Why Noncompliance traces the history of noncompliance within the European Union (EU), focusing on which states continuously do or do not follow EU Law, why, and how that affects the governance in the ...EU and beyond. n exploring the EU's long and varied history of noncompliance, Tanja A. Börzel takes a close look at the diverse groups of noncompliant states throughout the EU's existence. Why do states that are vocally critical of the EU have a better record of compliance than those that support the EU? Why has noncompliance been declining since the 1990s, even though the EU was adding member-states and numerous laws? Börzel debunks conventional wisdoms in EU compliance research, showing that noncompliance in the EU is not caused by the new Central and Eastern European member states, nor by the Eurosceptic member states. So why do these states take the brunt of Europe's misplaced ire? Why Noncompliance introduces politicization as an explanatory factor that has been long overlooked in the literature and scholarship surrounding the European Union. Börzel argues that political controversy combined with voting power and administrative capacity, explains why noncompliance with EU law has been declining since the completion of the Single Market, cannot be blamed on the EU's Central and Easter European member states, and is concentrated in areas where EU seeks to protect citizen rights.
Pandemija covida-19 je pospešila tehnološki razvoj in naložbe v tehnologijo, na podlagi česar se je oblikoval alternativni svet, ki omogoča izvajanje raznih aktivnosti in doživljanje raznovrstnih ...izkušenj na spletu. V ospredje prihaja pojem metavesolja, ki omogoča hkratno doživljanje resničnih in virtualnih izkušenj, ne glede na čas in prostor, v katerem je uporabnik, ter deluje kot posrednik in sredstvo, ki združuje resnično in virtualno okolje. Avtorica na podlagi sinteze in prilagoditve teorije družbeno-prostorske dialektike obravnava možne vplive razvoja metavesolja na (resnični) mestni prostor. Poda splošno oceno družbeno-prostorskih vplivov metavesolja in odpre prostor razpravi o tem vprašanju. Na podlagi pregleda literature ugotavlja, da naj bi tehnološki dosežki, kot je metavesolje, preuredili fizične in virtualne družbeno-prostorske odnose, z njihovo uporabo pa naj bi se oblikovale tudi nove družbeno-tehnološke skupine.
Za Južno Korejo sta bila v preteklosti značilna hiter gospodarski in urbani razvoj, ki so ju spodbujali intervencionistična država in špekulativni trgi. Javnost je bila iz odločanja večinoma ...izključena. Na preobrazbo južnokorejskih mest so poleg tega vplivale obsežne rušitve revnih sosesk in nasilne deložacije prebivalcev. Tako so se na lokalni ravni pojavile različne oblike družbene mobilizacije, katerih cilj je bil zaščititi interese prebivalcev in lokalnih skupnosti ter uveljaviti njihovo skupno pravico do mesta. Članek obravnava razvoj skupnostnega gibanja na območju Geumho-Haengdang-Hawangsimni v Seulu kot primeru družbene mobilizacije na lokalni ravni. Kvalitativna študija primera temelji na longitudinalni analizi vzrokov za nastanek, ciljev, organiziranosti in delovanja skupnostnega gibanja, s čimer želimo celoviteje razumeti pomen družbene mobilizacije na lokalni ravni za preobrazbo južnokorejskih mest. Izsledki študije kažejo, da je skupnostno gibanje pomembno vplivalo na krepitev skupnostnega povezovanja in s tem na preobrazbo mesta na različnih ravneh. Poleg tega študija opozarja na protisloven položaj skupnostnih gibanj v razmerju do države, saj morajo za uresničitev svojih ciljev z njo dejavno sodelovati, a hkrati ohraniti svojo finančno, organizacijsko in politično samostojnost. Skupnostno gibanje na območju Geumho-Haengdang-Hawangsimni v Seulu je bilo pri tem razmeroma uspešno, zaradi česar lahko predstavlja zgled samostojnega in dolgoročno vzdržnega skupnostnega povezovanja v mestih.
Latin America and the Caribbean are increasingly experiencing the effects of climate change. Over the past two decades, the countries in the region have experienced as many as 1 350 natural disasters ...attributable to the climate, affecting more than 170 million people.We analysed climate risks in Latin America and the Caribbean, expanding the analysis to understand what these risks imply for the financial sector, particularly for banks. We conclude that the aggregate physical climate risk of the banking sector is the highest in the Caribbean while for transition risk the picture is more homogenous. Finally, we note that capital flows for climate projects in the Latin America and the Caribbean region have been lagging other regions in the world. Against the backdrop of considerable financing needs, the international financial community and public development banks have an important role to play to support both public and private green investments providing long-term, patient funding at affordable rates and sharing part of the risks.
Laws of the Sea Braverman, Irus
2022, 2023, 20220803, Volume:
1
eBook
Open access
Laws of the Sea assembles scholars from law, geography, anthropology, and environmental humanities to consider the possibilities of a critical ocean approach in legal studies. Unlike the United ...Nations’ monumental Convention on the Law of the Sea, which imagines one comprehensive constitutional framework for governing the ocean, Laws of the Sea approaches oceanic law in plural and dynamic ways. Critically engaging contemporary concerns about the fate of the ocean, the collection’s twelve chapters range from hydrothermal vents through the continental shelf and marine genetic resources to coastal communities in France, Sweden, Florida, and Indonesia. Documenting the longstanding binary of land and sea, the chapters pose a fundamental challenge to European law’s “terracentrism” and its pervasive influence on juridical modes of knowing and making the world. Together, the chapters ask: is contemporary Eurocentric law—and international law in particular—capable of moving away from its capitalist and colonial legacies, established through myriad oceanic abstractions and classifications, toward more amphibious legalities? Laws of the Sea will appeal to legal scholars, geographers, anthropologists, cultural and political theorists, as well as scholars in the environmental humanities, political ecology, ocean studies, and animal studies.
