Latar Belakang: Obesitas merupakan masalah epidemi dunia yang mengalami kenaikan secara terus menerus. Obesitas berpengaruh negatif pada beberapa fungsi dalam tubuh yaitu termasuk fungsi reproduksi ...(fertilitas). Prevalensi pasangan infertil di Indonesia pada tahun 2013 sebesar 15-25% dengan infertilitas pada pria menyumbang 25-30% dari total kasus infertilitas. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara obesitas dan infertilitas pada pria usia produktif. Metode: Studi penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review bersumber dari hasil penelitian berdasarkan kriteria inklusi berupa literatur berkredibel baik dengan topik obesitas dan infertilitas pria sebanyak 8 penelitian observasional. Referensi yang tidak dapat diakses secara full text dan penelitian pada hewan uji coba termasuk dalam kriteria ekskusi penelitian. Ulasan: Obesitas dapat mempengaruhi kesuburan pria secara langsung atau tidak langsung melalui beberapa mekanisme perubahan profil hormonal. Obesitas dapat menyebabkan adanya perubahan androgen menjadi estrogen secara berlebihan sehingga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas aromatase dan reproduksi selanjutnya sehingga ketidakseimbangan ini dapat menurunkan kualitas dari sperma. Pada keadaan obesitas sendiri menyebabkan kadar leptin plasma yang tinggi. Peningkatan stres oksidatif yang diinduksi leptin dan produksi reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang tidak terkendali sehingga berdampak negatif pada fluiditas membran plasma sperma, merusak motilitas sperma, dan meningkatkan kerusakan DNA (deoxyribonuclealic acid) sperma. Kesimpulan: Peningkatan body mass index (BMI) meningkatkan risiko kejadian penurunan parameter sperma yang mengacu pada peningkatan derajat infertilitas pada pria. Pria obesitas dapat meningkatkan risiko perubahan parameter sperma secara kuantitatif (volume, jumlah, dan konsetrasi) serta kualitatif (motilitas, morfologi, dan DNA sperma).
The genetic basis of nonobstructive azoospermia is unknown in the majority of infertile men.
We performed array comparative genomic hybridization testing in blood samples obtained from 15 patients ...with azoospermia, and we performed mutation screening by means of direct Sanger sequencing of the testis-expressed 11 gene (TEX11) open reading frame in blood and semen samples obtained from 289 patients with azoospermia and 384 controls.
We identified a 99-kb hemizygous loss on chromosome Xq13.2 that involved three TEX11 exons. This loss, which was identical in 2 patients with azoospermia, predicts a deletion of 79 amino acids within the meiosis-specific sporulation domain SPO22. Our subsequent mutation screening showed five novel TEX11 mutations: three splicing mutations and two missense mutations. These mutations, which occurred in 7 of 289 men with azoospermia (2.4%), were absent in 384 controls with normal sperm concentrations (P=0.003). Notably, five of those TEX11 mutations were detected in 33 patients (15%) with azoospermia who received a diagnosis of azoospermia with meiotic arrest. Meiotic arrest in these patients resembled the phenotype of Tex11-deficient male mice. Immunohistochemical analysis showed specific cytoplasmic TEX11 expression in late spermatocytes, as well as in round and elongated spermatids, in normal human testes. In contrast, testes of patients who had azoospermia with TEX11 mutations had meiotic arrest and lacked TEX11 expression.
