The non-linear optical responses of cherry seed oil, avocado seed oil, and sesame oil were investigated by observing spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) in oil samples using a continuous wave laser ...beam. The non-linear refraction coefficients and third-order non-linear susceptibility
χ
(3)
of the edible oils were estimated to be 10
−6
cm
2
/W and 10
−5
esu, respectively, based on the intensity-dependent number of symmetric diffraction rings observed. Additionally, we examined the potential of the spatial self-phase modulation technique to determine the authenticity of three adulterated oils based on their non-linear optical properties. For this purpose, five different adulterated samples were prepared by diluting the samples with sunflower oil, a cheaper commercial oil, at various dilution ratios. The measured non-linear optical parameters of the adulterated samples revealed a strong correlation between the non-linear optical properties and the level of adulteration in the samples. These results suggest that the SSPM technique could be considered for estimating the degree of adulteration in samples based on their non-linear optical responses.
Sesame cake and meal, byproducts of the sesame oil process industry and mainly used as feed and fertilizer, are often not optimally utilized and are wasted when the material could be used as a ...high-quality protein source. This research primarily emphasizes the preparation of a sesame protein-based adhesive with urea and glyoxal modification to use as a wood adhesive. The performance and characterization of the urea and glyoxal modified sesame protein adhesive (USP and GUSP, respectively) were measured precisely. After glyoxal was added, the water resistance of the GUSP adhesive was significantly enhanced, reaching the standard for Type II plywood. The formaldehyde emission test showed that the GUSP adhesive could be utilized as a formaldehyde-free wood adhesive, having a significantly lower than the demand of the E0 level (i.e., 0.5 mg/L). Furthermore, increasing the glyoxal content in the adhesives enhanced the thermal stability but not significantly. A substance with a crosslinking structure was formed from the reaction between the sesame protein and glyoxal, which enhanced the water resistance. Meanwhile, the fractured structure of the GUSP adhesive having a compact surface also was propitious to enhance the water resistance. Thus, the GUSP adhesive could be used as a novel adhesive in plywood fabrication.
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antineoplastic agent which it's clinical use has been limited due to its major side effects including cardiotoxicity and nephrotic syndrome. Sesame oil (SO) is an important ...edible oil with many pharmacologic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of SO against DOX-induced nephropathy in the rat. In this study, two doses of SO (3 and 6 mL/kg) were administrated orally for six consecutive weeks and DOX (mg/kg) was intravenously injected on the 4
day of the experiment. Blood and urine samples were collected on days 1, 14, 30, and 42 for subsequent measurement of biochemical parameters. The left kidneys were removed for subsequent assessment of total thiol content, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, and renal activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. DOX caused significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia compared to control group. Significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities and total thiol contents and significant increase in MDA levels were also observed following DOX injection when compared to control group. Oral administration of SO significantly reversed DOX-induced proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia compared to DOX group. Furthermore, compared to DOX group, SO significantly increased total thiols content. MDA concentration significantly decreased following SO administration when compared to DOX group. The current study suggests that SO is able to improve kidney function as well as kidney tissue oxidative damage in DOX-induced nephrotic the rat.
Adulterated cooking oils and the repeated use of frying cooking oils are harmful to human health. Current techniques for the quality control of cooking oils such as gas chromatography and high ...performance liquid chromatography usually require expensive facilities, and they are complicated to operate. This paper describes a simple technique that uses magnetic levitation (MagLev) to analyse cooking oils based on density. We have demonstrated the application of MagLev to detect the quality of cooking oil by simulating adulterated sesame oil using peanut oil and frying soybean oil for different times. We have also demonstrated the use of MagLev to differentiate secondhand cooking oil from certified cooking oil. MagLev provides a portable and inexpensive method for the on-site inspection of cooking oils, and it may be extended to many other applications in food safety, environmental monitoring, medical diagnosis, and so on. The advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, and convenience of operation make MagLev especially useful for
in situ
applications in resource-limited settings.
We have developed a portable and inexpensive method that uses magnetic levitation (MagLev) for on-site quality inspection of cooking oils.
This study investigated the consumer awareness, consumption pattern and the quality of unrefined groundnut oil in comparison with soybean, sesame oil and palm olein obtained from stores in Ilorin ...South Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria using a structured questionnaire administered to 400 respondents. Approximately 36% of the respondents claimed to know that oil from groundnut oil is different from other vegetable oils. A greater number of the respondents (47%) do not consume oil from groundnuts. About 54% of the respondents use palm olein, which could be due to its availability in the market. Oil type did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect the sensory properties of fried chicken. This study provided information on the consumption pattern of groundnut oil and revealed misconceptions about the presence of cholesterol in groundnut oil. Future studies are essential to educate consumers that groundnut oil is cholesterol-free.
