Objectives. Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a disorder characterized by pelvic pain and varying degrees of inflammation exhibited in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS). ...To provide objective parameters of inflammation, we measured the cytokines interleukin 8 (IL-8) and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 (ENA-78) in EPS of healthy men, men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), men with bacterial prostatitis (BP), and men with chronic prostatitis/CPPS.
Methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of the EPS for IL-8 and ENA-78 were done in 63 men: control (n = 9), BPH (n = 6), BP (n = 3), inflammatory CPPS (National Institutes of Health NIH category IIIa) (n = 17), noninflammatory CPPS (NIH category IIIb) (n = 17), and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis (NIH category IV) (n = 11).
Results. IL-8 was detectable in all patients, and ENA-78 was detectable in all except 2 patients (threshold of detection 10 pg/mL for IL-8, 15 pg/mL for ENA-78). Mean levels of IL-8 ENA-78 were similar in control (3010 pg/mL 423 pg/mL), BPH (3341 pg/mL 98 pg/mL), and IIIb (2751 pg/mL 335 pg/mL) groups. Both cytokine levels were higher in BP (11,175 pg/mL 13,761 pg/mL), IIIa (10,418 pg/mL 2240 pg/mL), and IV (8571 pg/mL 1865 pg/mL) groups. A statistically significant difference between the control group versus BP, IIIa, and IV (
P <0.05) groups was found for IL-8 but not for ENA-78.
Conclusions. IL-8 and ENA-78 are frequently elevated in the EPS of men with BP, CPPS IIIa, and asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis category IV. These cytokines are direct mediators of leukocyte accumulation and activation at inflammatory sites and may be responsible, in part, for the presence of inflammatory reaction in the prostate.
The aim of this study was to estimate the concentration of milk true protein (TP) by mid-infrared absorbance method (MIR) in samples from bulk tank of dairy herds, and to determine the correlation ...between the results of TP of milk determined by Kjeldahl and MIR. Forty nine dairy herds were selected (17 Holstein, 6 Jersey and 26 Girolando) for monthly collections of samples from bulk tanks during the period of one year (284 samples). Fat, lactose, crude protein and total solids were firstly determined by MIR, and then analyzed for total and true protein by Kjeldahl method. The regression equation to estimate TP contents based on MIR crude protein determination was as follows: TP = 0.0021 + (1.0104 x CP), where: TIP is the content of true protein, CP is the crude protein content determined by the MIR method, and 0.0155 is the model error term. Key words: dairy cow, milk composition, protein determination. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o teor de proteina verdadeira (PV) do leite por meio de metodologia de espectroscopia na regiao do infravermelho medio (IVM), em amostras de tanque de rebanhos leiteiros comerciais, e determinar a correlacao entre os resultados de proteina verdadeira do leite determinados pelo metodo de Kjeldahl e por IVM. Foram selecionados 49 rebanhos leiteiros (17 da raca Holandesa, seis da raca Jersey e 26 da raca Girolando) para coletas mensais de amostras de leite de tanque durante o periodo de um ano, totalizando 284 amostras analisadas. As amostras de leite foram analisadas inicialmente em relacao aos teores de gordura, lactose, proteina bruta e solidos totais por IVM, sendo em seguida analisadas quanto ao teor de PB e PV pelo metodo de Kjeldahl. A equacao de regressao para estimativa do teor de PV com base nos teores de proteina bruta foi a seguinte: PV = 0,0021 + (1,0104 x PB); em que: PV e o teor de proteina verdadeira estimado; PB e o teor de proteina bruta pelo metodo IVM e 0,0155 e o erro apresentado pelo modelo. Palavras-chave: vaca leiteira, composicao do leite, determinacao de proteina.
The precise mechanism of the therapeutic effects of fucoidan (sulphated polyfucose) on cultured hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells is as yet unclear.
Protein components between fucoidan-treated and ...non-treated HepG2 cells were compared through a quantitative micro-sequencing method.
A dramatic and immediate increment of the membrane compartment and a decrement of RNA virus by fucoidan, as an effect of the Ishi-Mozuku (an edible brown seaweed Mozuku of Japan), are demonstrated. The ratio of membrane glycoproteins to total cellular proteins increases from 28.9% to 43.2% (1.5-fold), and the positive-sense single-stranded RNA viral proteins among the total cellular proteins decrease from 5.3% to 0.29% (18-fold), respectively, in response to 0.102 mg/ml fucoidan in HepG2 cells over three days' period.
Fucoidan seems to retard the growth of HepG2 cells through membrane glycoprotein metabolism. Therefore, fucoidan could be expected to have a therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma.
