In November 2018, the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) established rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (RAST), which could be performed directly on positive ...blood culture samples. Although concentrations of antimicrobial agents in several antimicrobial disks available in Japan are different from those recommended by the EUCAST, the feasibility of EUCAST RAST using antimicrobial disks available in Japan remains to be evaluated.
Blood culture bottles spiked with 127 clinical isolates (65 Escherichia coli and 62 Klebsiella pneumoniae) were tested by RAST for cefotaxime (CTX), ceftazidime (CAZ), meropenem, and ciprofloxacin using antimicrobial disks available in Japan, and compared with a reference AST method using automated AST instrument (VITEK®2).
The overall category agreement (CA) for RAST using antimicrobial disks available in Japan was 96.3%, 96.8%, and 95.6% after 4, 6, and 8 h of incubations, respectively.
However, the CAZ RAST for E. coli showed major error of 8.2% (8 h incubation) for the Sensi disk, 14.3% (6 h incubation), and 24.5% (8 h incubation) for the KB disk.
The CTX RAST for K. pneumoniae showed 25% (4 h incubation) and 31.3% (4 h incubation) of very major error for the Sensi and KB disks, respectively.
The EUCAST RAST results for E. coli and K. pneumoniae using antimicrobial disks available in Japan suggest their usefulness, although modified RAST breakpoints are required for several antimicrobial agents.
U ovom se članku promišlja o stvarnosti i pojmu milosrđa kako ga je iskusila i razumjela sveta Terezija Avilska. Ujedno se želi vidjeti koliko su njezina iskustva i promišljanja aktualna i izazovna ...za današnju teologiju. U prvome se dijelu pokušava pokazati aktualnost milosrđa kao teološke teme te u tom smislu i sustavno-teološki promišljati o milosrđu kod svete Terezije. Pokazat će se kako je milosrđe ne samo velika tema nego i polazište Terezijine teologije. U drugome se dijelu promišlja o odnosu milosrđa i spasenja. Iz toga se odnosa ponajbolje može shvatiti presudno značenje Božjega milosrđa za čovjeka. Tu će se tematizirati i tema mogućnosti vječne propasti te će se kroz predstavljanja nekih Terezijinih misli ponuditi poticaji za teologiju. U trećem dijelu pokazuje se kako je prema shvaćanju svete Terezije milosrđe konstanta duhovnoga života, stvarnost koja prati čitavi duhovni rast.
In questo articolo riflettiamo sulla realtà e sul concetto di misericordia come ne ha fatto esperienza e come viene inteso da santa Teresa d’Avila. Allo stesso tempo, desideriamo vedere quanto le sue esperienze e le sue riflessioni siano attuali e rappresentino una sfida per la teologia odierna. Nella prima parte cerchiamo di mostrare l’attualità della misericordia come concetto teologico e, in tal senso, riflettere pure in modo sistematico-teologico sulla misericordia in santa Teresa. Verrà dimostrato che la misericordia non è solo una tematica importante, ma anche il punto di partenza della teologia teresiana. Nella seconda parte svilupperemo l’importante tematica riguardante il rapporto fra misericordia e salvezza. Dall’osservazione di questo rapporto possiamo capire nel migliore dei modi il significato cruciale della misericordia divina per l’uomo. Qui verrà tematizzata anche la tematica della possibilità della dannazione eterna e verranno offerti, tramite la presentazione di alcune riflessioni teresiane, degli stimoli per la teologia. Nella terza parte viene mostrato come secondo santa Teresa la misericordia sia una costante della vita spirituale, una realtà che accompagna l’intera crescita spirituale.
Decay heat (DH) is the heat produced through a radioactive decay of fission products during or after a reactor operation. It is known as the second largest source of power in the core after fission. ...Being such a strong contributor to reactor power, it should be accurately determined at any time of reactor operation. Currently, there are two main approaches for DH estimation used in reactor simulation codes. One approach is based on careful inventorying of all produced target nuclides and their individual contributions to total power. Alternatively, the other popular approach is based on collapsing all target fission products into a small number of groups similar to delayed neutron estimation techniques. However, the last (multigroup) method currently has limitations when used in some transient scenarios such as transients occurred in fresh fuel.
