Edible oil is prone to be contaminated by Benzoapyrene (BaP) during production and processing. Adsorption is an important technology for the removal of BaP from edible oil, and biochar as a new type ...of adsorbent for the treatment BaP has received extensive attention. In this study, we prepared unmodified biochar and ZnCl2-modified biochar from sesame straw cellulose (SSB and SSZ) and sesame capsule cellulose (SCB and SCZ), carried out structure characterization by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and finally evaluated their potential effectiveness in BaP removal from sesame oil. FT-IR results revealed that SSZ and SCZ showed higher peak intensities, indicating that they could provide more active sites for adsorption. The results of XRD presented that SSZ and SCZ had a higher graphitization degree than the unmodified biochar. SEM results showed that the SSZ and SCZ had more complex pore structure, which is beneficial to adsorption. BET analysis results showed that SSZ and SCZ had a higher specific surface area of 1622.83–1797.39 m2/g and a better developed porous structure (the total pore volume Vtotal was 0.9434–1.0023 cm3/g) than the SSB and SCB (specific surface area was 350.55–352.59 m2/g, and Vtotal was 0.1907–0.1918 cm3/g), indicating that modification promoted the formation of porous structure and thus improved the adsorption capacity of biochar. Adsorption experiments confirmed once again that the BaP removal rates of SSZ and SCZ (92.67%–96.13%) were much higher than that of unmodified biochar (3.34%–4.28%), and the BaP content in the sesame oil treated by SSZ and SCZ were far below the current EU maximum levels (2 μg/kg). Therefore, the modified biochar from cellulose is a promising adsorbent for BaP removal. In future studies, the influences of bichar on the nutritional quality of edible oil should be taken into consideration so as to find an ideal active carbon substitute for BaP removal in edible oil.
Sesame oil is one of the most valuable oil due to its bioactive properties, unique taste, odor, and flavor. Therefore, consumers tend to consume and willing to pay a higher price for sesame oil due ...to increasing awareness of consuming healthier and better food. However, sesame oil is subjected to adulteration risks with lower price vegetable oils which impairs consumer rights and human health. In this study, we purposed an ATR-FTIR based method for the rapid detection of food adulteration in sesame oil. For this purpose, sesame oil was adulterated with hazelnut, canola, and sun flower oils in different concentrations ranged from 1 to 50%. Cluster analysis of FTIR spectra was performed for differentiation and classification of pure sesame oil from adultured vegetable oil samples. In addition, a calibration curve was obtained to determine relationship between actual adulterant concentration and FTIR predicted concentrations using partial least square (PLS) method for each oil samples. According to these results, it could be concluded that ATR-FTIR technique has a potential for adulteration of sesame oil as a non-destructive, rapid, and effective alternative method.
•Sesame oil might be separated from the pure hazelnut, canola, and sunflower oils and adulterated sesame oils.•Selection of wavenumber ranges be used as a fingerprint during clustering.•FT- IR could be used to detect adulteration level in sesame oils as a rapid and simple.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum, L., Family: Pedaliaceae) is a notable folk medicine in Middle East, Asia and Africa. Many traditional and pharmacological studies have documented the unique nature of sesame ...oil (SO). SO has been reported to have many pharmacological effects related to the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity of its components. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been the predominant pathogenic events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases.
we aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect and the probable mechanisms of SO against aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced AD symptoms.
Rats were treated daily with AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/i.p.) either alone or with SO (two different doses) for six weeks. Behavioral (Open-field and Morris water maze tests), histopathological, and biochemical examinations were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effect and the underlying mechanisms of SO against AlCl3-induced AD symptoms.
Our results indicated that SO significantly improved learning and memory impairments induced by AlCl3. Indeed, SO treatment significantly restored the elevated level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and amyloid beta (Aβ) overexpression. Moreover, AlCl3 treatment afforded histopathological changes, increase the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in addition to mitigation of oxidative stress status in the brain. SO abolished all these abnormalities. Meanwhile, AlCl3 induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which were inhibited by SO. Furthermore, SO administration modulated the expression of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).
In conclusion, the neuroprotective effect of SO involved the modulation of different mechanisms targeting oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cognitive functions. SO may modulate different molecular targets involved in AD pathogenesis by alterations of NF-κB/p38MAPK/BDNF/PPAR-γ signalling and this may be attributed to the synergistic effect of their active components.
