Disaster Robotics Murphy, Robin R
2014, 20140214, 2014-02-14, c2014
eBook
This book offers the definitive guide to the theory and practice of disaster robotics. It can serve as an introduction for researchers and technologists, a reference for emergency managers, and a ...textbook in field robotics. Written by a pioneering researcher in the field who has herself participated in fifteen deployments of robots in disaster response and recovery, the book covers theory and practice, the history of the field, and specific missions. After a broad overview of rescue robotics in the context of emergency informatics, the book provides a chronological summary and formal analysis of the thirty-four documented deployments of robots to disasters that include the 2001 collapse of the World Trade Center, Hurricane Katrina, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the 2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami, and numerous mining accidents. It then examines disaster robotics in the typical robot modalities of ground, air, and marine, addressing such topics as robot types, missions and tasks, and selection heuristics for each modality. Finally, the book discusses types of fieldwork, providing practical advice on matters that include collecting data and collaborating with emergency professionals. The field of disaster robotics has lacked a comprehensive overview. This book by a leader in the field, offering a unique combination of the theoretical and the practical, fills the gap.
Using a combination of theoretical discussion and real-world case studies, this book focuses on current and future use of RAISA technologies in the tourism economy, including examples from the hotel, ...restaurant, travel agency, museum, and events industries.
The current state of the art in cognitive robotics, covering the challenges of building AI-powered intelligent robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. A novel approach to building AI-powered ...intelligent robots takes inspiration from the way natural cognitive systems—in humans, animals, and biological systems—develop intelligence by exploiting the full power of interactions between body and brain, the physical and social environment in which they live, and phylogenetic, developmental, and learning dynamics. This volume reports on the current state of the art in cognitive robotics, offering the first comprehensive coverage of building robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. Contributors first provide a systematic definition of cognitive robotics and a history of developments in the field. They describe in detail five main approaches: developmental, neuro, evolutionary, swarm, and soft robotics. They go on to consider methodologies and concepts, treating topics that include commonly used cognitive robotics platforms and robot simulators, biomimetic skin as an example of a hardware-based approach, machine-learning methods, and cognitive architecture. Finally, they cover the behavioral and cognitive capabilities of a variety of models, experiments, and applications, looking at issues that range from intrinsic motivation and perception to robot consciousness. Cognitive Robotics is aimed at an interdisciplinary audience, balancing technical details and examples for the computational reader with theoretical and experimental findings for the empirical scientist.
A roboticist imagines life with robots that sell us products, drive our cars, even allow us to assume new physical form, and more. With robots, we are inventing a new species that is part material ...and part digital. The ambition of modern robotics goes beyond copying humans, beyond the effort to make walking, talking androids that are indistinguishable from people. Future robots will have superhuman abilities in both the physical and digital realms. They will be embedded in our physical spaces, with the ability to go where we cannot, and will have minds of their own, thanks to artificial intelligence. In Robot Futures , the roboticist Illah Reza Nourbakhsh considers how we will share our world with these creatures, and how our society could change as it incorporates a race of stronger, smarter beings. Nourbakhsh imagines a future that includes adbots offering interactive custom messaging; robotic flying toys that operate by means of “gaze tracking”; robot-enabled multimodal, multicontinental telepresence; and even a way that nanorobots could allow us to assume different physical forms. Nourbakhsh examines the underlying technology and the social consequences of each scenario. He also offers a counter-vision: a robotics designed to create civic and community empowerment. His book helps us understand why that is the robot future we should try to bring about.
Robot Ethics Lin, Patrick; Abney, Keith; Bekey, George A ...
2012, 2011, 2014-01-10, 2012-02-17, 20120101
eBook
Robots today serve in many roles, from entertainer to educator to executioner. As robotics technology advances, ethical concerns become more pressing: Should robots be programmed to follow a code of ...ethics, if this is even possible? Are there risks in forming emotional bonds with robots? How might society--and ethics--change with robotics? This volume is the first book to bring together prominent scholars and experts from both science and the humanities to explore these and other questions in this emerging field. Starting with an overview of the issues and relevant ethical theories, the topics flow naturally from the possibility of programming robot ethics to the ethical use of military robots in war to legal and policy questions, including liability and privacy concerns. The contributors then turn to human-robot emotional relationships, examining the ethical implications of robots as sexual partners, caregivers, and servants. Finally, they explore the possibility that robots, whether biological-computational hybrids or pure machines, should be given rights or moral consideration. Ethics is often slow to catch up with technological developments. This authoritative and accessible volume fills a gap in both scholarly literature and policy discussion, offering an impressive collection of expert analyses of the most crucial topics in this increasingly important field.
In the not so distant future, we can expect a world where humans and robots coexist and interact with each other. For this to occur, we need to understand human traits, such as seeing, hearing, ...thinking, speaking, etc., and institute these traits in robots. The most essential feature necessary for robots to achieve is that of integrative multimedia understanding (IMU) which occurs naturally in humans. It allows us to assimilate pieces of information expressed through different modes such as speech, pictures, gestures, etc.
