As New Space rises, the gap between the actions of space powers and international space policy continues to widen. The identified theme is the continual break between the actions of actors in the use ...of the space domain and existing international policy and law that designates the use of space as a global commons and for peaceful uses. This paper concludes that it is increasingly dangerous to forgo developing a proper governance system for space amid the rising rates of militarization and weaponization in the domain, as well as privatization of space activities. While creating a new governance structure for outer space with collaborative efforts around the globe will be difficult, ignoring the problem is destabilizing to geopolitics.
This article aims to present, from a historical perspective, the main legal instruments on access to land, based on authors who have studied the agrarian issue in Brazil, namely: Joao Pedro Stedile ...(2011), Jose de Souza Martins (1980), Marcia Maria Mendes Motta (1998), Maria Ligia Osorio Silva (1996, 1997), Ruy Cirne Lima (1954), among others. It also aims to demonstrate how legislation has advanced in the process of recognizing the socio-environmental function of property while it brought ambiguities that have led to regression in terms of a fairer and more equitable distribution of land, essential to human needs, such as housing and food. The materials used to prepare the article came from primary and secondary sources collected through bibliographic and documentary research. KEYWORDS: property of land, socio-environmental function of property, Brazilian legislation. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, numa perspectiva historica, os principais instrumentos juridicos sobre o acesso a terra, a partir de autores que estudaram a questao agraria no Brasil, a saber: Joao Pedro Stedile (2011), Jose de Souza Martins (1980), Marcia Maria Mendes Motta (1998), Maria Ligia Osorio Silva (1996, 1997), Ruy Cirne Lima (1954), entre outros. Tambem visa demonstrar como a legislacao avancou no processo de reconhecimento da funcao socioambiental da propriedade ao mesmo tempo em que trouxe ambiguidades que tem levado a um retrocesso em termos de uma distribuicao mais justa e equitativa de terras, essenciais as necessidades humanas, como a habitacao e comida. Os materiais utilizados na elaboracao do artigo foram provenientes de fontes primarias e secundarias coletadas por meio de pesquisas bibliograficas e documentais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: propriedade da terra, funcao socioambiental da propriedade, legislacao brasileira.
Türkiye özelleştirme programını ilk başlatan ülkelerden biri olmasına rağmen bu programın uygulanma hızı oldukça yavaş kalmıştır. Özelleştirme programı kapsamına alınan kamu iktisadi teşebbüsleri ...(KİT'ler) uzun süre programda kalmaya devam etmişler, bazı KİT'ler ise hiç kapsama alınmamışlardır. Bu durum, KİT'lerin nasıl bir sıralamayla özelleştirme programı kapsamına alındıkları ve kapsama alınan KİT'lerin özelleştirilmelerine kadar geçen sürede nasıl bir yeniden yapılandırmadan geçtikleri sorularını beraberinde getirmektedir. Zira, hangi KİT'lerin özelleştirilmek üzere seçildikleri ve seçilen KİT'lerde hayata geçirilen yeniden yapılandırma faaliyetleri özelleştirmelerin başarısını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla Türkiye üzerine bu konuda yapılmış bir araştırma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma bahsedilen bu boşluğu doldurmak amacıyla, 1990-2001 döneminde hangi özellikleri taşıyan KİT'lerin özelleştirme programı kapsamına alındığı ve kapsama dahil edilen KİT'lerde ne tür bir yeniden yapılandırmaya gidildiğini analiz etmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, iktidarların özelleştirilmeleri daha kolay olan KİT'leri özelleştirme programı kapsamına almayı tercih ettiklerini göstermektedir. Çalışmanın diğer bir sonucu, özelleştirme programı kapsamına alınan KİT'lerde özellikle kapsama alınmayı takip eden ilk sene içinde çeşitli yeniden yapılandırma faaliyetleri yürütülmüş olduğudur.
The other invisible hand Le Grand, Julian
2008, 2007., 20090110, 2009, 2007, 2007-01-01, 20070101
eBook, Book
How can we ensure high-quality public services such as health care and education? Governments spend huge amounts of public money on public services such as health, education, and social care, and yet ...the services that are actually delivered are often low quality, inefficiently run, unresponsive to their users, and inequitable in their distribution. In this book, Julian Le Grand argues that the best solution is to offer choice to users and to encourage competition among providers. Le Grand has just completed a period as policy advisor working within the British government at the highest levels, and from this he has gained evidence to support his earlier theoretical work and has experienced the political reality of putting public policy theory into practice. He examines four ways of delivering public services: trust; targets and performance management; "voice"; and choice and competition. He argues that, although all of these have their merits, in most situations policies that rely on extending choice and competition among providers have the most potential for delivering high-quality, efficient, responsive, and equitable services. But it is important that the relevant policies be appropriately designed, and this book provides a detailed discussion of the principal features that these policies should have in the context of health care and education. It concludes with a discussion of the politics of choice.
A new revolution in homeownership and living has been sweeping the booming cities of China. This time the main actors on the social stage are not peasants, migrants, or working-class proletariats but ...middle-class professionals and entrepreneurs in search of a private paradise in a society now dominated by consumerism. No longer seeking happiness and fulfillment through collective sacrifice and socialist ideals, they hope to find material comfort and social distinction in newly constructed gated communities. This quest for the good life is profoundly transforming the physical and social landscapes of urban China.
Li Zhang, who is from Kunming, the capital of Yunnan province, turns a keen ethnographic eye on her hometown. She combines her analysis of larger political and social issues with fine-grained details about the profound spatial, cultural, and political effects of the shift in the way Chinese urban residents live their lives and think about themselves.In Search of Paradiseis a deeply informed account of how the rise of private homeownership is reconfiguring urban space, class subjects, gender selfhood, and ways of life in the reform era.
New, seemingly individualistic lifestyles mark a dramatic move away from yearning for a social utopia under Maoist socialism. Yet the privatization of property and urban living have engendered a simultaneous movement of public engagement among homeowners as they confront the encroaching power of the developers. This double movement of privatized living and public sphere activism, Zhang finds, is a distinctive feature of the cultural politics of the middle classes in contemporary China. Theoretically sophisticated and highly accessible, Zhang's account will appeal not only to those interested in China but also to anyone interested in spatial politics, middle-class culture, and postsocialist governing in a globalizing world.
Scholars in the Marketplace is a case study of market-based reforms at Uganda's Makerere University. With the World Bank heralding neoliberal reform at Makerere as the model for the transformation of ...higher education in Africa, it has implications for the whole continent. At the global level, the Makerere case exemplifies the fate of public universities in a market-oriented and capital friendly era. The Makerere reform began in the 1990s and was based on the premise that higher education is more of a private than a public good. Instead of pitting the public against the private, and the state against the market, this book shifts the terms of the debate toward a third alternative than explores different relations between the two. The book distinguishes between privatisation and commercialisation, two processes that drove the Makerere reform. It argues that whereas privatisation (the entry of privately sponsored students) is compatible with a public university where priorities are publicly set, commercialisation (financial and administrative autonomy for each faculty to design a market-responsive curriculum) inevitably leads to a market determination of priorities in a public university. The book warns against commercialisation of public universities as the subversion of public institutions for private purposes.
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