In this study, the multigroup method was further developed for reducing limitations while retaining the advantage in computation speed. Then, it was implemented into Reactor Analysis code for Steady state and Transient (RAST-K) and tested against other codes. As a result, the improved method was found capable of determining DH power at all tested stages of reactor operation under any tested operation scenario. In particular, the test simulations using the improved method showed better results in those scenarios that were under accuracy limitations of the original multigroup method. Overall, the quality of transient calculations in RAST-K was improved when using the newly implemented DH module.
Real-world tools to build your venture, grow your business, and avoid mistakes Startup, Scaleup, Screwup is an expert guide for emerging and established businesses to accelerate growth, facilitate ...scalability, and keep pace with the rapidly changing economic landscape. The contemporary marketplace is more dynamic than ever before—increased global competition, the impact of digital transformation, and disruptive innovation factors require businesses to implement agile management and business strategies to compete and thrive. This indispensable book provides business leaders and entrepreneurs the tools and guidance to meet growth and scalability challenges head on. Equal parts motivation and practical application, this book answers the questions every business leader asks from the startup ventures to established companies. Covering topics including funding options, employee hiring, product-market validation, remote team management, agile scaling, and the business lifecycle, this essential resource provides a solid approach to grow at the right pace and stay lean. This book will enable you to: * Apply 42 effective tools to sustain and accelerate your business growth * Avoid the mistakes and pitfalls associated with rapid business growth or organizational change * Develop a clear growth plan to integrate into your overall business model * Structure your business for rapid scaling and efficient management Startup, Scaleup, Screwup: 42 Tools to Accelerate Lean & Agile Business Growth is a must-read for entrepreneurs, founders, managers, and senior executives. Author Jurgen Appelo shares his wisdom on the creative economy, agile management, innovation marketing, and organizational change to provide a comprehensive guide to business growth. Practical methods and expert advice make this book an essential addition to any business professional's library.
This study aimed to verify and validate the transient simulation capability of the hybrid code system RAST-F for fast reactor analysis. For this purpose, control rod (CR) drop experiments involving ...eight separate CRs and six CR groups in the China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) start-up tests were utilized to simulate the CR drop transient. The RAST-F numerical solution, including the neutron population, time-dependent reactivity, and CR worth, was compared against the measurement values obtained from two out-of-core detectors. Moreover, the time-dependent reactivity and CR worth from RAST-F were verified against the results obtained by the Monte Carlo code Serpent using continuous energy nuclear data. A code-to-code comparison between Serpent and RAST-F showed good agreement in terms of time-dependent reactivity and CR worth. The discrepancy was less than 160 pcm for reactivity and less than 110 pcm for CR worth. RAST-F solution was almost identical to the measurement data in terms of neutron population and reactivity. All the calculated CR worth results agreed with experimental results within two standard deviations of experimental uncertainty for all CRs and CR groups. This work demonstrates that the RAST-F code system can be a potential tool for analyzing time-dependent phenomena in fast reactors.
The feasibility of using the Monte Carlo code MCS to generate multigroup cross sections for nodal diffusion simulations RAST-F of liquid metal fast reactors is investigated in this paper. The ...performance of the MCS/RAST-F code system is assessed using steady-state simulations of the ANTS-100e core. The results show good agreement between MCS/RAST-F and MCS reference solutions, with a keff difference of less than 77 pcm and root-mean-square differences in radial and axial power of less than 0.5% and 0.25%, respectively. Furthermore, the MCS/RAST-F reactivity feedback coefficients are within three standard deviations of the MCS coefficients. To validate the internal thermal-hydraulic (TH) feedback capability in RAST-F code, the coupled neutronic/TH1D simulation of ANTS-100e is performed using the case matrix obtained from MCS branch calculations. The results are compared to those obtained using the MARS-LBE system code and show good agreement with relative temperature differences in fuel and coolant of less than 0.8%. This study demonstrates that the MCS/RAST-F code system can produce accurate results for core steady-state neutronic calculations and for coupled neutronic/TH simulations.