This is the first report of cobalt-tetrasulfonatophthalocyanine (CoTSPc) as a probe of Rayleigh light scattering (RLS) to determine proteins at nanogram levels. A highly sensitive method has been ...developed for the determination of proteins by the light scattering technique on a common spectrofluorimeter, based on the fact that the weak RLS of CoTSPc can be greatly enhanced in the presence of proteins. Under optimum conditions, the linear ranges of the calibration curves were 0.10–34.3
μg
mL
−1 for both human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin, with detection limits of 15.5 and 13.9
ng
mL
−1, respectively. Moreover, there is almost no interference of any amino acids and metal ions. The method has been applied to the direct determination of total proteins in human serum samples, and the results were satisfactory with clinical data provided.
Samples taken from different manufacturing stages of Feta cheese whey protein concentrates (WPCs), with 65 and 35% total protein content, were analyzed by chemical methods and by reversed-phase HPLC ...and by size-exclusion chromatography. Mean total protein content of Feta cheese whey was 1.37%. 22% of total nitrogen (TN) was non-protein N (NPN) and 12% was proteose–peptone N (PPN). The mean native N (NN), NPN and PPN percentages of WPC 65 and 35%, were 63 and 71%, 10 and 14%, 0.08 and 0.08%, respectively. According to reversed-phase HPLC data, the percentages of
β-Lg and
α-La and their ratio were high; 56.5 and 59% of native proteins of whey and of WPC powders, respectively, were
β-Lg. The respective
α-La percentages were 13.1 and 14.1% and the respective caseino-macropeptide (CMP) percentages were 12.9 and 15.3%. Apart from ultrafiltration, the most critical stage for nitrogenous fraction composition was the evaporation process before spray drying.
A novel miniaturizable method to quantify antigens is described in form of a cluster linked immunosorbent assay (CLISA), using inexpensive nitrocellulose (
NC
) membranes as a support for ...dot-blotting the antigens. Antibodies for detection are labeled with gold-colloid clusters (
GCC
). After blocking of the membrane with non reacting protein and application of the
GCC
-labeled antibodies the signal is detectable by visual colorimetry and can be compared to a color scale prepared from a dilution series of known sample concentrations. The color reaction product is stable for a very long time and does not fade. The sensitivity of the method is comparable to that of ELISA if not better and furthermore needs only small amounts of antibody for detection or for
GCC
-labeling. This method is an alternative to the use of expensive enzyme-conjugated antibodies for a number of applications, such as tracking of antibodies during purification or hapten inhibition tests.
Common analytical challenges impact current work to estimate the cost of converting plant biomass to fermentable sugars. The most noteworthy are measuring cellulase and hemicellulase activities, ...cellulase and hemicellulase protein, biomass compositions (before and after pretreatment), and the products formed. The use of high-throughput (HTP) methods has shown considerable promise for improving both analytical precision and technician efficiency, but can also present pitfalls regarding experimental accuracy and relevance. Recent work demonstrates that HTP systems which include biomass composition analysis, thermal chemical pretreatment, and biomass saccharification can be realized.
A new resonance light scattering (RLS) probe for determining proteins is presented. The weak RLS of pyronine Y-SDS can be enhanced substantially by adding proteins in the presence of H₂SO₄, resulting ...in a strong and wide RLS band in the region 310-425 nm. The interaction of pyronine Y-SDS with proteins was studied on the basis of this behavior and a new quantitative method was developed for determining proteins. The enhanced RLS intensity is proportional to the concentration of proteins in the range 0.15-3.6 μg mL-¹ for bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 0.06-4.8 μg mL-¹ for human serum albumin (HSA), with detection limits of 21.0 and 12.0 ng mL-¹, respectively. This method is characterized by high sensitivity, rapidity of reaction, and simplicity. Four synthetic samples were determined satisfactorily and recovery was 99.5-101.5%. Results for human serum and urine samples were in agreement with those obtained by the Bradford method, with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 1.5-3.1%.
In pH 4.5–4.8 Britton‐Robinson buffer solution, rifamycin SV (i.e. rifamycin sodium) can react with serum albumin such as human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form ...macromolecular complexes by electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic force. As a result, the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) of the drug was enhanced remarkably and the RRS peaks were at 374 and 552 nm. The enhancement of RRS (ΔI) is directly proportional to the concentration of HSA or BSA. The linear ranges and the detection limits are 0.03–6.0 µg/mL and 9.0 ng/mL for HSA, and 0.01–8.0 µg/mL and 2.0 ng/mL for BSA, respectively. In this work, a sensitive, selective, simple and fast method for the determination of trace amounts of serum albumin by RRS technique has been developed, which was applied to the determination of serum albumin in the synthesized samples and human urine samples with satisfactory results.
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