In our study, hemizygous TEX11 mutations were a common cause of meiotic arrest and azoospermia in infertile men. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
Radiasi gelombang elektromagnetik mempengaruhi kualitas sperma, yaitu menurunkan motilitas (daya gerak) dan viabilitas (daya tahan). Mencit (Mus musculus) dapat digunakan sebagai hewan percobaan ...dikarenakan sistem reproduksinya hampir sama seperti manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh medan listrik statis terhadap gerak acak dan daya tahan sperma mencit dalam keadaan ex vivo. Sperma mencit yang telah diencerkan dengan larutan fisiologis NaCl 0,9% dimasukkan ke dalam hemasitometer yang diletakkan diantara dua plat besi yang dihubungkan dengan sumber tegangan DC. Jarak antara kedua plat adalah d = 7,5 cm dan besar tegangan sumber (ΔV = 0 V dan ΔV = 12,5 V). Pergerakan sperma diamati menggunakan mikroskop flouresensi kemudian direkam dengan menggunakan software NIS elements. Sperma tanpa medan listrik (ΔV = 0) memiliki daya tahan selama 60 menit lebih lama dibandingkan sperma yang dipengaruhi medan listrik (ΔV = 12,5 V), hanya memiliki daya tahan selama 30 menit. Sperma bergerak acak ke segala arah apabila tanpa pengaruh medan listrik, akan tetapi sperma bergerak acak dan cenderung bergerak ke plat positif apabila berada dalam pengaruh medan listrik. Kualitas sperma normal dicirikan memiliki sperma yang bergerak zig-zag dan cepat sebesar 25%.
Self-reported psychological stress has been associated with decreased semen quality. Cortisol levels in scalp hair (hair cortisol concentration, HCC) has emerged as a potential objective marker of ...psychological stress. Thus, we investigated if HCC was associated with markers of testicular function. Furthermore, we examined whether three common single nucleotide polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid-receptor gene (NR3C1, chromosome 5), potentially affecting receptor sensitivity, were associated with HCC and could influence the studied association between HCC and testicular function.
Cross-sectional study.
We analysed HCC, serum-levels of reproductive hormones, semen parameters, and the three NR3C1-polymorphisms; BclI (rs41423247), Tth111I (rs10052957), and 9β (rs6198), in a population of 696 men from the general population.
HCC was not associated with testicular function, and adjustment for the three NR3C1-polymorphisms did not alter the results. However, HCC increased significantly with the number of Tth111I minor-alleles (T) and decreased significantly with the number of 9β minor-alleles (G).
Given previously shown associations between stress and semen quality, and that no association between HCC and self-reported stress was observed in the current study, we speculate that negative reproductive effects of stress may not be mediated directly by cortisol. This study demonstrates associations between HCC and glucocorticoid receptor gene variants indicating that these SNPs may influence systemic glucocorticoid levels, but the potential health effects of such alterations are yet unknown.
•Psychological stress has been shown to be associated with impaired semen quality.•Hair cortisol, a potential stress marker, was not associated with testis function.•Adjustment for the BclI, Tth111I, and 9β NR3C1 SNPs did not influence the results.•The Tth111I and the 9β SNPs were associated with hair cortisol.
ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu ekuilibrasi yang terbaik semen kerbau menggunakan pengencer andromed dan mengetahui nilai membran plasma utuh semen kerbau dalam larutan ...hipoosmotik pada waktu pemeraman yang berbeda. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap; Tahap pertama menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari waktu ekuilibrasi 3 jam, 4 jam dan 5 jam. Parameter yang diukur adalah motilitas, sperma hidup dan abnormalitas. Penelitian tahap kedua menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah waktu ekuilibrasi yang terdiri dari 3 jam, 4 jam dan 5 jam. Faktor kedua adalah waktu pencampuran semen dengan larutan hipoosmotik yang terdiri 15 menit, 30 menit dan 45 menit. pengencer yang digunakan Andromed(R) (Minitue Germany, 13503/0200). Parameter yang diukur adalah persentase membran plasma utuh semen kerbau. