Provedenim istraživanjem priređeni su kompozitni materijali na osnovi poli(metil-metakrilata) i poli(metil-metakrilat-ko-dimetilaminoetil-metakrilata) s nanocelulozom u udjelu 1, 2,5 i 5 mas. %. ...Metodom ex situ iz otopine dobivena je homogena raspodjela nanopunila u polimernoj matrici. Kromatografijom isključenja po veličini ustanovljeno je da jaka smična sila primijenjena pri homogenizaciji uzrokuje pucanje najvećih molekula polimera i time blago smanjenje prosjeka molekulskih masa polimerne matrice. Veća staklišta kompozita u odnosu na čiste polimerne matrice i porast staklišta s povećanjem udjela punila potvrđuju homogenost raspodjele i kompatiblnost nanoceluloze s istraživanim metakrilatnim matricama. Dodavanjem nanoceluloze povećava se hidrofilnost materijala, što olakšava tisak i može pogodovati njihovoj primjeni kao ambalažnih materijala.
V članku prikazujemo analizo učnih priprav, ki jih je ustvaril veliki jezikovni model ChatGPT, in se sprašujemo, kakšen vir informacij lahko tovrstne priprave predstavljajo (bodočim) učiteljem in ...učiteljicam nemščine.
Ugotavljamo, da so učne priprave, ki jih ponudi ChatGPT, podobne običajnim zgledom načrta za učno enoto, kot jih poznamo v praksi. ChatGPT predlaga tako strukturni kot tudi procesni del didaktične enote. Čeprav je strukturni del glede na prakso nekoliko pomanjkljiv, a se vseeno z izpisom zadovoljimo, pa se več problematičnih točk pojavlja v procesnem delu generiranih priprav. Predlagane dejavnosti za doseganje določenega učnega cilja so pogosto premalo osredinjene na učenca in učenje. Učenec sicer sodeluje v učnem procesu, vendar je njegova vloga omejena pretežno na vadenje in urjenje, ni pa zaznati aktivne participacije pri odločitvah. Glavni posredovalec znanja je učitelj, saj učenja z odkrivanjem ali raziskovanjem ali problemskega pristopa skoraj nismo zasledili. Vsebinsko so učne priprave popolnoma prazne, saj ne vsebujejo nobenih napotkov, katero konkretno vsebino se pri določeni učni uri obravnava. ChatGPT pri izdelavi priprav ne upošteva dovolj natančno razlik glede na stopnje, določene po SEJO. Terminološko ChatGPT poskrbi za pravo zmedo, saj nekatere ustaljene izraze s področja didaktike in tujejezikovne didaktike popolnoma napačno uporablja, nekatere med seboj pomeša ali občasno uporabi termine, ki so v slovenščini neustrezni.
Kljub veliko pomanjkljivostim, ki smo jih prepoznali, pa vseeno lahko to orodje bodočim učiteljem in učiteljicam pomaga pri uresničevanju nekaterih didaktično-metodičnih načel sodobnega pouka tujega jezika, saj v pripravah najdemo tudi dobre primere dejavnosti za spodbujanje interakcije, avtomatizacije in evalvacije. Da bi bodoči učitelji in učiteljice nemščine nevarnosti in določene potenciale ChatGPT-ja znali izluščiti, pa jim je v času študija nujno treba omogočiti, da v luči različnih teorij izdelke ChatGPT-ja kritično vrednotijo.
Cohesive soils are found all over the world and can cause significant harm to infrastructure and structures. Many innovative ways to improve the strength of cohesive soils are being explored to ...decrease the negative qualities and make them appropriate for construction applications. The availability of novel materials, in addition to traditional procedures, has boosted the area of soil reinforcement. In the realm of soil stabilisation, the inclusion of nanomaterials is one of the newest creative ideas. In geotechnical engineering, nanotechnology could be viewed as dual methods: the composition of the soil can be found at the nanoscale, and soil modification can be accomplished at the atomic and molecular levels. The goal of this research is to see if it is possible to stabilise cohesive soil using two distinct nanomaterials and to look at the changes in geotechnical parameters. Nanocrystalline magnesium oxide and nano zinc oxide is included in the soil with (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1) w/% and trials were executed to evaluate the optimal percent and strength properties of the mixtures.
