Objective: The aim of this study was to identify predictors of weight regain and continued weight maintenance among individuals already successful at long-term weight loss in a widely available ...weight-management program. Methods: Participants were 2843 weight-loss maintainers in WeightWatchers who had maintained weight loss ≥9.1 kg for ≥1 year (average 25.5 kg for 3.5 years; BMI = 26.7 kg/m2 ). Validated behavioral, psychosocial, and home environmental questionnaires were administered at study entry and 1 year later. Discriminant analysis identified variables that discriminated gainers (≥2.3-kg gain) from maintainers (±2.3-kg change). Results: Over the 1 year of follow-up, 43% were gainers (mean SD, 7.2 5.4 kg), and 57% were maintainers (0.4 1.2 kg). Compared with maintainers, gainers were younger and had higher initial weight, more recent weight losses, and larger initial weight losses. Standardized canonical coefficients indicated that the 1-year changes that most discriminated gainers from maintainers were greater decreases in the ability to accept uncomfortable food cravings, urges, and desires to overeat (0.232); self-monitoring (0.166); body image (0.363); and body satisfaction (0.194) and greater increases in disinhibition (0.309) and bodily pain (0.147). The canonical correlation was 0.505 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Future interventions to prevent regain should consider targeting overeating in response to internal and external food cues and declines in self-monitoring and body image.
IntroductionObligate autoscopic mirror hallucinations of senescence have not heretofore been described.ObjectivesTo reveal that perception of looking older in the mirror may be the manifestation of ...Mirror Autoprosopometamorphopsia.MethodsA 37 year old right handed female, with schizoaffective disorder, bipolar subtype She described that when she would gaze at herself in the mirror, she would not see her current face, but rather the visage of an “old person”. This would recur whenever she would directly look at herself in the mirror, and would avoid glancing at any mirrors because she was fearful of looking at her transform senescent countenance. She realised it was not another person but rather herself in the future, having become her geriartric self.ResultsAbnormalities in Physical Examination: Mental Status Examination: Hyperverbal, grandiose with expansive affect, poor insight and judgment. Recalls 3 out of 4 objects in 3 minutes and all 4 with reinforcement. Proverb testing: correct abstraction. Neuropsychiatric Testing: The Patient Health Questionnaire 9:7 (mild depression). Other: Magnetic Resonance Imaging/ Magnetic Resonance Angiography of Brain with Infusion: Normal.ConclusionsAutoscopic mirror hallucinations appearing only when embedded in a mirror are obligate autoscopic mirror hallucinations and suggest occipital and parietal lobe dysfunction (Virk, 2018). The inability to recognize the perception of another image or another person replacing the individual looking in the mirror, while defined as a mirror sign, may also be viewed as “a capgras syndrome for the mirror image” (Feinberg, 2005). Distortion of one’s own face only when viewed in a mirror is autoprosopometamorphopsia. With such distortion, this may be a misidentification of one’s own image. This phenomenon is classified as a form of delusional misidentification syndrome with inability to recognise one’s image in the mirror (Postal, 2005). Autoprosopometamorphopsia, obligate to mirror reflection, but metamorphosized to enhance perceived senescence, has not been specifically localized. Possibly a single lesion in the non dominant inferior parietal lobe may have caused this phenomenon. Somatoparaphrenia with somatosensory illusions involving body image are seen with parietal lobe dysfunction (Nightingale, 1982). In the general population, an individual’s focus on a mild facial imperfection often is associated with a negative view of their image. Exaggeration of this to involve the entire face, with projection of imperfection of aging, may be a somatic manifestation of such negative self image. It is possible that such senescent autoprospometamorphopsia may be prevalent, to a lesser degree, in the general population and may be a nidus for younger people seeking cosmetic and plastic surgical intervention of the face.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
An accountability account HALL, ANGELA T.; FRINK, DWIGHT D.; BUCKLEY, M. RONALD
Journal of organizational behavior,
February 2017, Volume:
38, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Accountability is a fundamental element of all societies and the organizations that operate within them. This paper focuses on the individual-level accountability concept of felt accountability (also ...referred to in the literature as simply accountability), which can be described as the perceptions of one’s personal accountability. We describe key theories that have formed the theoretical groundwork for the body of felt accountability literature, and discuss the empirical research published since the last major review of the accountability literature in the late 1990s. Empirical research has revealed that accountability has both constructive and deleterious consequences. Moreover, research examining accountability and key outcomes has produced mixed results, suggesting that consideration of moderators and nonlinear relationships are important when examining accountability. Although accountability is an important construct, there are many issues that have yet to be investigated by scholars. We identify limitations and gaps in the current body of the empirical research and conclude the paper with suggestions for scholars striving to make contributions to this line of research.