This research reports on the studied effect of the intensity of ultrasound (24 kHz) on the quality characteristics of olive oil, sesame oil, sunflower seed oil, and tallow olein. These ...characteristics (free acidity, peroxide value, conjugated dienes concentration, viscosity, iodine value, turbidity, color values, and melting behavior) were determined in oil samples before and after ultrasonic treatment. Changes in the oxidation parameters showed that the high-intensity ultrasound treatment accelerated the deterioration of oils. In most cases, extra-virgin sesame oil was most resistant to deterioration from sonicating treatments. The decreases in β-carotene content and Hunter values revealed that ultrasound might have good potential for bleaching oils at an appropriate intensity and frequency. The differential scanning calorimeter thermograms, viscosity, and turbidity results indicated that ultrasound probably accelerates the polymerization of the oils. The present study has confirmed that some changes in the physicochemical parameters or structures of oil components had occurred. These changes depended on the sources and initial conditions of the oils as well as the intensity of the applied ultrasound.
•Chylous leakage as an important complication after the abdominal operation•Oral administration of sesame oil before operation displaying and clamping the chylous tubes well•The method can prevent ...the chylous leakage.
A novel optosensing chip was constructed by anchoring the fluorescence sensing material layer based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) on a chip for highly ...selective and sensitive optosensing of sesamol in sesame oil. Many factors that affected the performance of the optosensing chip based on MIP-coated QDs are discussed. Under optimized conditions, the relative fluorescence intensity of the optosensing chip decreased linearly (r(2) > 0.99) with increasing sesamol concentration in the range from 2.4 × 10(-6) to 1.2 × 10(-3) mol L(-1) with a detection limit of 7.2 × 10(-8) mol L(-1). The relative standard deviation for five replicate detections of 4.8 × 10(-4) mol L(-1) sesamol was 2.2%. Recoveries of 94.8-102.3% were achieved by direct detection when the optosensing chip was used for the selective detection of sesamol in sesame oil. Practically, the optosensing approach showed high sensitivity, good selectivity, and excellent reproducibility for the detection of sesamol in real oil samples.
Purpose
Clofazimine (CFZ) is an FDA-approved, poorly soluble small molecule drug that precipitates as crystal-like drug inclusions (CLDIs) which accumulate in acidic cytoplasmic organelles of ...macrophages. In this study, we considered CLDIs as an expandable mechanopharmaceutical device, to study how macrophages respond to an increasingly massive load of endophagolysosomal cargo.
Methods
First, we experimentally tested how the accumulation of CFZ in CLDIs impacted different immune cell subpopulations of different organs. Second, to further investigate the mechanism of CLDI formation, we asked whether specific accumulation of CFZ hydrochloride crystals in lysosomes could be explained as a passive, thermodynamic equilibrium phenomenon. A cellular pharmacokinetic model was constructed, simulating CFZ accumulation driven by pH-dependent ion trapping of the protonated drug in the acidic lysosomes, followed by the precipitation of CFZ hydrochloride salt via a common ion effect caused by high chloride concentrations.
Results
While lower loads of CFZ were mostly accommodated in lung macrophages, increased CFZ loading was accompanied by organ-specific changes in macrophage numbers, size and intracellular membrane architecture, maximizing the cargo storage capabilities. With increasing loads, the total cargo mass and concentrations of CFZ in different organs diverged, while that of individual macrophages converged. The simulation results support the notion that the proton and chloride ion concentrations of macrophage lysosomes are sufficient to drive the massive, cell type-selective accumulation and growth of CFZ hydrochloride biocrystals.
Conclusion
CLDIs effectively function as an expandable mechanopharmaceutical device, revealing the coordinated response of the macrophage population to an increasingly massive, whole-organism endophagolysosomal cargo load.
Aspartame is an artificial sweetener, used worldwide and is one of the most controversial food additives, regarding its safety. Ongoing research has highlighted the cytotoxic effects of aspartame and ...the protective potential of sesame oil in mice. Mice of average weight (26 ± 2 g) were exposed to 40 µg/g/day of aspartame with and without sesame oil in various groups (n = 10) for 60 days. Before dissection, mice were acclimatized for one week. Blood was taken for serum biochemistry, meanwhile, liver and kidney tissues were processed for histopathology and to evaluate anti-oxidative and oxidative stress markers from liver and kidney homogenates. Mice body and organ weight increased in the aspartame group as compared to control. Significantly elevated levels of bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Urea and Creatinine were observed in the blood plasma of the aspartame group against control. Histopathological defects showed ballooning hepatocytes, vacuolations, congested central vein and proliferation of Kupffer cells in liver, renal hemorrhage, increased capsular space and glomerulosclerosis in kidneys of aspartame treated mice. In addition to anatomic defects aspartame exposure caused deteriorations in redox balance of the aforementioned tissues by decreasing GSH, SOD, catalase and increasing MDA levels significantly (p ≤ 0.001). Besides, co-administration of sesame oil with aspartame led to significant protection against aspartame-induced toxicities. Hence, aspartame can instigate biochemical and histopathological alterations in albino mice, while sesame oil has the potential to forfend these.
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