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Background Sesame oil and rice bran oil are known for their unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants contents and have been reported to reduce the cardiovascular risk. Objective To determine the ...effect of a blend of 20% unrefined cold-pressed lignans-rich sesame oil and 80% physically refined γ-oryzanol–rich rice bran oil (Vivo) as cooking oil in mild-to-moderate hypertensive patients. Methods In this prospective, open-label dietary approach, 300 hypertensive patients and 100 normotensives were divided into groups as: (1) normotensives treated with sesame oil blend, (2) hypertensives treated with sesame oil blend, (3) hypertensives treated with nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker (20 mg/d), and (4) hypertensives receiving the combination of sesame oil blend and nifedipine (20 mg/d). Sesame oil blend was supplied to respective groups, and they were instructed to use it as the only cooking oil for 60 days. Resting blood pressure was measured at days 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60, whereas the fasting lipid profile was measured at days 0 and 60. Results Significant reduction in blood pressure (systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial) from days 0 to 15, 30, 45, and 60 were observed in hypertensives treated with sesame oil blend alone ( P < .001), nifedipine alone ( P < .001), and combination of sesame oil blend and nifedipine ( P < .001). Sesame oil blend with nifedipine-treated group showed greatest reduction in blood pressure. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels reduced, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased significantly only in hypertensives treated with sesame oil blend alone and the combination of sesame oil blend and nifedipine ( P < .001). Conclusion We demonstrate for the first time that using a blend of sesame oil and rice bran oil as cooking oil showed a significant antihypertensive and lipid-lowering action and had noteworthy additive effect with antihypertensive medication.
Pressing is a common method to extract oil from oilseeds. In this method, no additives are added to the oil. The oil obtained using this method has impurities that make the color cloudy and reduce ...its shelf life. So, it is necessary to separate these impurities to increase the quality. In order to separate impurities from oil, a set including: pump, filter, flow control valve, pressure control valve and tank was designed and built. In this research, sesame oil was purified using a linen filter, and the compressibility of the cake and the effect of temperature and pressure on the efficiency of the filter were investigated. The compressibility coefficient for the cake in the linen filter was equal to 0.13, which shows that the porosity of the cake is relatively low. Variance analysis of linen filter efficiency data showed that temperature and pressure have no significant effect on the separation efficiency of this filter and the average separation efficiency of this filter was 76%, also temperature and pressure in the selected ranges did not affect the filter separation efficiency.
Atherosclerosis, a major form of cardiovascular disease, has now been recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease. Nonpharmacological means of treating chronic diseases have gained attention ...recently. We previously reported that sesame oil has anti-atherosclerotic properties. In this study, we have determined the mechanisms by which sesame oil might modulate atherosclerosis by identifying genes and inflammatory markers. Low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR⁻/⁻) female mice were fed with either an atherogenic diet or an atherogenic diet reformulated with sesame oil (sesame oil diet). Plasma lipids and atherosclerotic lesions were quantified after 3 months of feeding. Plasma samples were used for cytokine analysis. RNA was extracted from the liver tissue and used for global gene arrays. The sesame oil diet significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL cholesterol levels in LDLR⁻/⁻ mice. Plasma inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1, RANTES, IL-1α, IL-6, and CXCL-16, were significantly reduced, demonstrating an anti-inflammatory property of sesame oil. Gene array analysis showed that sesame oil induced many genes, including ABCA1, ABCA2, APOE, LCAT, and CYP7A1, which are involved in cholesterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport. In conclusion, our studies suggest that a sesame oil-enriched diet could be an effective nonpharmacological treatment for atherosclerosis by controlling inflammation and regulating lipid metabolism.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) signify the most promising biological substitute to petrochemical plastics. Renewable and inexpensive agro-industrial by-products can be used as potent fermentation ...feedstocks for sustainable PHA biosynthesis. This study aimed at using a wild type B. megaterium strain Ti3 innate hydrolytic enzyme/s for eco-friendly valorization of 16 lignocellulosic agrowastes to PHA without pretreatments. Initial hydrolytic screening PHA concentration of (0.04–0.17 g/L), highlighted the strain's metabolic versatility. Pareto ranking of Taguchi orthogonal array (TOA) established ragi husk (RH), sesame oil cake (SOC) and KH2PO4 as the most influential factors (p < 0.05). The optimized and validated Response surface methodology (RSM) model (R2, 0.979; desirability, 1) resulted in 3.8 and 3.6 fold increased PHA production, 4.3 and 3.25 fold increased PHA productivity. A positive correlation (r2, 0.5–0.97) was observed amid the producer innate hydrolytic enzymes (lipase, amylase and cellulase) and PHA production. The PHA was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, GPC, TGA. The polymer was identified as a scl-mcl copolyester with 92% 3HB (3-hydroxybutyrate) and 8% 3HHp (3-hydroxyheptanoate) monomers by NMR. This the first report on B. megaterium self-enzyme reliant non-food agrowastes bioconversion to PHA with 3HHp (3-hydroxyheptanoate) monomers excluding precursor addition, commercial enzymes, pure carbon and nitrogen sources.