Background: The importance of self-image has been well studied in the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis population, but it has been considered less important in adult spinal deformity (ASD). More ...recently, evidence suggests that self-image is an important consideration in ASD and that radiographic parameters such as Cobb angle, sagittal vertical alignment (SVA) and lumbopelvic alignment correlate to self-image scores. The goal of this study is to analyze the importance of self-image in ASD surgery and whether certain radiographic parameters influence outcome. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicentre, multicontinental, observational longitudinal cohort study of patients 60 years of age and older undergoing primary spinal fusion surgery of at least 5 levels for coronal, sagittal or combined deformity. Data from the Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire-22 revised (SRS-22r) were collected prospectively at 10 weeks, 1 year and 2 years postoperatively. Three-foot anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken preoperatively and at 10 weeks and 2 years postoperatively. Results: A total of 219 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 214 completing SRS-22r preoperatively and 179 patients completing 2-year follow-up. Self-image had the lowest mean baseline SRS22r score of 2.32 (standard deviation SD 0.8), which improved to 3.47 (SD 0.9) at 10 weeks, 3.66 (SD 0.7) at 1 year and 3.61 (SD 0.8) at 2 years. Preoperatively, 69.6% of patients felt very unhappy with their current back shape. Conversely, at 2 years, 59.3% of patients were either somewhat or very happy with the shape of their back. By Schwab type, 73 (40.1%) were N, 81 (44.5%) L and 28 (15.4%) D. The self-image scores of all groups improved from baseline to 24 months: N, 2.15 (SD 0.68) to 3.53 (SD 0.78); L, 2.32 (SD 0.81) to 3.62 (SD0.84); D, 2.28 (SD 0.74) to 3.89 (SD 0.70). Radiographic changes from baseline to 2 years were as follows: thoracolumbar Cobb 24.9° (95% confidence interval CI 1.7° to 102.5°) to 10.7° (95% CI 0.1° to 59.7°), SVA 81.8 (95% CI -76.3 to 327.2) to 37.3 (95% CI -108.1 to 334.1) mm, pelvic tilt 28.7° (95% CI 8.0° to 56.6°) to 21.1° (95% CI -0.2° to 51.5°). Univariate and multivariate linear mixed effect models identified SVA as the strongest radiographic predictor of self-image. Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates the importance of self-image in ASD surgery and SVA as the strongest radiographic predictor of outcome.
Purpose
This study aims to examine the moderated mediation model among self-image congruity, self-brand connection, self-motivation and brand preference and validate that actual and ideal self-image ...congruity are two distinct constructs. As shown in the conceptual model, actual and ideal self-image congruity toward a brand have direct and indirect positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection, whereas self-motivation moderates the effect of self-image congruity on self-brand connection.
Design/methodology/approach
Data collection was done through mall intercepts in six shopping malls in Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Huizhou in southern China. In total, 461 usable questionnaires were collected with 500 distributed copies. Confirmatory factor analysis using Mplus (v.7) was done to assess the measurement validity for each construct. PROCESS analysis for SPSS (v.19.0.0) was used for hypothesis testing.
Findings
Both actual and ideal self-image congruities present significant positive effects on brand preference through self-brand connection. The relationship between self-image congruity and the self-brand connection is also moderated by self-motivation.
