What's wrong with foreign aid? Many policymakers, aid practitioners, and scholars have called into question its ability to increase economic growth, alleviate poverty, or promote social development. ...At the macro level, only tenuous links between development aid and improved living conditions have been found. At the micro level, only a few programs outlast donor support and even fewer appear to achieve lasting improvements. The authors of this book argue that much of aid's failure is related to the institutions that structure its delivery. These institutions govern the complex relationships between the main actors in the aid delivery system and often generate a series of perverse incentives that promote inefficient and unsustainable outcomes. In their analysis, the authors apply the theoretical insights of the new institutional economics to several settings. First, they investigate the institutions of Sida, the Swedish aid agency, to analyze how that aid agency's institutions can produce incentives inimical to desired outcomes, contrary to the desires of its own staff. Second, the authors use cases from India, a country with low aid dependence, and Zambia, a country with high aid dependence, to explore how institutions on the ground in recipient countries also mediate the effectiveness of aid. Throughout the book, the authors offer suggestions about how to improve aid's effectiveness. These suggestions include how to structure evaluations in order to improve outcomes, how to employ agency staff to gain from their on-the-ground experience, and how to engage stakeholders as "owners" in the design, resource mobilization, learning, and evaluation processes of development assistance programs. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/0199278849/toc.html Contributors to this volume - Krister Andersson, Center for the Study of Institutions, Population and Environmental Change, Indiana University Matthew R. Auer, Associate Professor of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University Roy Gardner, Professor of Economics, Indiana University Clark C. Gibson, Associate Professor of Political Science, University of California Elinor Ostrom, Professor of Government, Indiana University Sujai Shivakumar, National Research Council, Washington D.C. Christopher J. Waller, Chair of Economics, University of Notre Dame
Since its beginning in 1893, coordination chemistry has been evolving constantly, and it has become a fundamental pillar for chemical sciences, from catalysis to materials. After two years of ...restrictions due to the pandemic, the 44th International Conference on Coordination Chemistry (ICCC) took place in Rimini (Italy) in August 2022. It was the occasion for over thousand chemists to share their research projects, some of which are showcased in this Special Collection. Guest Editors Emma Gallo (University of Milan), Anna Proust (Sorbonne University Paris), and Claudio Pettinari (University of Camerino) summarize the excellent results in the “44th ICCC” Special Collection.
The Special Collection “44th ICCC” showcases research articles and reviews discussed at the 44th gathering of the prestigious International Conference on Coordination Chemistry (ICCC). Guest Editors briefly introduce the excellent research in this collection.
Abstract only Introduction Intraarterial thrombolytic treatment after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in patients with large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke may improve the odds of achieving complete ...reperfusion and favorable functional outcome at 90 days. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of intraarterial Tenecteplase (IA TNK) as an adjunctive therapy to mechanical thrombectomy in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion. The primary safety endpoint is the rate of symptomatic ICH within 24 hours of treatment with IA TNK. The primary efficacy endpoint is the proportion of patients with improvement of reperfusion. The secondary endpoints included final revascularization grade, discharge mortality, and any intracranial hemorrhage. Methods ALLY is a prospective, single‐center, single‐arm pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05172934). The study enrolled adult patients ≥18 and ≤85 years with large vessel (ICA or MCA) occlusion, with pre‐morbid mRS ≤3 who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and achieved incomplete reperfusion with a final TICI score of 2b and 2C. All enrolled subjects received at least one dose of 1.5 mg IA TNK. Additional treatments were administered at the discretion of the operator to a maximum of 4.5 mg IA TNK. Treatments were administered as a bolus in 3 divided doses given 5 minutes apart, with angiographic runs obtained before and after the final treatment. All patients had imaging follow up (MRI of CT) after 24 hours of treatment. Clinical assessment was completed with NIHSS and mRS scales. Angiographic and imaging data were adjudicated by an independent core laboratory. Results ALLY is a prospective, single‐center, single‐arm pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05172934). The study enrolled adult patients ≥18 and ≤85 years with large vessel (ICA or MCA) occlusion, with pre‐morbid mRS ≤3 who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and achieved incomplete reperfusion with a final TICI score of 2b and 2C. All enrolled subjects received at least one dose of 1.5 mg IA TNK. Additional treatments were administered at the discretion of the operator to a maximum of 4.5 mg IA TNK. Treatments were administered as a bolus in 3 divided doses given 5 minutes apart, with angiographic runs obtained before and after the final treatment. All patients had imaging follow up (MRI of CT) after 24 hours of treatment. Clinical assessment was completed with NIHSS and mRS scales. Angiographic and imaging data were adjudicated by an independent core laboratory. Conclusion Ally pilot study demonstrated that adjunctive intraarterial Tenecteplase to mechanical thrombectomy was safe and feasible without major complications. Although there was no change in final reperfusion TICI score, there was evidence of improved distal perfusion on angiographic images.
