Metodos En un ensayo aleatorizado por grupos en Odisha, India, se implemento una intervention para mejorar las normas descriptivas (las percepciones de las personas sobre cuantas otras personas ...consumen hierro y acido folico), las normas por mandato (las presiones sociales que las personas sienten para que tomen hierro y acido folico) y las normas colectivas (los niveles reales de consumo de hierro y acido folico). Se evaluaron los cambios en estas normas y el consumo de hierro y acido folico informado por los participantes en los grupos de control y de intervention despues de 6 meses (septiembre de 2019 a febrero de 2020). Se recopilaron datos de los grupos de control (n= 2048) y de intervention (n= 2060) al inicio y en el seguimiento (n= 1966 y n= 1987, respectivamente).
Using Bourdieu's sociological theories to examine social norms regarding music composition, this analytic autoethnography reflects upon previous experiences with unison singing and examines cultural ...artifacts to understand how family, community, and educational music experiences led to acquisition of a habitus in which complex compositions are preferred and consecrated. It addresses misrecognition of the privileging of an enculturated view of music that could lead to exclusivity, and which is out of sync with the values of inclusive community practice. Evison was awarded first place for this article in the Dr. Franklin Churchley Graduate Essay Competition. En utilisant les theories sociologiques de Bourdieu pour examiner les normes sociales concernant la composition musicale, cette autoethnographie analytique se penche sur les experiences anterieures de chants a l'unisson et sur les artefacts culturels pour comprendre comment les experiences musicales familiales, communautaires et educatives ont conduit a l'acquisition d'un habitus dans lequel les compositions complexes sont preferees et consacrees. Elle explique que privilegier l'enculturation de la musique est une posture exclusive, ce qui ne correspond pas aux valeurs issues des pratiques inclusives dans la communaute.
Background Social norm appeals are effective in promoting sustainable majority behavior but could backfire when the target behavior is only performed by a minority of people. However, emphasizing ...that an increasing number of people have started engaging in the behavior or that the majority approve the behavior might prevent such negative effects. However, only a few studies have investigated the combination of descriptive minority and injunctive majority social norm appeals, with inconsistent results. Some studies of minority behavior suggest that the characteristics of recipients might determine the inconsistent results regarding the impact of minority social norm appeals and that social norm appeals could have a greater impact on individuals with weaker environment related dispositions. Method Two two-wave studies investigated how descriptive minority appeals, injunctive majority appeals, and their combination can be used to motivate sustainable minority behavior and what role environment related dispositions play in this context. In the first part, perceived social norms, environment related dispositions, behavioral intentions, and pre-attitudes were measured. Two weeks later, respondents participated in a 3 (descriptive social norm appeal: static vs. dynamic vs. absent) × 2 (injunctive majority social norm appeal: present vs. absent) between-subjects experiment and watched an explainer video on voluntary carbon offsets that included various social norm appeals. Results In both studies, we found that social norm appeals influenced perceived social norms. However, persuasive effects were only observed in the first study, and an injunctive majority appeal increased persuasive outcomes, but there were no differences between the descriptive conditions and no differences in their impact depending on individuals’ environment related dispositions in either study. Discussion A single exposure may be insufficient to exert persuasive effects and the change in perceived social norms may first need to be internalized. In online explainer videos, the effects of social norm appeals could be amplified by algorithm-based suggestions and when social norm appeals draw attention to norm-conforming content. However, further research is required on the long-term effects and their possible amplification via social media.
China’s low fertility rates are a major concern across all sectors of society. Fertility is a major issue related to economy, society and family development. Based on social norms theory, this paper ...explores the influence of social norms on individuals’ fertility intentions from two perspectives: spatial proximity and social proximity. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies, we found that individual’s fertility intentions were influenced by social norms; both neighborhood social norms and group social norms had significant effects. The role of social norms in shaping individual fertility intentions varied by gender,
hukou
, and life course; specifically, men, rural residents, and married individuals were more significantly influenced by social norms. This study improves the theoretical framework of fertility decision making by arguing that in addition to macro and individual factors, social norms have a very important influence on fertility intentions. Our findings suggest that reshaping social norms regarding fertility is essential to enhance fertility rates in China.
This article looks at the mechanism of formation of new institutional traps in the labour market under conditions of digitalisation of the economy. In particular, the effects of coordination, ...training and pairing, as well as cultural inertia and lobbying, are analysed as structural elements of institutional traps, which in the labour market create prerequisites for the consolidation of specifc social norms that reduce the overall effciency of the economic system. It proposes that, when all the effects are implemented synchronously, they complement each other in such a way as to contribute to the formation of institutional traps in the labour market when digital technologies are introduced. This leads to an escalation of risks in the labour market, against the background of an aggravated contradiction between supply and demand, leading to a self-sustaining structural imbalance associated with the introduction of digitalisation tools. The article draws attention to inertia in the process of adaptation of public institutions, which prevents the optimal institutional set up being reached, as there is a contradiction between the previously formed model of behaviour of economic agents and the system of management.
Saving the modern soul Illouz, Eva; Illouz, Eva
2008., 20080203, 2008, 2008-03-04, 20080101
eBook
The language of psychology is all-pervasive in American culture--from The Sopranos to Oprah, from the abundance of self-help books to the private consulting room, and from the support group to the ...magazine advice column. Saving the Modern Soul examines the profound impact of therapeutic discourse on our lives and on our contemporary notions of identity. Eva Illouz plumbs today's particular cultural moment to understand how and why psychology has secured its place at the core of modern identity. She examines a wide range of sources to show how self-help culture has transformed contemporary emotional life and how therapy complicates individuals' lives even as it claims to dissect their emotional experiences and heal trauma.
This paper examines the relationship between historical cultural norms and attitudes towards loneliness, specifically within the context of second-generation immigrants. We uncover an ...intergenerationally transmitted cultural element that emphasizes restraint and adherence to strict rules characterizing highly-intensive pre-industrial agricultural systems. This cultural dimension significantly impacts how individuals perceive their social relationships and influences their likelihood of experiencing loneliness. Additionally, we demonstrate that the identified cultural trait serves as a predictor of loneliness in a two-stage model for health. Our research shows that loneliness directly impacts body mass index and specific mental health issues, and these findings hold true across a battery of sensitivity checks. The results add to the existing body of research highlighting the importance of attitudes in predicting economic and health outcomes, shedding light on how deeply ingrained geographical, cultural, and individual characteristics can shape economic development processes in both home and host countries.
•Attitudes towards loneliness are historically determined.•Intergenerationally transmitted norms shape the likelihood of loneliness.•Historical determinants of loneliness are used as exogenous source of loneliness.•Loneliness has a direct impact on body mass index and specific mental health issues.•The effect of instrumented loneliness is much larger in magnitude.
•Dictators and recipients believe each other to coordinate on self-serving norms.•Neither dictators nor recipients coordinate on self-serving descriptive norms.•Dictators only coordinate with fellow ...dictators on self-serving injunctive norms.•Descriptive norms correlate more strongly with behavior than injunctive norms.
We experimentally study role and reference group dependence in the elicitation of injunctive and descriptive social norms. Using mini-dictator games that are designed to reveal distributive motives, we vary whether dictators and recipients either separately or jointly coordinate on social norms. While elicited norms are stable in most constellations, we identify dictators to shift injunctive norms in a direction consistent with self-serving allocation outcomes when coordinating only among themselves. Eliciting beliefs about coordination outcomes shows that participants overestimate the divergences, as they expect them to be prevalent in all treatments and for both roles. Finally, we find descriptive social norms to correlate more strongly with dictator's allocation choices than injunctive norms.
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