Despite increasing empirical research documenting the association between parental ethnic-racial socialization and youth of color's psychosocial well-being, evidence on the extent to which ...ethnic-racial socialization practices are linked to youth outcomes and potential variation in these relations remains equivocal. In the current study, a meta-analysis of 102 studies with 803 effect sizes and 27,221 participants reveals that overall ethnic-racial socialization was positively, albeit modestly, associated with self-perceptions, interpersonal relationship quality, and internalizing behavior. Ethnic-racial socialization's overall association with externalizing behavior was nonsignificant. Moreover, ethnic-racial socialization's connection to psychosocial outcomes varied by the subtype that parents used, the developmental stage and race/ethnicity of the target child, and the reporter of ethnic-racial socialization. In particular, cultural socialization was positively associated with self-perceptions and interpersonal relationship quality and negatively associated with externalizing behaviors. In addition, ethnic-racial socialization's positive association with self-perceptions was strongest in early adolescence and among African American youth. These findings underscore the complexity of parental ethnic-racial socialization practices and the need for a nuanced perspective on it. Implications for parenting practices and future research are discussed.
Cet article a pour objet de comprendre le rôle tenu par les subordonnés dans la socialisation organisationnelle d’un repreneur d’entreprise. Se fondant sur huit études de cas de reprises externes de ...PME françaises économiquement saines, il montre l’existence d’une aide tridimensionnelle (cognitive, relationnelle et technique) de la part des subordonnés envers leur nouveau dirigeant. Il souligne aussi l’importance de variables contextuelles dans cette prise en charge comme leur préparation émotionnelle et opérationnelle par le cédant. Au-delà, cette recherche montre qu’au contact et sous l’impulsion de ce nouveau leader, se manifestent des besoins de resocialisation chez les subordonnés eux-mêmes.
As part of the centennial celebration for the Journal of Applied Psychology, this article reviews the literature on organizational socialization and mentoring. Our review includes a comparison of ...organizational socialization and mentoring as processes for employee adjustment and development, the historical context that fueled the emergence of these two areas of study, and a chronological mapping of key foundations, trends, themes that emerged across time, and major milestones. Along the way, a special emphasis is placed on research published in the Journal of Applied Psychology and high impact work is highlighted. We conclude with a discussion of five areas for future research. Specifically, we outline ideas for bridging the socialization and mentoring literatures, better understanding and capturing dynamic processes across time, the development of multilevel theories and models, addressing causality, and considering the implications for organizational socialization and mentoring research based on how technology is changing the way we work.
For youth and adults of color, prolonged exposure to racial discrimination may result in debilitating psychological, behavioral, and health outcomes. Research has suggested that race-based traumatic ...stress can manifest from direct and vicarious discriminatory racial encounters (DREs) that impact individuals during and after an event. To help their children prepare for and prevent the deleterious consequences of DREs, many parents of color utilize racial socialization (RS), or communication about racialized experiences. Although RS research has illuminated associations between RS and youth well-being indicators (i.e., psychosocial, physiological, academic, and identity-related), findings have mainly focused on RS frequency and endorsement in retrospective accounts and not on how RS is transmitted and received, used during in-the-moment encounters, or applied to reduce racial stress and trauma through clinical processes. This article explores how systemic and interpersonal DREs require literate, active, and bidirectional RS to repair from race-based traumatic stress often overlooked by traditional stress and coping models and clinical services. A novel theory (Racial Encounter Coping Appraisal and Socialization Theory RECAST), wherein RS moderates the relationship between racial stress and self-efficacy in a path to coping and well-being, is advanced. Greater RS competency is proposed as achievable through intentional and mindful practice. Given heightened awareness to DREs plaguing youth, better understanding of how RS processes and skills development can help youth and parents heal from the effects of past, current, and future racial trauma is important. A description of proposed measures and RECAST's use within trauma-focused clinical practices and interventions for family led healing is also provided.
We investigated the relations between gendered racial microaggressions (i.e., subtle gendered racism), gendered racial socialization, and traumatic stress symptoms among Black women. We hypothesized ...that gendered racial microaggressions would be significantly associated with traumatic stress symptoms and that gendered racial socialization would moderate the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. Participants were 226 Black women from across the United States who completed an online survey. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that a greater frequency of gendered racial microaggressions was significantly associated with greater traumatic stress symptoms; internalized gendered racial oppression moderated the relations between gendered racial microaggressions and traumatic stress symptoms. The results of this study can inform future research on Black women’s experiences of gendered racism and the role of gendered racial socialization in their lives. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index
Pour Michel Villac, la fécondité n’est pas un objectif majeur de la politique menée en France aujourd’hui. Celle-ci combine des aides financières en fonction de la taille de la famille et de son ...niveau de revenu, et des prestations de service pour l’accueil des jeunes enfants, visant en effet à la fois à favoriser l’emploi féminin et l’égalité entre femmes et hommes, et le développement et la socialisation des enfants. La politique familiale est néanmoins aujourd’hui le parent pauvre des politiques sociales. Elle sert ainsi plus souvent de caisse de réserve pour abonder les autres régimes sociaux en difficulté financière (maladie, retraites) que de levier pour améliorer la réponse aux besoins sociaux des familles. De ce point de vue, la lutte contre la pauvreté des enfants devrait ainsi devenir un enjeu prioritaire.
A substantial literature has focused on how ethnic‐racial socialization from parents shapes youths' racial identities and the meanings they attach to their own and others' racial group membership. We ...argue that a critically important source of information to youth about the meaning and significance of race, and therefore a key source of ethnic‐racial socialization, resides in youths' exposure to repeated patterns in the relative social experiences, opportunities, roles, and outcomes experienced by two or more racial groups across levels of the ecological environment. Drawing on Seidman's concept of a “social regularity” we propose the concept of a “racial regularity” to name, describe and define pervasive and repeated intergroup patterns that youth observe through their daily transactions across settings. Additionally, drawing from the socio‐cognitive developmental literature, we consider why and how racial regularities may inform youths' racial knowledge. Finally, we illustrate our perspective using existing ethnographies of racial dynamics in schools and neighborhoods vis‐à‐vis youths' racial knowledge.
Highlights
Children and adolescents learn about the meaning of race from their everyday experiences in settings.
The experiences of and roles occupied by racial groups in a setting relative to each other are key.
We need studies in which settings are the unit of measurement and analysis for fuller understanding.
Experiences of racial and ethnic discrimination pose significant threats to the development and well‐being of racial and ethnic minority children. Fortunately, not all youth who experience ...discrimination are susceptible to its harmful effects. Growing evidence points to several racial and ethnic factors that promote positive youth development and protect against the potentially damaging effects of racial and ethnic adversity. This article summarizes emerging research trends and conclusions regarding the “promotive” and “protective” effects of racial and ethnic identity, ethnic‐racial socialization, and cultural orientation, as well as some of the mechanisms that may account for their salutary properties. The article concludes with a brief discussion of important considerations and directions for the future study of racial and ethnic resilience processes in ethnic minority youth.
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