Using culture studies and molecular techniques, the brown rot polypore Fibroporia gossypium was identified from a cellar in an old building of Buenos Aires city, the second record of the species in ...an urban environment in Argentina. The fungus formed large mycelial masses hanging
from a wooden support and growing on the walls but did not form basidiomes. The conspecificity of specimens from distant regions is considered and the origin of the present finding is discussed.
Neonectria is a cosmopolitan genus and it is, in part, defined by its link to the anamorph genus Cylindrocarpon. Neonectria has been divided into informal groups on the basis of combined morphology ...of anamorph and teleomorph. Previously, Cylindrocarpon was divided into four groups defined by presence or absence of microconidia and chlamydospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have indicated that Neonectria sensu stricto and Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto are phylogenetically congeneric. In addition, morphological and molecular data accumulated over several years have indicated that Neonectria sensu lato and Cylindrocarpon sensu lato do not form a monophyletic group and that the respective informal groups may represent distinct genera. In the present work, a multilocus analysis (act, ITS, LSU, rpb1, tef1, tub) was applied to representatives of the informal groups to determine their level of phylogenetic support as a first step towards taxonomic revision of Neonectria sensu lato. Results show five distinct highly supported clades that correspond to some extent with the informal Neonectria and Cylindrocarpon groups that are here recognised as genera: (1) N. coccinea-group and Cylindrocarpon groups 1 & 4 (Neonectria/Cylindrocarpon sensu stricto); (2) N. rugulosa-group (Rugonectria gen. nov.); (3) N. mammoidea/N. veuillotiana-groups and Cylindrocarpon group 2 (Thelonectria gen. nov.); (4) N. radicicola-group and Cylindrocarpon group 3 (Ilyonectria gen. nov.); and (5) anamorph genus Campylocarpon. Characteristics of the anamorphs and teleomorphs correlate with the five genera, three of which are newly described. New combinations are made for species where their classification is confirmed by phylogenetic data.
Taxonomic novelties:Ilyonectria P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, gen. nov.; Ilyonectria coprosmae (Dingley) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Ilyonectria liriodendri (Halleen et al.) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Ilyonectria macrodydima (Halleen, Schroers & Crous) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Ilyonectria radicicola (Gerlach & L. Nilsoon) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Rugonectria P. Chaverri & Samuels, gen. nov.; Rugonectria castaneicola (W. Yamam. & Oyasu) Hirooka & P. Chaverri, comb. nov; Rugonectria neobalansae (Samuels) P. Chaverri & Samuels, comb. nov.; Rugonectria rugulosa (Pat. & Gaill.) Samuels, P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, gen. nov.; Thelonectria coronata (Penz. & Sacc.) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria discophora (Mont.) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria jungneri (Henn.) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria lucida (Höhnel) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria olida (Wollenw.) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov; Thelonectria trachosa (Samuels & Brayford) Samuels, P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria veuillotiana (Sacc. & Roum.) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.; Thelonectria viridispora (Samuels & Brayford) P. Chaverri, C. Salgado, & Samuels, comb. nov.; Thelonectria westlandica (Dingley) P. Chaverri & C. Salgado, comb. nov.
Three yeast isolate candidates for a novel species were obtained from rotting wood samples collected in Brazil and Colombia. The Brazilian isolate differs from the Colombian isolates by one ...nucleotide substitution in each of the D1/D2 and small subunit (SSU) sequences. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences of the three isolates were identical. A phylogenetic analysis showed that this novel species belongs to the genus
. This novel species is phylogenetically related to
and
. The novel species differs from
by seven nucleotides and two indels, and by 17 nucleotides and four indels from
in the D1/D2 sequences. The ITS sequences of these three species differ by more than 30 nucleotides. Analyses of the sequences of the SSU and translation elongation factor 1-α gene also showed that these isolates represent a novel species of the genus
. Different from most
species, these isolates did not assimilate methanol as the sole carbon source. The name
sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these isolates. The holotype of
is CBS 13485
. The MycoBank number is MB 851195.
is a gram-negative bacterium and the primary causal agent of center rot of onions in Georgia. Previous genomic studies identified two virulence gene clusters, HiVir and
, associated with center rot. ...The HiVir gene cluster is required to induce necrosis on onion tissues via synthesis of pantaphos, (2-hydroxyphosphono-methyl)maleate), a phosphonate phytotoxin. The
gene cluster aids in tolerance to thiosulfinates generated during onion tissue damage. Whole genome sequencing of other
species suggests that these gene clusters are present outside of
. To assess the distribution of these gene clusters, two PCR primer sets were designed to detect the presence of HiVir and
. Two hundred fifty-two strains of
spp. were phenotyped using the red onion scale necrosis (RSN) assay and were genotyped using PCR for the presence of these virulence genes. A diverse panel of strains from three distinct culture collections comprised of 24
species, 41 isolation sources, and 23 countries, collected from 1946-2019, was tested. There is a significant association between the
PCR assay and
strains recovered from symptomatic onion (
< 0.001). There is also a significant association of a positive HiVir PCR and RSN assay among
strains but not among
spp., congeners. This may indicate a divergent HiVir cluster or different pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms. Last, we describe natural
positive RSN
/HiVir
/
strains, which cause extensive bulb necrosis in a neck-to-bulb infection assay compared to
negative RSN
/HiVir
/
strains. A combination of assays that include PCR of virulence genes HiVir and
and an RSN assay can potentially aid in identification of onion-bulb-rotting pathogenic
strains.
