This open access textbook offers a practical guide into research ethics for undergraduate students in the social sciences. A step-by-step approach of the most viable issues, in-depth discussions of ...case histories and a variety of didactical tools will aid the student to grasp the issues at hand and help him or her develop strategies to deal with them. This book addresses problems and questions that any bachelor student in the social sciences should be aware of, including plagiarism, data fabrication and other types of fraud, data augmentation, various forms of research bias, but also peer pressure, issues with confidentiality and questions regarding conflicts of interest. Cheating, ‘free riding’, and broader issues that relate to the place of the social sciences in society are also included. The book concludes with a step-by-step approach designed to coach a student through a research application process.
This essay argues that Lamont's Seeing Others constitutes both an example of, and call for, public sociology. Overviewing Lamont's approach to change agents and recognition chains, I question what ...role sociologists can play as change agents. This involves both a brief historical overview of Du Bois' approach to recognition and social research, before putting forward some methodological questions about how to instigate an "ordinary humanism" in one's research practice.
Algumas convenções concetuais e linguísticas da Sociologia portuguesa assentam em exclusões e estereótipos de género que podem enviesar conhecimentos e reforçar desigualdades. Neste artigo, ...problematizo essas convenções, analiso os seus efeitos científicos e demonstro os seus potenciais impactos em participantes e na sociedade. Argumentando que é urgente refletir consciente e criticamente sobre a construção do género na Sociologia em Portugal, recorro a contributos das críticas feministas para propor estratégias que podem ser aplicadas por sociólogxs de todas as áreas temáticas para pensar e escrever sobre género de forma mais reflexiva, rigorosa e responsável.
Several conceptual and linguistic conventions in Portuguese Sociology are grounded on gendered exclusions and stereotypes which can skew knowledge and reinforce inequalities. In this article, I problematise some of those conventions, analysing their scientific effects and demonstrating their potential impacts on participants and society. Arguing that it is urgent to reflect consciously and critically on the construction of gender within Sociology in Portugal, I draw on insights from feminist critiques to propose strategies that can be applied by sociologists across all areas of expertise to think and write about gender in a more reflexive, rigorous and responsible way.
Dieses Open-Access-Buch bietet theoretische Grundlagen und praktische Beispiele zur Förderung der professionellen Unterrichtswahrnehmung von (angehenden) Lehrkräften im sozialwissenschaftlichen ...Fachunterricht. Im Fokus steht das Potential von Animationsfilmen realer Unterrichtsszenen, die mit diesem Band erstmals als innovatives Lehr-/Lernmedium für die Lehrer*innenbildung vorgestellt werden. Die Autor*innen konzeptionalisieren einen fachdidaktischen Zugang zum allgemeindidaktischen Modell der professional vision und präsentieren systematisch erprobte und modular einsetzbare Lehr-/Lernmaterialien zur Arbeit mit Animationsfilmen in der Lehrer*innenbildung. Alle vorgestellten Lehr-/Lernmaterialien sowie die Animationsfilme von Unterricht sind für Interessierte frei zugänglich und im Band entsprechend verlinkt.
This open access book explores an approach that connects individual and societal processes throughout history and shifting trends in sociological perspectives, influenced by C. Wright Mills’ theories ...of time and temporality. It traces its origins from American pragmatist thought and Chicago qualitative sociology in the early 20th century to the revival of biographical research in European and American sociology during the 1970s. The book shows empirical studies from this vibrant research approach can bridge methodological gaps between qualitative and quantitative biographical studies, applicable to various topics like class, gender, ethnicity, and intergenerational dimensions.
In diesem Open-Access-Buch werden mittels Experteninterviews aus verschiedenen Akteursperspektiven Koordinationsprozesse zwischen Schulleitung, Schulaufsicht, Schulinspektion und ...Schulentwicklungsberatung untersucht. Es ist ein seit Jahren robuster Befund, dass sich der Transfer von Ergebnissen der Schulinspektion in die Schulentwicklungspraxis nicht im erwarteten Maße erfüllt. In der Hoffnung auf nachhaltigere Effekte an Schulen gerät bei der Diskussion um Schulinspektion in Deutschland die Zusammenarbeit beteiligter Akteure zunehmend in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit. Christina Luig arbeitet anhand von Experteninterviews aus verschiedenen Akteursperspektiven Modi der Handlungskoordination heraus und identifiziert vorherrschende Handlungslogiken, die auf Steuerungsproblematiken und Rollenkonflikte im Akteurskonglomerat hinweisen. So lassen sich die Transferbedingungen von Inspektionsdaten in die Schulentwicklungspraxis besser verstehen und Überlegungen skizzieren, in welche Richtung sich Schulinspektion weiterdenken lassen sollte.
