This report presents an analysis of the early childhood development (ECD) programs and policies which affect young children in Mauritius. It is part of a series of reports prepared by the World Bank ...using the systems approach for better education results (SABER)-ECD framework and includes analysis of early learning, health, nutrition, and social and child protection policies and interventions in Mauritius, along with some regional and international comparisons. The Government of Mauritius (GoM) runs free public preschools, and gives cash transfers to private schools for every child enrolled. The GoM offers free public healthcare, including essential health and nutrition services for pregnant women and young children. While the GoM has implemented important ECD policies and programs, some aspects of the legal framework and systems to monitor and assure quality can be improved.
The main objective of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of HIV and health financing needs, investment opportunities, and health system development in the context of the Government of ...Niger's HIV National Strategic Plan (NSP) 2013-17. The analysis provides support for HIV policy decision-making, investment scenarios and programmatic targeting and prioritization. In addition, the analysis helps Niger build the case for HIV and health impact investment including delivering estimates of health care savings as a result of these investments. The analysis was implemented by the World Bank in collaboration with UNAIDS from a request for analytical support from the Government of Niger. The study involved a desk review of HIV- and health-related evidence, epidemic trends and financial modeling. The Optima model (formerly Prevtool) was used to estimate optimal resource allocation during the NSP, and the impact and cost-effectiveness of past HIV investments. A financial commitment framework was used to estimate longer-term costs and savings of the HIV program and the fiscal dimension of HIV in Niger.
This toolkit draws on the expertise of public health practitioners who have experience with public health surveillance and who have recognized the core role of surveillance in public health. These ...practitioners have advocated for surveillance programs, supplied innovative ideas, and provided insightful critiques over many years. This toolkit also draws on the experience of Bank staff and technical experts from the PAHO and the CDC who have contributed to Bank missions. The toolkit also makes use of WHO references, primarily those from the WHO s Web site. Part A of this toolkit provides some theoretical concepts, and knowledge about surveillance that has been gained through applying these concepts and the practice of surveillance in developing countries. Part B provides information that will be useful to Task Managers as they prepare loans for strengthening public health surveillance systems. Several World Bank experiences are shared. The focus of part B is on practical aspects of surveillance and on lessons learned.
This report presents an analysis of the Early Childhood Development (ECD) programs and policies that affect young children in Nigeria and recommendations to move forward. This report is part of a ...series of reports prepared by the World Bank using the SABER-ECD framework and includes analysis of early learning, health, nutrition and social and child protection policies and interventions in Nigeria, along with regional and international comparisons. Data on ECD policies and programs were collected through the SABER-ECD exercise in Bauchi, Ekiti, Kwara, and Oyo states. The SABER-ECD initiative is designed to enable ECD policy makers and development partners to identify opportunities for further development of effective ECD systems. This Country Report presents a framework to compare Nigeria s ECD system with other countries in goals and corresponding nine policy levers are examined in detail and some policy options are identified to strengthen ECD services that are offered. Table 15 summarizes the key policy options identified to inform policy dialogue and improve the provision of essential ECD services in Nigeria to ensure that all young children have a strong start in life and the opportunity to reach their full potential.
This report presents an analysis of the Early Childhood Development (ECD) programs and policies that affect young children in Seychelles. This report is part of a series of reports prepared by the ...World Bank using the SABER ECD framework and includes analysis of early learning, health, nutrition, and social and child protection policies and interventions in Seychelles, along with regional and International comparisons. The SABER ECD initiative is designed to enable ECD policymakers and development partners identify opportunities for further development of effective ECD systems. The SABER ECD classification system does not rank countries according to any overall scoring; rather, it is intended to share information on how different ECD systems address the same policy challenges. This country report presents a framework to compare Seychelles ECD system with other countries in the region and internationally. Each of the nine policy levers are examined in detail and some policy options are identified to strengthen ECD are offered.
