Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common subtype of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Recently Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the cutaneous lesions has been implicated in the pathogenesis. ...The role of skin microbiota in the symptom’s manifestation of CTCL remains unclear.
To characterize the regional skin microbiota changes in patients with MF and to identify skin microbial signatures associated with various symptoms and their severity.
Prospective pilot cross-sectional study of 39 patients with MF treated at CTCL interdisciplinary clinic at Moffitt Cancer Center from March 2019 to June 2019. Skin microbial samples were taken from the lesional skin and the contralateral nonlesional healthy skin from the same patient. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing was performed on the samples.
Tertiary referral center.
Thirty-nine patients with active biopsy-confirmed MF lesions were included. Patients with active skin infections or recent systemic or topic antibiotics use were excluded.
None.
Alpha diversity was measured using Shannon entropy and compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Beta diversity was visualized with a principal components analysis. The relative abundance of the OUT was compared between lesional and matched nonlesional skin using a T-test. The differences in genus-relative abundance in skin microbiota between the lesional and nonlesional skin were used to reflect changes. The changes in genus-relative abundance were correlated with the scores for symptoms.
Lesional skin appeared to have less bacterial diversity and richness than nonlesional skin, although differences were not statistically significant. Microbiota signatures associated with different symptoms or signs were identified. An increase in Staphylococcus in lesional skin was especially associated with pronounced erythema, and a decrease in Propionibacterium in lesional skin was associated with increased pain and skin thickness.
Our findings suggest a potential microbial role in changing disease phenotypes among patients with CTCL. Larger studies of the skin microbiota in patients with MF may further characterize these differences and support antibiotic treatments to mitigate CTCL symptoms and perhaps prevent disease progression.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease. The main initiating mechanisms of AD are disruptions in the skin microbiota, dysfunction of the skin barrier, and ...predominantly elevated type 2 immune responses. Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes ) is a commensal bacterium that is ubiquitous and predominant in healthy skin and shows intraspecific subtype diversity. The abundance of C. acnes is closely related to the sebum secreted by sebaceous glands. C. acnes has long been considered a proinflammatory skin bacterium that drives the development of acne vulgaris. Growing evidence indicates that C. acnes promotes skin microbiota homeostasis and skin barrier maintenance; however, the potential role of C. acnes in AD remains largely unexamined. This review provides the latest information on the distribution of C. acnes and its phylotypes in healthy skin and AD as well as an overview of the possible role of C. acnes in the pathophysiological pathways underlying AD. Additionally, the review focuses on new evidence regarding the protective functions of C. acnes and its metabolites in AD and discusses the potential for therapeutic applications.
Swabs were taken from 340 different sites of skin divided into four groups including; group 1/160 swabs, group 2/50 swabs, group 3/100 swabs, group 4/30 swabs, taken from 100 female patients’ skin ...before surgery at the site of cesarean incision from several positions before and after sterilization with 10% povidone-iodine and with 10% povidone-iodine mixed with 70% ethanol, and from infected surgical sites. The bacterial isolates were identified by phenotypic examination, biochemical tests, as well as VITEK-2 assay. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the prevalent bacteria isolated from skin sample sources in group 1,2, and 3 with a total rate 81% followed by Staphylococcus aureus which was dominant in group 4 that included surgical site infection swabs. In addition, other bacteria species were isolated from different skin sites such as Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Kocuria kristinae, Enterobacter cloacae, Aerococcus viridans, Pantoea, and Burkholderia cepacian. Most isolates had hemolytic activity and all of them showed Beta hemolysis except Aerococcus viridans that expressed alpha hemolysis. Most isolates from numerous bacterial groups showed moderate biofilm production.
Dysbiosis of fish skin microbiome and immunity by environmental pollutants are rarely studied in toxicological research in spite of their importance for fish health. In the present study, adult ...zebrafish were exposed to 0 and 10 μg/L of perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) for 40 days, with or without the supplementation of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus, with objectives to explore the interaction between PFBS pollutant and probiotic bacteria on skin mucosal microbiota and immune response. Amplicon sequencing analysis found that PFBS alone significantly disturbed the microbial community composition and abundance on the skin, favoring the growth of stress-tolerant bacteria (e.g., Deinococcus and Enhydrobacter genera). However, the administration of probiotic inhibited the dysbiosis of PFBS and shaped the skin microbiome in the combined exposure group. PFBS single exposure also promoted the production of mucus on the skin of male zebrafish, which may be related to the growth of Limnobacter bacteria. In contrast, probiotic supplements remarkably improved the immune functions in male skin mucus from the combined group, as evidenced by the consistent increases in lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin concentrations and peroxidase activity. Overall, the present study provides the first clue about the singular and combined effects of PFBS and probiotic on skin microbiota and immunity, highlighting the beneficial action of probiotic L. rhamnosus against PFBS stress.
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•Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) disturbed skin microbiota of zebrafish.•Probiotic additive inhibited the microbial dysbiosis of PFBS in skin mucus.•PFBS exposure promoted the production of mucus on male skin.•Probiotic remarkably improved the mucosal immune functions in coexposed males.•Mucus secretion may be related to the growth of Limnobacter bacteria.
