•Overview of modeling approaches, formulations, problem classes, and solution techniques.•Overview of methods for uncertainty mitigation.•Overview of tools for modeling, co-simulation, control ...design, and optimization.•A unified framework with focus on the real-world applications.•Standardized control performance assessment methodology.
It has been proven that advanced building control, like model predictive control (MPC), can notably reduce the energy use and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, despite intensive research efforts, the practical applications are still in the early stages. There is a growing need for multidisciplinary education on advanced control methods in the built environment to be accessible for a broad range of researchers and practitioners with different engineering backgrounds. This paper provides a unified framework for model predictive building control technology with focus on the real-world applications. From a theoretical point of view, this paper presents an overview of MPC formulations for building control, modeling paradigms and model types, together with algorithms necessary for real-life implementation. The paper categorizes the most notable MPC problem classes, links them with corresponding solution techniques, and provides an overview of methods for mitigation of the uncertainties for increased performance and robustness of MPC. From a practical point of view, this paper delivers an elaborate classification of the most important modeling, co-simulation, optimal control design, and optimization techniques, tools, and solvers suitable to tackle the MPC problems in the context of building climate control. On top of this, the paper presents the essential components of a practical implementation of MPC such as different control architectures and nuances of communication infrastructures within supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. The paper draws practical guidelines with a generic workflow for implementation of MPC in real buildings aimed for contemporary adopters of this technology. Finally, the importance of standardized performance assessment and methodology for comparison of different building control algorithms is discussed.
Review of fractional PID controller Shah, Pritesh; Agashe, Sudhir
Mechatronics (Oxford),
September 2016, 2016-09-00, Volume:
38
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Fractional calculus has been studied for over three centuries, and it has multifarious applications in science and engineering. This review investigates its progress since the first reported use of ...control systems, covering the fractional PID proposed by Podlubny in 1994, and is presenting a state-of-the-art fractional PID controller, incorporating the latest contributions in this field. It highlights developments in the field of fractional PID controllers, including their design and tuning, as well as explores their various versions. Software tools associated to the design of fractional PID controllers are also discussed.
•Improved thermal models for Floating Photovoltaic systems is proposed.•The performances of used software tools have been verified experimentally.•The optimal geometrical configurations of floating ...photovoltaics are investigated.•A comparison of monofacial or bifacial Photovoltaic modules in floating systems is considered.
The aim of this study is to create usable commercial simulation software tools for photovoltaic (PV) systems even in the case of floating applications. Using the experimental data of a plant installed at the “Enel Innovation Lab” in Catania (IT), adequate heat exchange coefficients of the software's thermal models were found, which allowed us to take into account the thermal effects for these types of installations. An optimization of the sizes for mono- and bifacial floating systems was carried out. The simulated data for a ground system were compared with the floating data through performance indices. In addition, monofacial models were compared with bifacial. The optimized variables are the tilt angle and the pitch, whereas for the bifacial systems, the module elevation is also considered. The albedo is a sensitive factor mainly for the bifacial modules, so it was considered a parameter in the different design solutions. The simulations were performed by two specialized commercial software programs, where different PV system models are implemented. The normalized annual energy yield was chosen as a meaningful parameter with which to compare the different solutions. As the analysis of PV systems is highly site dependent, the study was developed for two locations, characterized by different diffuse and albedo solar irradiance components, specifically at high latitudes (Frankfurt, DE) and at intermediate latitudes (Catania, IT).
This review provides a brief overview of the development of data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and selected DIA data analysis tools. Various DIA acquisition schemes ...for proteomics are summarized first including Shotgun‐CID, DIA, MSE, PAcIFIC, AIF, SWATH, MSX, SONAR, WiSIM, BoxCar, Scanning SWATH, diaPASEF, and PulseDIA, as well as the mass spectrometers enabling these methods. Next, the software tools for DIA data analysis are classified into three groups: library‐based tools, library‐free tools, and statistical validation tools. The approaches are reviewed for generating spectral libraries for six selected library‐based DIA data analysis software tools which are tested by the authors, including OpenSWATH, Spectronaut, Skyline, PeakView, DIA‐NN, and EncyclopeDIA. An increasing number of library‐free DIA data analysis tools are developed including DIA‐Umpire, Group‐DIA, PECAN, PEAKS, which facilitate identification of novel proteoforms. The authors share their user experience of when to use DIA‐MS, and several selected DIA data analysis software tools. Finally, the state of the art DIA mass spectrometry and software tools, and the authors’ views of future directions are summarized.