Sociologists have increasingly drawn on the cognitive sciences to better theorize how culture works. While this shift has improved understandings of the distinct qualities of practical and discursive ...modes of cognition, limited consideration has been given to the cognitive structures that scaffold cultural understandings. This article theorizes the influence of “image schemas” in structuring cultural understandings beneath the level of conscious awareness. After outlining how image schemas can be identified in interviews, I reconstruct how 50 religious Americans unconsciously “imagine” religion's role in their lives. Focusing on the implicit rather than respondents' explicit discourse, I identify five image schemas that structure Americans' religious understandings. Although respondents' understandings often appear incoherent and inconsistent at the level of explicit discourse, I show that they are coherent and consistent at the level of implicit image schemas. I then use factor analysis to identify patterns in these implicit understandings across social divisions. I conclude by discussing the promise of image schema analysis for improving studies of religion and other areas, as well as for theorizing how culture works.
The use of the cryptocurrency share indicator in the total money supply as a tool for measuring public confidence in authority, allowing you to conduct an objective analysis using economic, financial ...indicators in order to give them a sociological assessment and develop recommendations for creating confidence management technologies. Cryptocurrency properties as antifiduciary money are considered. It is proved why an increase in the share of cryptocurrency in the money supply can be considered as a sign of a decrease in public confidence in the state. The prospects of statistics that allow tracking the dynamics of the cryptocurrency share in the money supply are analyzed. The advantages of the proposed confidence measurement tool compared to sociological survey, sociological experiment and introduction of indirect institutional indicators are demonstrated. Properties of Cryptocurrency as Antifiduciary Money as a Tool for Measuring Public Confidence in Power
This open access book explores some of the struggles and challenges that researchers and practitioners face when conducting research in the Central Asian research setting. Written for scholars still ...in the planning stages of their research, it addresses key questions, including: How shall we problematize and reconceptualize the concept of positionality through lenses of local voices from the region? How does practitioners’ and scholars’ positionality contribute to their experiences of inclusion, exclusion, and access to the field? How do scholars navigate issues of personal safety and mental well-being in the more closely monitored societies of Central Asia? The book includes contributors from both Central Asia and Western countries, paying particular attention to the ways researchers’ subjectivity shape how they are received in the region, which, in turn, influences how they write about and disseminate their research. In featuring an even greater variety of voices, this book fills an important gap in the literature on field research and knowledge production in and on Central Asia.
The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programme (ERAS) is an approach to the perioperative care of patients encompassing multiple interventions and involving a wide range of different actors. It can ...thus be defined as a complex intervention. Despite the strength of the evidence-base in its support, the implementation of ERAS has been slow. This paper specifically explores the utility of Normalization Process Theory (NPT) as a methodological framework to aid exploration of ERAS implementation, with a focus on the core NPT construct coherence.
The study employed qualitative methods guided by NPT. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty-six healthcare professionals working in three specialities (thoracic, colorectal, head and neck) in a UK hospital. Data were analysed using an adapted Framework Approach.
Coherence, or sense-making work, was key to successful implementation and demonstrated in the importance of participants believing in ERAS both as an individual and as a team. In order to invest in ERAS individuals needed to be able to differentiate its practices favourably with those enacted pre-implementation (differentiation). Participants also needed to understand their specific tasks and responsibilities (individual specification) and build a shared understanding (communal specification), resolving differences in planning meetings. Belief in the worth of ERAS was often aligned to evidence for its effectiveness or benefit to patients (internalization), so implementing ERAS therefore 'made sense'. Sense-making work had strong links with aspects of implementation related to other NPT constructs including resource issues such as funding for data collection and feedback (reflexive monitoring: systemization) and failure to replace key staff members (collective action: skill set workability).
NPT was found to be a valuable heuristic device to employ in the exploration of ERAS implementation processes. NPT was useful in facilitating recognition of the importance of coherence work to successful implementation. However despite participants' strong beliefs in the worth of ERAS, it was in translating these beliefs into action that barriers were encountered, highlighting the interconnectedness of NPT constructs and the complicated nature of implementing complex interventions.
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