Originality/value
This study fills an existing literature gap by distinguishing self-image and ideal self-image congruity as distinct constructs. Self-brand connection is posited as a new way to understand the mechanism of the self-image congruity effect on brand preference. Samples from several shopping malls in southern China are used to justify the important moderating role of self-motivation in consumers’ brand preferences.
L’auteur aborde les axes cliniques repérés lorsque le patient atteint d’une maladie chronique et somatique porte (en permanence) un appareillage technologique : 1) modification plastique du schéma ...corporel ; 2) fantasmes d’intégration ; 3) perturbation de l’image du corps, et son rétablissement paradoxal avec la technologie ; 4) effraction des enveloppes psychiques ; 5) problématique de l’appartenance à son propre corps ; 6) enfin, utilisation de la technologie comme prothèse psychique.
The author addresses the clinical axes identified when the patient with a chronic and somatic disease wears (permanently) technological equipment: 1) plastic modification of the body image; 2) integration fantasies; 3) disturbance of the body image, and its paradoxical recovery with technology; 4) break-in of psychic envelopes; 5) the problem of belonging to one’s own body; and 6) finally, use of technology as a psychic prosthesis.
Self-image congruence helps explain and predict different facets of consumer behavior. To date, application of self-congruence theories to tourist post-travel evaluations is limited. This study tests ...a model that includes self-image congruence, cruise ship passengers' experiences, satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Path modeling tests the hypotheses using a sample of 169 cruise ship travelers. Results indicate that self-image congruence (actual and ideal) affects passengers' experiences but indirectly influences satisfaction levels. Satisfaction positively relates to respondents' propensity to recommend. Overall, this research advances the understanding of cruise ship passengers' experiences and behaviors offering important managerial implications.
An emerging virtual-reality technology, virtual fitting rooms (VFRs) allow online shoppers to virtually try on clothes. Despite its increasing popularity, how VFR technology influences different ...consumer groups is hitherto unknown. Neglecting such nuances may significantly undermine VFR effectiveness. From a large-scale field experiment with real-world transactional data and five laboratory experiments, the authors document the asymmetric effects of VFR use conditional on consumer body types, characterize the theoretical underpinnings, and identify a systematic set of managerially actionable moderators that can mitigate adverse effects. Specifically, while VFR use enhances product evaluations and purchases among consumers with relatively low body mass index (BMI) levels, it negatively influences responses from high-BMI consumers due to self-image threat induced by avatars that resemble consumers’ own bodies. To cope with self-image threat, high-BMI consumers tend to shift the blame to the apparel item, resulting in negative product responses. The authors identify four feasible solutions to alleviate the negative responses among high-BMI users of VFRs, namely, promoting diversified beauty standards, featuring mannequin faces for VFR avatars, providing consumers opportunities to engage in prosocial behavior, and presenting high-status products. These findings offer guidance for retailers to leverage this new technology smartly to enhance both business performance and consumer well-being.
With the quickly rising popularity of social media within the past decade, researchers have started to investigate the relationship between social media use and various psychological wellbeing ...variables. Given social media's similarity to traditional media, and the unique types of social comparisons that may occur on these platforms, body image has been a variable of interest. However, this literature has produced mixed findings and lacks a consensus on the valence of this relationship. Thus, this meta-analysis aimed to provide a quantitative review of cross sectional research on this topic to provide clarification on the relationship between social media use and body image. An analysis of sixty-three independent samples (N = 36,552) using a random-effects model revealed an overall effect size of r = 0.169, CI 0.131, 0.206, indicating a small, positive, and significant relationship between social media use and body image disturbance. Type of social media use, body image dimension, country grouping, and age were all found to be significant moderators of this relationship. Strengths and limitations of the meta-analysis, as well as future directions for this line of research are discussed.
•The valence of the relationship between social media use and body image is unclear.•A positive relationship between social media use and body image disturbance was found.•This relationship is dependent on body study-level and sample-level variables.