The book describes how robots acquire traits like natural language understanding (NLU) as the central part of IMU. Mental image directed semantic theory (MIDST) is its core, and is based on the hypothesis that NLU is essentially the processing of mental image associated with natural language expressions, namely, mental-image based understanding (MBU). MIDST is intended to model omnisensory mental image in human and to afford a knowledge representation system in order for integrative management of knowledge subjective to cognitive mechanisms of intelligent entities such as humans and robots based on a mental image model visualized as ‘Loci in Attribute Spaces’ and its description language L md (mental image description language) to be employed for predicate logic with a systematic scheme for symbol-grounding. This language works as an interlingua among various kinds of information media, and has been applied to several versions of the intelligent system interlingual understanding model aiming at general system (IMAGES). Its latest version, i.e. conversation management system (CMS) simulates MBU and comprehends the user’s intention through dialogue to find and solve problems, and finally, provides a response in text or animation.
The book is aimed at researchers and students interested in artificial intelligence, robotics, and cognitive science. Based on philosophical considerations, the methodology will also have an appeal in linguistics, psychology, ontology, geography, and cartography.
Key Features:
Describes the methodology to provide robots with human-like capability of natural language understanding (NLU) as the central part of IMU
Uses methodology that also relates to linguistics, psychology, ontology, geography, and cartography
Examines current trends in machine translation
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Anna - an ideal home robot
Intuitive human-robot interaction
Integrative multimedia understanding and natural language understanding
Knowledge and cognition
Natural Language Processing Viewed from Semantics
Trends in machine translation
Case study of current MT systems (as of October, 2018)
Fundamentals for Robotic NLU
NLU in accordance with semiotics
Syntactic analysis
Semantic analysis and pragmatic analysis
Robust NLU
Response synthesis
Syntax and semantics of discourse
Cognitive Essentials for Midst
Functional model of human mind
Human knowledge and cognitive propensities
Semantics and mental image
QSIs (quasi-symbolic images) and human concept system
Primitive quasi-symbolic images
Perception of causality
Semantic articulation and QSI connectors
Negation of mental image
Imaginary space region
Computational Model of Mental Image
Atomic locus as primitive QSI
Temporal conjunctions as QSI connectors
Empty event
Attributes and Standards
Formal System
Semantic principle of L md
Syntax of L md
Tempo-logical connectives
Formulation of event concepts
Formulation of laws of the world
Fundamental Postulates and Inference Rules for Deductive System
Properties of Loci
Inference rules for deduction
Tempo-logical deduction with TLCs
Human-Specific Semantics of 4d Language as Mental Images
Conventional approaches to 4D language understanding
4D language semantics as mental images
Formulation of concepts of spatial prepositions
Properties of static 4D concepts as human intuitive mental images
Reversal operation on spatial change event concepts as mental images
Problem Finding and Solving in Formal System
Definition of problem and task
Creation problem finding and solving
Maintenance problem finding and solving
Human Language Understanding by Robots
Two-staged robotic NLU
Robotic concept system for iHRI
Compound concept system for robots
Robot manipulation as cross-media operation via L md
Aware computing in robots
Homogeneous/Inhomogeneous Communication
4d Language Understanding for Cognitive Robotics
Requirements for robotic NLU
Logical Adequacy of L md
Translation between NL and L md
Reasoning in L md
Anchoring via L md
Behavioralization via L md
Systematic interpretation of L md
Multilingual Operation Via L md
Meaning definition
Optimization of grammatical description for word meaning definition
Language operation via L md
Question answering through L md
Computational Model of Japanese for NLU
Brief description of basic Japanese
Phrase structure grammar for Japanese
Dependency grammar for Japanese
Sentence and discourse of Japanese
Sentence types of Japanese and phrasing
Implementation of Mental-Image Based Understanding
Configuration of CMS
MBU versus conventional NLU
Stimulus sentences to CMS and human subjects
Mental image based understanding by CMS
Problem finding and solving in CMS
Awareness control of CMS
Conclusions
References
This is an excellent resource for scientists and engineers looking to develop a deep natural language understanding system for application in robotics, currently one of the most critical areas of development for artificial intelligence technologies. The book is very well written and easy to follow for readers with a good background in artificial intelligence or natural language processing. The considerable number of examples and diagrams included make this volume particularly valuable for students. The examples illustrating machine understanding of Japanese offer an exciting bonus for readers engaged in machine translation or computational linguistics.
-- J. Brzezinski, McHenry County College, Choice, 2020 Vol. 58 No. 2
Masao Yokota received a Bachelor degree from Kyushu Institute of Technology, and Master and Doctor degrees from Kyushu University. He is now a professor of informatics at Fukuoka Institute of Technology. His research focus is on AI, especially in integrative multimedia understanding by robots in being as 'natural' as humans where natural language understanding (NLU) plays the central role. He has proposed 'Mental Image Directed Semantic Theory (MIDST)' based on a hypothesis that NLU in humans is mental image processing. MIDST provides an omnisensory mental image model and a formal language called ' L md (Language for Mental Image Description)'. This formal language has been already implemented on several versions of the intelligent system IMAGES including integrative multimedia understanding system IMAGES-M and conversation management system CMS. Dr. Yokota has authored numerous articles on AI and was the leader of many projects funded by Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT), and Fukuoka Institute of Technology (FIT).
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