The purpose of this report is to assess the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) problem in Indonesia. It builds on to the Indonesia landscape analysis country assessment (LACA) report, which found ...that overweight and underweight co-existed among young children, confirming that the DBM is already a concern in Indonesia. The focus of the LACA was on maternal and child under nutrition and especially on the extent of scaling-up of an essential package of interventions for improving maternal and child under nutrition. The focus of this report is on over nutrition, it also looks at how under nutrition contributes to this problem across the life course, including the links to the non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and especially those that are diet-related such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia , and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The assessment is based on information collected during a visit to Jakarta and Yogyakarta in late November 2011 when interviews were held with the key actors involved in DBM problems in Indonesia. The report describes what the DBM means as well as what its consequences are, examines the DBM situation in Indonesia, and makes recommendations on what actions should be taken to both prevent and mitigate problems across the life course.
Violent conflict is a pervasive feature of the recent global landscape which has lasting impacts on human capital and these impacts are seldom gender neutral. Death and destruction alter the ...structure and dynamics of households, including their demographic profiles and traditional gender roles. To date, attention to the gender impacts of conflict has focused almost exclusively on sexual and gender-based violence. The authors show that a far wider set of gender issues must be considered to better document the human consequences of war and to design effective postconflict policies. The emerging empirical evidence is organized using a framework that identifies both the differential impacts of violent conflict on males and females (first-round impacts) and the role of gender inequality in framing adaptive responses to conflict (second-round impacts). War's mortality burden is disproportionately borne by males, whereas women and children constitute a majority of refugees and the displaced. Indirect war impacts on health are more equally distributed between the genders. Conflicts create households headed by widows who can be especially vulnerable to intergenerational poverty. Second-round impacts can provide opportunities for women in work and politics triggered by the absence of men. Households adapt to conflict with changes in marriage and fertility, migration, investments in children's health and schooling, and the distribution of labor between the genders. The impacts of conflict are heterogeneous and can either increase or decrease preexisting gender inequalities. Describing these gender differential effects is a first step toward developing evidence-based conflict prevention and postconflict policy.
This report presents an analysis of the Early Childhood Development (ECD) programs and policies which affect young children in Tajikistan. This report is part of a series of reports prepared by the ...World Bank using the Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)-ECD framework. Tajikistan has a population of 7.76 million people, of which 35 percent are below the age of 15. Unlike some countries in the region, Tajikistan has a positive population growth rate. SABER-ECD collects, analyzes and disseminates comprehensive information on ECD policies around the world. In each participating country, extensive multi- sectoral information is collected on ECD policies and programs through a desk review of available government documents, data and literature, and interviews with a range of ECD stakeholders, including government officials, service providers, civil society, development partners and scholars. SABER-ECD identifies three core policy goals that countries should address to ensure optimal ECD outcomes: establishing an enabling environment, implementing widely and monitoring and assuring quality. Improving ECD requires an integrated approach to address all three goals. Tajikistan has taken steps to develop and adopt national laws and regulations that promote appropriate dietary consumption by pregnant women and young children.
This report presents an analysis of the Early Childhood Development (ECD) programs and policies that affect young children in Uganda and recommendations to move forward. This report is part of a ...series of reports prepared by the World Bank using the Systems Approach for Better Education Results (SABER)-ECD framework1 and includes analysis of early learning, health, nutrition and social and child protection policies and interventions in Uganda, along with regional and international comparisons. Uganda's population is estimated at 35.8 million people, of which almost half (49.9 percent) is below 14 years of age. SABER-ECD collects, analyzes and disseminates comprehensive information on ECD policies around the world. In each participating country, extensive multi-sectoral information is collected on ECD policies and programs through a desk review of available government documents, data and literature, and interviews with a range of ECD stakeholders, including government officials, service providers, civil society, development partners and scholars. The SABER-ECD framework presents a holistic and integrated assessment of how the overall policy environment in a country affects young children's development. SABER-ECD identifies three core policy goals that countries should address to ensure optimal ECD outcomes: establishing an enabling environment, implementing widely and monitoring and assuring quality. Improving ECD requires an integrated approach to address all three goals.
