What is an MXF file? Case study - Usage and applications of MXF MXF Physical & Logistical Structures Constraining MXF - OP usage How to put essence into an MXF file DV in MXF D-10 & D-11 in MXF Long GoP MPEG and MXF Audio Uncompressed Data Streams and other mappings HD-CAM Introduction to User Metadata DMS-1 Metadata Scheme Roll your own metadata Index tables and their Applications Interoperability with AAF MXF AAF, UML and XML Implementers hints and tips Applications
3D TV and 3D Cinema Mendiburu, Bernard
2012, 20121112, 2011, 2011-03-03, 2012-11-12
eBook
Learn how to adapt your cinematography and production skills to this growing medium and be part of the movement. Master the unique technical requirements of shooting 3D stereoscopic images. 3DTV and ...3D Cinema defines the concept of a professional 3D camera system and describes what features are required to make a successful unit to keep your production on schedule and on budget. You will learn how to work with the complex hardware and software systems, with a section dedicated to the specific requirements of shooting for 3D cinema. 3D conversions, keying, and CG processes are analyzed, as well as the essential staging, lighting, set dressing, framing, and camera movement techniques. The theoretical knowledge is complemented with real-world examples of 3D TV and cinema productions that are analyzed by crew members or producers.
Don't waste valuable time and budget fixing your footage in post! Shoot the effects you want effectively and creatively the first time. This full-color step-by step guide to visual effects ...cinematography empowers you to plan out and execute visual effects shots on a budget, without falling into the common pitfall of using high-end computer graphics to "fix it in post," which can be an expensive, drawn out process. Instead, learn how to put your shots together before you start shooting–whether you're working in digital or film. Learn how to effectively photograph and create miniatures, matte paintings, green screen set ups, crowd replication, digital rear projection, and so much more to create elements that will composite together flawlessly. The main purpose of effects is to promote the story, not just to wow an audience with amazing tricks created digitally. This book describes methods for creating seamless effects that don't call attention to themselves but enhance the scene as a whole. The technical foundations of film and digital capture are given in the introductory chapters of the book, and you are presented with real world scenarios that illustrate these basic concepts in a practical sense. Step-by-step illustrations of photographic element creation empower you to learn how to effectively pre-plan and execute your own visual effects challenges. • Hundreds of full-color set photographs show you exactly how it's done • Includes step-by-step information on green screen setup • Real-world examples and exercises throughout
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