This paper presents the verification and validation (V&V) of the STREAM/RAST-K 2.0 code system for a pressurized water reactor (PWR) analysis. A lattice physics code STREAM and a nodal diffusion code ...RAST-K 2.0 have been developed by a computational reactor physics and experiment laboratory (CORE) of Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) for an accurate two-step PWR analysis. The calculation modules of each code were already verified against various benchmark problems, whereas this paper focuses on the V&V of linked code system. Three PWR type reactor cores, OPR-1000, three-loop Westinghouse reactor core, and APR-1400, are selected as V&V target plants. This code system, for verification, is compared against the conventional code systems used for the calculations in nuclear design reports (NDRs) and validated against measured plant data. Compared parameters are as follows: critical boron concentration (CBC), axial shape index (ASI), assembly-wise power distribution, burnup distribution and peaking factors. STREAM/RAST-K 2.0 shows the RMS error of critical boron concentration within 20 ppm, and the RMS error of assembly power within 1.34% for all the cycles of all reactors. Keywords: Verification and validation, PWR core, Two-step approach, STREAM, RAST-K 2.0
The Tapirus indicus, also known as Malayan tapir, has been listed as a rapidly declining animal species in the past decades, along with being declared and categorized as an endangered species by the ...International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) 2016. This tapir species is geographically distributed across several countries in Southeast Asia such as Peninsular Malaysia, Indonesia (Sumatra), South Thailand, and Myanmar. Amongst these countries, the Peninsula Malaysia forest is recorded to contain the highest number of Malayan tapir population. Unfortunately, in the past decades, the population of Malayan tapirs has declined swiftly due to serious deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and heavy vehicle accidents during road crossings at forest routes. Concerned by this predicament, the Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) Peninsular Malaysia collaborated with a few local universities to conduct various studies aimed at increasing the population number of tapirs in Malaysia. Several studies were conducted with the aim of enhancing the well-being of tapirs in captivity. Veterinarians face problems when it comes to selecting healthy and suitable tapirs for breeding programs at conservation centers. Conventional molecular methods using high-throughput sequencing provides a solution in determining the health condition of Malayan tapirs using the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. Unaware by most, gut microbiome plays an important role in determining the health condition of an organism by various aspects: (1) digestion control; (2) benefiting the immune system; and (3) playing a role as a "second brain." Commensal gut bacterial communities (microbiomes) are predicted to influence organism health and disease. Imbalance of unhealthy and healthy microbes in the gut may contribute to weight gain, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, and other disorders. In infancy, neonatal gut microbiomes are colonized with maternal and environmental flora, and mature toward a stable composition in two to three years. Interactions between the microorganism communities and the host allow for the establishment of microbiological roles. Identifying the core microbiome(s) are essential in the prediction of diseases and changes in environmental behavior of microorganisms. The dataset of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing of Malayan tapir was deposited in the MG-RAST portal. Parameters such as quality control, taxonomic prediction (unknown and predicted), diversity (rarefaction), and diversity (alpha) were analyzed using sequencing approaches (Amplicon sequencing). Comparisons of parameters, according to the type of sequencing, showed significant differences, except for the prediction variable. In the Amplicon sequencing datasets, the parameters Rarefaction and Unknown had the highest correlation, while Alpha and Predicted had the lowest. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Bacilli, and Bacteroidia were the most representative genera in Malayan tapir amplicon sequences, which indicated that most of the tapirs were healthy. However, continuous assessment to maintain the well-being of tapir for long term is still required. This chapter focuses on the introduction of 16S rRNA amplicon metagenomics in analyzing Malayan tapir gut microbiome dataset.
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