A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Xylodon kunmingensis, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidences. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps ...with cream to buff hymenial, odontioid surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections and oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid and indextrinoid, acyanophilous basidiospores, 5–5.8 × 2.8–3.5 μm. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS sequences showed that X. kunmingensis belongs to the genus Xylodon and formed a single group with a high support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and grouped with the related species X. astrocystidiatus, X. crystalliger and X. paradoxus. Both morphological and molecular evidences confirmed the placement of the new species in Xylodon.
•A new Xylodon species was described.•Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on ITS sequences.•Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it grouped in the Xylodon.•Xylodon paradoxus was related to it in phylogenetic tree.
Wood-rotting fungi and their enzymatic systems represent promising biocatalysts for the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater. We designed a fungal wheel ...reactor (FWR) based on solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Trametes versicolor and a lignocellulosic substrate, which was used as an immobilization carrier for fungal biomass and the sole initial nutrient source for producing fungal oxidative enzymes. Three pharmaceutical and personal care products, acetaminophen, bisphenol A and carbamazepine, were spiked into the synthetic wastewater and the treatment was carried out under non-sterile conditions. Acetaminophen was completely removed from the FWR until laccase was observed. The acetaminophen removal efficiency was retrieved by replacing the fungal wheel with fresh SSF products. Bisphenol A and carbamazepine were removed via enzymatic activity and adsorption. When the fungal wheel was replaced, acetaminophen began to be completely removed, even after laccase depletion. The microbial community analysis indicated that the continuous removal of acetaminophen was mainly due to the high proportion of T. versicolor. The relative abundance of the co-occurring microbial community might be responsible for the divergence in acetaminophen removal between two of fungal wheel-replaced reactors. Overall, FWRs are promising tools for the removal of PPCPs by highly reactive enzymatic mechanisms as well as adsorption on the carrier surface. By replacing SSF and settled microbial communities, FWRs may continuously contribute to bioremediation over a long-term period.
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•A fungal wheel reactor was designed for stable fungal activity.•Solid-state fermentation allowed the fungal immobilization with nutrient supply.•Acetaminophen removal was mainly due to the enzymatic activity of fungi.•Fungal-bacterial interaction is a key factor regulating stable fungal activity.
The brown-rot fungi play an important role in forest ecosystems; they can degrade celluloses and hemicelluloses of wood and maintain nutrient cycling. Some of the brown-rot fungi also have important ...economic value as medicinal or edible mushrooms. Recent studies showed that the ability to produce brown rot has evolved independently at least five times. Nevertheless, the Polyporales contains the vast majority of the species of the brown-rot fungi. In this study, the classification system of the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales is revised. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are analysed based on DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1), the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). The study showed that the brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales formed fourteen lineages, which are assigned at family level, including four new families: Auriporiaceae, Piptoporellaceae, Postiaceae, Taiwanofungaceae, and ten existing families: Adustoporiaceae, Dacryobolaceae, Fibroporiaceae, Fomitopsidaceae, Laetiporaceae, Laricifomitaceae, Phaeolaceae, Pycnoporellaceae, Sarcoporiaceae, and Sparassidaceae. Meanwhile, eleven new genera, viz.,
Austroporia
,
Aurantipostia
,
Austropostia
,
Daedalella
,
Nothofagiporus
,
Pseudoantrodia
,
Pseudofomitopsis
,
Rhodoantrodia
,
Tenuipostia
,
Wolfiporiella
and
Wolfiporiopsis
are proposed; eighteen new species, viz.,
Amyloporia nivea
,
Antrodia subheteromorpha
,
Aurantipostia macrospora
,
Austropostia hirsuta
,
A. plumbea
,
A. subpunctata
,
Cystidiopostia subhibernica
,
Daedalella micropora
,
Fuscopostia subfragilis
,
Lentoporia subcarbonica
,
Melanoporia tropica
,
Neolentiporus tropicus
,
Phaeolus fragilis
,
Postia crassicontexta
,
Pseudoantrodia monomitica
,
Pseudofomitopsis microcarpa
,
Resinoporia luteola
and
Rhodonia subrancida
are described; and twelve new combinations, viz.,
Austroporia stratosa
,
Austropostia brunnea
,
A. pelliculosa
,
A. punctata
,
Nothofagiporus venatus
,
Rhodoantrodia tropica
,
R. yunnanensis
,
Tenuipostia dissecta
,
Wolfiporiella cartilaginea
,
W. curvispora
,
W. dilatohypha
and
Wolfiporiopsis castanopsidis
, are proposed. Illustrated descriptions of the new species are provided. Notes on the genera of brown-rot fungi within the Polyporales are provided.
•Delftia sp. 5 produced selenium nanoparticles with antifungal activity.•Selenium nanoparticles inhibit the growth of the wood-decay fungus O. pelliculosus.•Delftia sp. 5 produced organic coated ...selenium nanoparticles.
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have antimicrobial and antifungal activity. SeNPs using Se resistant bacteria is a low cost and eco-friendly technology. Fungal contamination of wood during drying is one of the main causes of economic losses in the wood industry. The bacterium Delftia sp. 5 resistance to Se and its ability to produce SeNPs able to inhibit the growth of the wood brown-rotting fungus Oligoporus pelliculosus was analyzed. The strain showed an optimal SeNPs production when selenite concentration was 160 mg L−1. The SeNPs were spherical with an average size 192.33 ± 8.6 nm and a zeta potential of -41.4 ± 1.3 nm. The SeNPs produced by Delftia sp. 5 (33.6 ± 0.1 mg L−1 Se) inhibited the growth of O. pelliculosus in agar plates and in Nothofagus pumilio (Lenga) wood samples. Delftia sp. 5 SeNPs could be used for embedding lenga wood prior to drying for preventing the growth of the deteriorating fungi O. pelliculosus.
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