In the operation of biorefineries, performing a quantitative, economic, and environmental assessment of process equipment design without the use of related software, is time-consuming, difficult, and ...sometimes impossible due to the complexity and high volume of calculations. The wrong choice of software in simulation and modeling can cause a lot of damages and lead to inaccurate results. Therefore, choosing an integrated system and specialized software can be the most important tool to achieve the planned goals. This study is aimed to investigate how and when to make the right software choice to enhance the performance and profits and diminish the risks, operating costs, and environmental impacts. The software used in the stages of cultivation, harvesting, conversion of microalgae, process optimization, and environmental impact assessment of biorefineries are introduced in various sections of this study, and the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are given along with some practical examples. The software tools investigated in this study include Aspen plus, SuperPro Designer, BioSTEAM, IPSEpro, WinGEMS, Unisim Design, Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery (VSB) modeling software, Simapro, OpenLCA, and, etc., which can be used according to feed and process conditions and products. To our knowledge, we did not encounter any similar reviews or reports, and this review is the first of its kind on this topic.
Display omitted
•Software tools for microalgae biorefineries were presented.•Biofuel production modeling and optimization was investigated.•How and when to choose the right software was developed.•Reduction of the risks, operating costs, and environmental impacts by software was introduced.
Intact glycopeptide identification has long been known as a key and challenging barrier to the comprehensive and accurate understanding the role of glycosylation in an organism. Intact glycopeptide ...analysis is a blossoming field that has received increasing attention in recent years. MS-based strategies and relative software tools are major drivers that have greatly facilitated the analysis of intact glycopeptides, particularly intact N-glycopeptides. This article provides a systematic review of the intact glycopeptide-identification process using MS data generated in shotgun proteomic experiments, which typically focus on N-glycopeptide analysis. Particular attention is paid to the software tools that have been recently developed in the last decade for the interpretation and quality control of glycopeptide spectra acquired using different MS strategies. The review also provides information about the characteristics and applications of these software tools, discusses their advantages and disadvantages, and concludes with a discussion of outstanding tools.
Display omitted
•Summarize the development of software tools for intact glycopeptide analysis.•Survey the MS acquisition strategies for glycopeptide spectrum acquisition.•Conclude the quality control methods for glycopeptide-spectrum matching.•Show the application of intact glycopeptide analysis in glycoproteomic research.
This article provides a systematic review of the most recent MS-based strategies and corresponding software tools for the analysis of intact glycopeptides, particularly intact N-glycopeptides, reported in the last decade, including the process of identifying N-glycopeptides from MS data, the existing methods of MS data acquisition and interpretation, the quality control methods, the display of results, and the software applications.
Identification and quantitative determination of analytes released from food contact materials (FCMs) is still an analytical challenge for scientists since neither chemical nor spectral databases nor ...analytical standards are available. Gas and liquid chromatography hyphenated to a variety of accurate mass analyzers based on the use of high-resolution have been used for this purpose. In this review, we present an overview of current approaches based on high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAMS) analysis, particularly based on software tools for data acquisition and data processing used for the identification of unknown migrants coming from plastic FCMs. The main advantages and disadvantages of identification strategies have been put into evidence. A summary of the different intentionally and non-intentionally added substances identified or tentatively identified in plastic FCMs using HRAMS analysis has also been presented. Finally, we discuss the main current risk assessment strategies for food packaging migration studies found in the literature.
•Challenges of identification of unknown migrants from FCMs.•Current approaches in HRAMS analysis of plastic packaging materials are presented.•Main non-targeted screening strategies for migrants analysis are commented.•Discussion of limitations in the non-targeted screening analysis.•Food packaging migration risk assessment strategies are described.
The arrival of different renewable energy and storage technologies with lower costs is helping smaller communities to gain access to affordable electricity resources through energy systems fed from ...heterogeneous generation resources. With the growing popularity of Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HRES), a novel kind of end-user software tool has also emerged to help planners optimize such energy installations. At the same time, there is an increase in the number of research articles that warn about the need for considering social indicators such as job creation and social acceptance when designing HRESs in addition to the usual considerations of economical, technical, and environmental criteria. Consequently, the design of HRESs could also be optimized by adding such new social parameters. Mainly, this article presents a complete review of the most popular tools for designing HRESs, and the main conclusion of this survey is that these tools do not consider social factors which is a real opportunity to boost the capabilities of such software packages. Also, this research provides valuable information for the developers of HRES optimization tools, providing them, on the one hand, with insights about the advantages of including social parameters during technology assessment and, on the other hand, with a guide to help them with selecting the most pertinent tool at each case, allowing designers to make the most of the socio-demographic structures and obtain more advantages from local renewable resources.
•A review and assessment of hybrid renewable energy systems is done.•An analysis about social indicators within these platforms is carried out.•An evaluation of the hybrid research energy tools optimization is presented.•A characterisation to a lot of hybrid renewable energy tools is made.•A link between hybrid renewable energy systems and its social impact is made.