Confession and the Eucharist are two sacraments that should pervade the entire preparation of catechetical groups for the First Communion in parishes. The celebration of the First Holy Communion is a ...joyful, important, and great event in the life of the first communicants, but also in the life of the parish community. For the celebration ceremony of the First Communion to be truly a celebration for the first communicants, their families, and the entire parish community, it is necessary to design, plan and program a systematic, quality, and above all a life and faith enriching preparation for the sacraments of Confession and Holy Communion, or the Eucharist, which should include all the necessary participants of the preparation.
Therefore, the first part of the article talks about the participants of the preparation for the sacraments of Confession and Holy Communion: first communicants, their parents, the parish priest, catechists in the parish community and religious instructors in school, and the entire parish community.
U prvom dijelu autor ističe kako je navještaj Božje riječi sastavan dio bogoslužja u kojem se riječ i čin otajstveno ostvaruju. Zato je u Crkvi od početaka bila ustrojena služba čitača. Tijekom ...stoljeća tu su službu preuzeli zaređeni službenici. Nakon liturgijske reforme – s pojavom narodnoga jezika u bogoslužju – ponovno se uvode čitači. Autor zatim govori o daljnjoj i bližoj pripravi čitača za navještaj Božje riječi u bogoslužju. Daljnja priprava sastojala bi se od teološko-liturgijskih elemenata te od praktičnih vježbi čitanja. Predlaže se neakademski način priprave koji bi se sastojao od seminara i vježbi na osnovu pripravljenih materijala, što bi redovito bilo na nadžupnoj razini. Bliža priprava bila bi tjedni sastanak čitača u kojem bi se dao egzegetski uvod u pojedino čitanje, nakon čega bi slijedila vježba čitanja prema određenim pravilima. Na koncu autor problematizira neriješena pitanja u općoj Crkvi glede postavljenih (institucionalnih) službi čitača i čitača privremenim odabirom, (temporanea deputatione) jer se, u praksi, u institucionalnu službu čitača u nas redovito uvode samo kandidati za svećeništvo, dok su – pravno gledajući – čitači privremenim odabirom osobe koje godinama obavljaju tu službu.
In the first part, the author points out that the
proclamation of the Word of God is an integral part of the liturgy in which the
word and act are mysteriously realized. That is why, in the Church, the ministry
of the reader has been established from the beginning. Over the centuries, this
ministry has been taken over by ordained ministers. After the liturgical reform
– with the arrival of the vernacular in liturgy – readers were reintroduced.
The author then talks about remote and immediate preparation of readers for the
proclamation of the Word of God in liturgy. Remote preparation would consist of
theological-liturgical elements and practical reading exercises. A “non-academic”
method of preparation is proposed, consisting of seminars and exercises based
on prepared materials, which would regularly occur at a higher than parish
level. Immediate preparation would be a weekly meeting of readers consisting of
an exegetical introduction to individual readings followed by a reading
exercise according to certain rules. In the end, the author discusses the
unresolved issues in the general Church regarding the
instituted
readers
and readers by
temporary deputation
(
temporanea deputatione
),
since, in practice, only candidates for the priesthood are regularly introduced
into the instituted ministry of the reader, while – legally speaking – readers
by
temporary deputation
are people who have been carrying out this ministry
for years.
This paper is dedicated to the theological-pastoral elaboration of the question of approaching the elements, stages and perspectives of the marriage and family pastoral care in the post-synodal ...apostolic exhortation of Pope Francis Amoris Laetitia, with special attention being paid to the subject of marital and family spirituality. The marriage and family pastoral care is one of the most difficult areas of church activity today. In the exhortation, Pope Francis looks at it from a broader perspective by framing it into a contemporary social and pastoral context. In this regard, the Pope also elaborates certain, we could say, priority tasks which the Church today has been called to realize more strongly in this area of its activities. Regarding the elements, stages and perspectives of the marriage and family pastoral care, and the family spirituality, we examine these tasks and priorities in the paper by following the order and the dynamics of developing the themes present in the exhortation itself, while keeping in mind some of the challenges from the pastoral situation in Croatia.
This book presents the fundamentals of wireless communications and services, explaining in detail what RF spectrum management is, why it is important, which are the authorities regulating the use of ...spectrum, and how is it managed and enforced at the international, regional and national levels. The book offers insights to the engineering, regulatory, economic, legal, management policy-making aspects involved. Real-world case studies are presented to depict the various approaches in different countries, and valuable lessons are drawn. The topics are addressed by engineers, advocates and economists employed by national and international spectrum regulators. The book is a tool that will allow the international regional and national regulators to better manage the RF spectrum, and will help operators and suppliers of wireless communications to better understand their regulators.
PDF