•First report on by-products ragi husk and sesame oil cake mix bioconversion to PHA•Wild metabolically versatile B. megaterium strain Ti3 used for PHA production•4.3 and 3.25 fold enhanced PHA productivity by sequential Taguchi OA and RSM-CCRD.•P(3HB-co-3HHp) copolymer exhibited high thermostability on TGA analysis.•Bacillus sp. self-reliant PHA production excluded pretreatments and precursors.
Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) results in motor dysfunction, biochemical and pathological alterations in the brain. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysfunction of dopaminergic and GABAergic ...systems stimulate activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6) and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) leading to apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sesame oil (SO) against Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Rats received 25 mg/kg MnCl2 and were concomitantly treated with 2.5, 5, or 8 ml/kg of SO for 5 weeks. Mn–induced motor dysfunction was indicated by significant decreases in the time taken by rats to fall during the rotarod test and in the number of movements observed during the open field test. Also, Mn resulted in neuronal degeneration as observed by histological staining. The striatal levels of lipid peroxides and reduced glutathione (oxidative stress markers), interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (inflammatory markers) were significantly elevated. Mn significantly reduced the levels of dopamine and Bcl-2, while GABA, PERK, ATF-6, Bax, and caspase-3 were increased. Interestingly, all SO doses, especially at 8 ml/kg, significantly improved locomotor activity, biochemical deviations and reduced neuronal degeneration. In conclusion, SO may provide potential therapeutic benefits in enhancing motor performance and promoting neuronal survival in individuals highly exposed to Mn.
Food quality assurance is an important field that directly affects public health. The organoleptic aroma of food is of crucial significance to evaluate and confirm food quality and origin. The ...volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions (detectable aroma) from foods are unique and provide a basis to predict and evaluate food quality. Soybean and corn oils were added to sesame oil (to simulate adulteration) at four different mixture percentages (25-100%) and then chemically analyzed using an experimental 9-sensor metal oxide semiconducting (MOS) electronic nose (e-nose) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) for comparisons in detecting unadulterated sesame oil controls. GC-MS analysis revealed eleven major VOC components identified within 82-91% of oil samples. Principle component analysis (PCA) and linear detection analysis (LDA) were employed to visualize different levels of adulteration detected by the e-nose. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) and support vector machines (SVMs) were also used for statistical modeling. The sensitivity and specificity obtained for SVM were 0.987 and 0.977, respectively, while these values for the ANN method were 0.949 and 0.953, respectively. E-nose-based technology is a quick and effective method for the detection of sesame oil adulteration due to its simplicity (ease of application), rapid analysis, and accuracy. GC-MS data provided corroborative chemical evidence to show differences in volatile emissions from virgin and adulterated sesame oil samples and the precise VOCs explaining differences in e-nose signature patterns derived from each sample type.
•The effect of traditional processing technique “nine steaming nine sun-drying” on black sesame seeds (BSS) was evaluated.•The effect of processing on proximate composition, oil properties and ...volatile compounds and were determined.•SPME-GCMS analysis showed that the main volatile compounds in BSS were aldehydes, hydrocarbons and alcohols.•Based on the PCA results, processed BSS after third cycle were perceived as possessing similar quality variables.
Black sesame seeds (BSS) were processed by nine cycles of steaming and sun-drying, and the chemistry of their resulting products studied. That is, the shell color and structure, proximate composition, oil properties and volatile compounds of raw BSS were determined and compared with processed BSS. Various levels of shell color change and structure damage were observed. The proximate composition also differed, whereas the relative proportion of fatty acids and oil properties were unchanged. SPME-GCMS analysis revealed that aldehydes, hydrocarbons and alcohols were the main volatile compounds. And compared with raw BSS, four volatile substances were newly detected in the processed BSS. Principal component analysis (PCA) displayed the overall difference between samples and showed that repeated steaming and sun-drying process had a significant impact on the chemical composition of BSS.
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