•Critical assessment of currently common approaches to design and optimisation.•Proposal for criteria addressing environmental and socio-political design goals.•Detailed list of proposed parameters ...and variables.•Survey of design studies incorporating fuel cells.•Survey of optimisation software tools.
Electricity generation presents the biggest opportunity to lower CO2 emissions and it is foreseen that hydrogen energy technology will play an important role in realising the scenario to cap global warming at 2°C through replacement of fossil fuels with renewables. The transition to electric power for transport in battery- and fuel-cell-electric vehicles will further increase the need for low-carbon electricity generation. For a successful transition to a renewable energy economy the traditional approach of designing energy systems to meet only goals related to the technology (capacity, availability, reliability) and economics (return on investment, cost to the consumer) must evolve to take on a more holistic viewpoint and be able to take into account other goals addressing environmental and social considerations.
This paper reviews approaches for integrating hydrogen energy technology into hybrid energy systems, emphasising electricity generation using a hydrogen fuel cell. Integration of energy storage, sizing methodologies, energy flow management and their associated optimization algorithms and software implementation are addressed. Few published case studies go beyond technical considerations. This reality is discussed in the light of available software packages. A four-dimensional multi-objective meta-heuristic function is proposed with weighting of technical, economic, environmental and socio-political factors to suit the design goals for the energy system.
Zusammenfassung In Deutschland besteht seit einigen Jahren ein erhöhtes Aufkommen von Patientenfällen in der Notaufnahme, bei welchen es sich oft nicht um Notfälle für das Krankenhaus handelt. Zur ...Verbesserung der Triage und Lenkung der Patientenströme wurde das Triage-System SmED (Strukturierte medizinische Ersteinschätzung in Deutschland) entwickelt. Dieses zertifizierte Medizinprodukt soll sowohl die Dringlichkeit von Alltagsbeschwerden als auch den adäquaten medizinischen Versorgungsbedarf zielgerichtet, schneller und sicherer einschätzen. Mit Handlungsvorschlägen unterstützt es medizinisches Fachpersonal bei der Triage, wobei die Endverantwortung beim Fachpersonal selbst bleibt. Für das Fachgebiet der HNO-Heilkunde erfolgte anhand von 9 spezifischen Notfällen eine inhaltliche Überprüfung hinsichtlich der Plausibilität und der Patientensicherheit im Kopf-Hals-Bereich. Die Fälle wurden durch 9 HNO-Fachärzte simuliert und anhand des Medizinprodukts SmED durch medizinisches Fachpersonal und Studierende der Medizin triagiert, indem eine Versorgungsebene sowie ein -Versorgungszeitpunkt (Dringlichkeit) zugeordnet wurde. Die Mehrzahl der Fälle wurde korrekt zugeordnet. Das Ersteinschätzungssystem SmED stellt eine gute Möglichkeit dar, dringliche Krankheitsbilder der Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde einzuschätzen. Langfristiges Ziel der Ersteinschätzung ist es, Kapazitäten von Ambulanzen zukünftig zu entlasten. Um dies zu erreichen und Patientenwartezeiten zu verkürzen, wäre es notwendig, zügig auf die HNO-Fachdisziplin zu verweisen. Es gilt daher sicherzustellen, dass über das Online-Tool Patienten an einen HNO-Bereitschaftsdienst weitergeleitet werden.
Abstract In Germany, an increased volume of patient cases in the emergency department has been observed for several years, many of which do not represent hospital emergencies. To improve the triage and management of patient flows, the Structured Initial Medical Assessment ( Strukturierte medizinische Ersteinschätzung in Deutschland , SmED) triage system was developed. This certified medical product is intended to assess both the urgency of everyday complaints and their adequate medical care in a targeted, faster, and safer manner. It supports medical professionals in triage by suggesting courses of action, whereby the ultimate responsibility remains with the professionals themselves. For otorhinolaryngology, a content review was carried out with regard to plausibility and patient safety in the head and neck region on the basis of nine specific emergencies. The cases were simulated by nine otorhinolaryngologists and triaged on the basis of the SmED by medical staff and medical students by assigning a care level and timepoint (urgency). The majority of cases were correctly assigned. The SmED initial assessment system is a good tool for assessing urgent clinical pictures in ear, nose, and throat (ENT) medicine. The long-term goal of the initial assessment is to relieve the capacities of outpatient departments. In order to achieve this and to shorten patient waiting times, it would be necessary to refer patients quickly to otorhinolaryngology. It is therefore necessary to ensure that patients are referred to an ENT on-call service via the online tool.
PDF