Benefits are the principal reason why an organization may seek to enact change through programmes and projects. The discipline of identification, definition, planning, tracking and realization of ...benefits is recognized to be instrumental in achieving organizational strategy. In this study, we describe the results of a cross-national comparison of public sector benefits management (BM) practices in Australia, Canada, the UK and the USA. It explores 'BM practices in action', considering to what extent 'espoused' or 'mandated' frameworks are actually practised and perceived by their users. Employing qualitative analysis, semi-structured interview data were analysed from 46 participants with experience in sponsoring, managing and/or reviewing government projects. The results expose considerable variation in the adoption and standardization of BM frameworks from inter and intragovernmental perspectives. We evidence a strong focus on benefits identification across the data set, specifically at the outset (the business case stage seeking project approval) and observe deterioration in focus as the project or programme progresses through the authorization (or assurance) approval gates towards close-out and operations. The results further emphasize the prominence of political interest, leadership buy-in, a benefits-driven culture and a transparent benefits reporting mechanism in the implementation of 'effective' BM frameworks.
Project and strategic management scholarship recognises the importance of project capabilities that allow firms to deliver projects. Although work on project capabilities is a fast-growing line of ...inquiry, little is still known about how clients assemble project capabilities to achieve operational outcomes in inter-organisational settings. This study seeks to apply theoretical work on project capabilities to the domain of infrastructure project delivery in order to understand how the assembly of project capabilities in temporary inter-organisational settings contributes to the delivery of operational outcomes. The empirical enquiry takes place in the context of the delivery of London Heathrow Terminal 2. Through an inductive theory building approach drawing upon semi-structured interviews with client-side project leadership, internal documents, publicly available data and ongoing engagement with the field, we identified three key capability-enabling mechanisms that help explain the genesis of project capabilities in inter-organisational settings: (1) reconfiguring project capabilities, (2) adapting project capabilities and (3) maintaining project capabilities. We discuss and expand these findings by engaging with theoretical ideas from project studies, and mainstream strategy, organisation, and management research to induce a dynamic model that can be helpful to guide future research, policy and management practices relating to the client side management of project capabilities.
•Paper focuses on project capabilities (PCs) for operational outcomes in inter-organisational settings.•Paper presents an inductive qualitative study of the delivery of London Heathrow Terminal 2.•Findings suggest three key capability-enabling mechanisms in the case project.•Findings are used to develop a dynamic PC model for operational outcomes in inter-organisational settings.•Paper concludes with theoretical contributions for project and strategic management scholarship.
•Large-scale projects extend over and operate in highly complex and dynamic institutional fields.•Large-scale projects influence and are influenced by their institutional fields in a recursive ...process.•Institutional influence is fundamentally reflected under cultural-cognitive elements and the vertical dimensions – the industry – that entails various types of authorities.•Managing these projects encompasses temporary adjustments, symbolic legitimation in response to the institutional field's complexity.
Heeding recent calls for more studies on the relationship between projects and institutions, this paper reports on a collaborative case study to shed light on the recursive relations of large-scale projects and their institutional fields. Given the industry as the field-level institution, this study explores how two project organizations experienced the industry changes, its influence on the arrangement of large-scale projects, and the management response used to legitimize these arrangements. The qualitative secondary data analysis of two High-Speed rail projects in Spain and The Netherlands is based on semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. This paper provides the institutional fields’ contextual detail and deepens our understanding of temporal institutional complexity that bound large-scale project arrangements. The findings suggest that in both cases the management responses altered across time and evolved depending on the salience of the institutional pressure, through the interplay with 1) regulative, 2) normative, and 3) dynamic cultural-cognitive forces, resulting in cycles of project legitimacy.
Political corruption is especially relevant for large-scale projects because of their popularity among politicians and citizens alike, as well as their inherent qualities. The goal of this study is ...to find out about the causes, methods, occurrences, and effects of political corruption in large-scale infrastructure projects in Nigeria. The investigation uses a case analysis of Lagos-Ibadan Highway and was divided into two stages: the 1999–2009 political era and the 2010–2019 political era. The information was gathered through document and report analysis. The symptomatic investigation of the political corruption of the Lagos-Ibadan Highway was guided by a conceptual model based on symptoms. Within-case and cross-case comparative theme analysis were performed on the dataset. The investigation indicated how the occurrence of patronage, influence peddling, embezzlement, and biased law enforcement can explain political corruption in the highway project. The investigation resulted in a better understanding of the reasons for the project's failure and abandonment. The knowledge can be used to prevent political corruption in public projects and to lay the groundwork for long-term infrastructure development. This study was limited because it was unable to provide unambiguous evidence to prove that political corruption occurred in the case study.
Contesting Development Barron, Patrick; Woolcock, Michael; Diprose, Rachael
02/2011
eBook
This pathbreaking book analyzes a highly successful participatory development program in Indonesia, exploring its distinctive origins and design principles and its impacts on local conflict dynamics ...and social institutions.
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