Izvleček
Namen: V članku raziskujemo v literaturi pogosto spregledano vprašanje kolektivnega psihološkega opolnomočenja uporabnikov spletnih zdravstvenih skupnosti. Izhajajoč iz teorij opolnomočenja ...s področja psihologije skupnosti, preverjamo, kateri dejavniki, ki obenem odražajo pomembne lastnosti spletnih zdravstvenih skupnosti, so povezani s kolektivnim psihološkim opolnomočenjem njihovih uporabnikov.
Metode:
Vlogo štirih dejavnikov kolektivnega opolnomočenja smo analizirali s pomočjo multiple linearne regresije na podatkih, zbranih konec leta 2010 s spletno anketo na neverjetnostnem vzorcu (n = 235) aktivnih sodelujočih na forumih največje slovenske spletne zdravstvene skupnosti Med.over.net, ki je vključeval 8,5% moških, 49,7% vsaj visoko izobraženih in 41,5% poročenih anketirancev, ki so bili v povprečju stari 35,1 leta (SD = 9,1).
Rezultati:
Ugotavljamo, da se predstavljeni teoretični model dejavnikov ustrezno prilega podatkom (F = 8,65, df = 8, p < 0,001) in z njim lahko pojasnimo 23,4% variabilnosti občutka kolektivnega opolnomočenja. Občutek pripadnosti spletni skupnosti (β = 0,279, p < 0,001), vključenost v organizacijske aktivnosti skupnosti (0,194, 0,001) in zaznana participacija spletne skupnosti v širšem okolju (0,157, 0,02) vplivajo na kolektivno opolnomočenje uporabnikov spletne zdravstvene skupnosti Med.over.net, medtem ko tega ni mogoče trditi za intenzivnost participacije v forumskih razpravah (0,029, 0,65).
Zaključek:
Za povečevanje kolektivne komponente psihološkega opolnomočenja uporabnikov spletnih zdravstvenih skupnosti je treba v prvi vrsti graditi na kakovosti odnosov med člani, vključevanju članov v strateške odločitve o skupnosti in na vključenosti skupnosti v širše družbeno okolje, saj sama participacija uporabnikov v spletnih skupnosti še ne zagotavlja njihovega višjega kolektivnega opolnomočenja.
Abstract
Objective: This paper investigates the collective psychological empowerment of users of online health communities, which has been often overlooked in literature. Drawing on the theories of empowerment in the context of community psychology, it explores the factors - that are also an important characteristic of online health communities - that are associated with the collective psychological empowerment of online health community users.
Methods:
Four factors of collective empowerment were analysed and evaluated using multiple linear regression on the data collected at the end of 2010 through a web survey on a non-probability sample (n = 235) of active participants in the web forums on Med.over.net, the largest online health community in Slovenia. Among them 8.5% were male, 49.7% had some kind of university education and 41.5% were married respondents with a mean age of 35.1 years (SD = 9.1).
Results:
The study found that the theoretical model of factors adequately fits the data (F = 8.65, df = 8, p < 0.001), explaining 23.4% of the variability of collective empowerment. Sense of community (β = 0.279, p < 0.001), organisational involvement in community activities (0.194, 0.001), and perceived online health community participation in the wider environment (0.157, 0.02) contribute to the collective empowerment of users of the online health community Med.over.net. Conversely, the frequency of posting messages to online health forum discussions is not associated with collective empowerment (0.029, 0.65).
Conclusion:
In order to improve the collective empowerment of users of online health communities, it is necessary first of all to build on the quality of relationships between its members, involve them in strategic decisions of the community and foster online health community involvement in the wider social environment, since the participation of users in online communities itself does not lead to a higher level of their collective empowerment.
Zeleno je dobro Fakin Bajec, Jasna; Polajnar Horvat, Katarina; Kolenc, Petra ...
2019
eBook
Open access
This toolkit has been developed during the implementation of Urban Green Belts (UGB) project (Interreg, Central Europe) which main objective was to improve planning, management and decision-making ...capacities of the public sector related to urban green spaces, thus creating integrated sustainable UGS planning and management systems. Special attention was given to functional urban areas (FUA), a functional economic unit characterised by densely inhabited “urban cores” and “hinterlands” whose labour market is highly integrated with the cores. Following a comparative situation analysis, the partners jointly designed innovative methods and tools to facilitate sustainable UGS management. Presented toolkit has been primarily developed as a Model for a Community Involvement. The presented methods and tools for community building were tested in three pilot studies conducted in Maribor (Slovenia), Krakow (Poland), and Budapest (Hungary).
This special volume collects contributions from leading scholars who scrutinize the challenges digital finance presents for the EU internal market and financial market regulation from multiple public ...policy perspectives. Author contributions aim to provide policy-relevant research and ideas shedding light on the complexities of the digital finance promise. They also offer solid proposals for reform of EU financial services law.
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