Host-microbe symbioses rely on the successful transmission or acquisition of symbionts in each new generation. Amphibians host a diverse cutaneous microbiota, and many of these symbionts appear to be ...mutualistic and may limit infection by the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which has caused global amphibian population declines and extinctions in recent decades. Using bar-coded 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, we addressed the question of symbiont transmission by examining variation in amphibian skin microbiota across species and sites and in direct relation to environmental microbes. Although acquisition of environmental microbes occurs in some host-symbiont systems, this has not been extensively examined in free-living vertebrate-microbe symbioses. Juvenile bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana), adult red-spotted newts (Notophthalmus viridescens), pond water and pond substrate were sampled at a single pond to examine host-specificity and potential environmental transmission of microbiota. To assess population level variation in skin microbiota, adult newts from two additional sites were also sampled. Cohabiting bullfrogs and newts had distinct microbial communities, as did newts across the three sites. The microbial communities of amphibians and the environment were distinct; there was very little overlap in the amphibians' core microbes and the most abundant environmental microbes, and the relative abundances of OTUs that were shared by amphibians and the environment were inversely related. These results suggest that, in a host species-specific manner, amphibian skin may select for microbes that are generally in low abundance in the environment.
Background
Western lifestyle is associated with high prevalence of allergy, asthma and other chronic inflammatory disorders. To explain this association, we tested the ‘biodiversity hypothesis’, ...which posits that reduced contact of children with environmental biodiversity, including environmental microbiota in natural habitats, has adverse consequences on the assembly of human commensal microbiota and its contribution to immune tolerance.
Methods
We analysed four study cohorts from Finland and Estonia (n = 1044) comprising children and adolescents aged 0.5–20 years. The prevalence of atopic sensitization was assessed by measuring serum IgE specific to inhalant allergens. We calculated the proportion of five land‐use types – forest, agricultural land, built areas, wetlands and water bodies – in the landscape around the homes using the CORINE2006 classification.
Results
The cover of forest and agricultural land within 2–5 km from the home was inversely and significantly associated with atopic sensitization. This relationship was observed for children 6 years of age and older. Land‐use pattern explained 20% of the variation in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria on the skin of healthy individuals, supporting the hypothesis of a strong environmental effect on the commensal microbiota.
Conclusions
The amount of green environment (forest and agricultural land) around homes was inversely associated with the risk of atopic sensitization in children. The results indicate that early‐life exposure to green environments is especially important. The environmental effect may be mediated via the effect of environmental microbiota on the commensal microbiota influencing immunotolerance.
Rosacea is an inflammatory skin disease involving diverse symptoms with a variable clinical progress which can severely impact the patient's quality of life as well as their mental health. The ...pathophysiological model of rosacea involves an unbalanced immune system predisposed to excessive inflammation, in addition to vascular and nervous alterations, being certain cutaneous microorganisms' triggers of the symptoms onset. The gut-skin axis explains a bidirectional interaction between skin and gut microbiota in some inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or rosacea. The introduction and consolidation of the next-generation sequencing in recent years has provided unprecedented information about the microbiome. However, the characterization of the gut and skin microbiota and the impact of the gut-skin axis in patients with rosacea has been little explored, in contrast to other inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. Furthermore, the clinical evolution of patients with rosacea is not always adequate and it is common for them to present a sustained symptomatology with frequent flare-ups. In this context, probiotic supplementation could improve the clinical evolution of these patients as happens in other pathologies. Through this review we aim to establish and compile the basics and directions of current knowledge to understand the mechanisms by which the microbiome influences the pathogenesis of rosacea, and how modulation of the skin and gut microbiota could benefit these patients.
This work reports the recent results achieved at the SENSOR Lab, Brescia (Italy) to address the selectivity of metal oxide based gas sensors. In particular, two main strategies are being developed ...for this purpose: (i) investigating different sensing mechanisms featuring different response spectra that may be potentially integrated in a single device; (ii) exploiting the electronic nose (EN) approach. The former has been addressed only recently and activities are mainly focused on determining the most suitable configuration and measurements to exploit the novel mechanism. Devices suitable to exploit optical (photoluminescence), magnetic (magneto-optical Kerr effect) and surface ionization in addition to the traditional chemiresistor device are here discussed together with the sensing performance measured so far. The electronic nose is a much more consolidated technology, and results are shown concerning its suitability to respond to industrial and societal needs in the fields of food quality control and detection of microbial activity in human sweat.
Microalgae are a sustainable source of bioactive compounds like carotenoids, free fatty acids and especially polyunsaturated fatty acids. The extraction of such nonpolar metabolites usually involved ...nonpolar or toxic solvent like methanol or hexane. We report the first screening of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the extraction of pigments and free fatty acids from spirulina. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent with a wide range of polarity was screened, and the resulting extracts were compared according to their pigment and free fatty acid contents. The extraction performance was increased, and various metabolite profiles were obtained. A Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent based on glycerol/glucose exhibited a wide range of metabolites, which ranged from polar phycobiliproteins to free fatty acids. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent based on a fatty acid mixture demonstrated the highest selectivity towards free fatty acids. After intensification of the extraction process, 6 spirulina- Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent formulations and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent alone were evaluated in terms of the effects on cutaneous inflammation induced by Staphylococcus aureus, as well on 4 bacterial species that are part of the skin microbiota. The glycerol/glucose formulation exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect on keratinocytes stimulated by S. aureus. Nonpolar Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent alone and formulations impacted bacterial viability, especially for S. aureus, thus providing a new approach for the regulation of skin microbiota or product preservation.
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•Spirulina biorefinery using Natural Deep Eutectic solvent (NADES) was described.•18 NADES were screened and demonstrated various selectivity towards fatty acids.•Apolar NADES alone and formulation impacted bacterial viability of staphylococci.•NADES exhibited good safety towards keratinocytes.
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