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan bahwa waktu ekuilibrasi terbaik adalah 4 jam dan 5 jam dengan nilai motilitas 62,8-63,7%, sperma hidup 66,7-66,8% dan persentase abnormalitas 10,5-11,2%. Waktu HOS test yang terbaik adalah 45 menit dan waktu ekuilibrasi 5 jam dengan nilai MPU (64,7 : 57,7%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah waktu ekuilibrasi semen kerbau menggunakan pengencer andromed adalah 5 jam dengan waktu pemeraman dalam larutan hipoosmotik adalah 45 menit. (Semen quality of buffalo at different equilibration and incubation period in hipoosmotic solution of swelling TEST) ABSTRACT The aimed of this study was to find out the best equilibration time of buffalo semen used andromed diluents and the optimal time to test the integrity of plasma membrane of buffalo semen using a hypoosmotic swelling test (HOS test). This study consists of two stages; the first step was used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were equilibration time of 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours. The parameters measured were motility, live sperm, and abnormalities. The second stage of the study used a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The first factor was the equilibration time of 3 hours, 4 hours and 5 hours. The second factor was the time of semen mixing with a hypoosmotic solution of 15 minutes, 30 minutes and 45 minutes. diluents used by Andromed(R) (Minitube Germany, 13503/0200). The parameters measured were the percentage of the integrity of the plasma membrane of buffalo semen. The results showed that the best equilibration time was 4 hours and 5 hours with motility values 62.8-63.7%, live sperm 66.7-66.8% and percentage abnormalities 10.5-11.2%. The best HOS test time is 45 minutes and the equilibration time is 5 hours with MPU value (64.7: 57.7%). The conclusion of the research is that the equilibration time of buffalo semen using andromed diluents was 5 hours with the mixing time in the hypoosmotic solution being 45 minutes.
Ova studija provedena je u svrhu usporedbe ekspresije proteina sperme, tj. trioza-fosfat izomeraze (TPI) i akrozin-vezujućeg proteina (ACRBP) te proteina sjemene plazme, tj. glutation peroksidaze 5 ...(GPX5) i fibronektina 1 (FN1), u sjemenu nerasta s dobrom, umjerenom i lošom sposobnošću smrzavanja. Studija je provedena ustvrđivanjem sadržaja proteina u 32 uzorka sperme i 38 uzoraka sjemene plazme sjemena. Ejakulirano sjeme podijeljeno je u dva dijela: prvi dio je centrifugiran za odvajanje taloga sperme od sjemene plazme, a drugi je dio je krioprezerviran. Nakon odmrzavanja u skladu s pokretljivošću spermija nakon odmrzavanja ejakulati su klasificirani u tri skupine: dobra (60,2 ± 1,7%), umjerena (29,3 ± 2,0%) i loša (16,6 ± 2,2%) sposobnost smrzavanja. Ekspresije GPX5 i FN1 u sjemenoj plazmi te TPI i ACRBP u spermi ustvrđene su „Western blot“ analizom. Za proteine sperme je otkriveno da je razina TPI nakon odmrzavanja negativno povezana s ukupnom pokretljivošću sperme (r = -0,38, P = 0,029). Za proteine sjemene plazme, razina FN1 u sjemenoj plazmi nakon odmrzavanja pozitivno je povezana s ukupnom pokretljivošću sperme nakon odmrzavanja (r = 0,37, P = 0,021) i progresivnom pokretljivošću (r = 0,39, P = 0,016). Ekspresija GPX5 nije povezana ni sa kakvim kvalitetama smrznute pa odmrznute sperme (P > 0,05). Zaključno, sjeme nerasta koje sadrži visoku razinu FN1 u sjemenoj plazmi ima bolju sposobnost smrzavanja. Pokretljivost sperme koja je smrznuta pa odmrznuta pozitivno je povezana s razinom FN1 u sjemenoj plazmi nerasta, a negativno s razinom TPI u spermijima nerasta.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from epididymal segments of both normospermic and teratospermic domestic cats were analyzed via mass spectrometry. Both male types shared 3008 proteins, with 98 ...and 20 EV proteins unique to normospermic and teratospermic males, respectively. Expression levels of several proteins changed between epididymal segments in both male types, with seven cauda-derived proteins trending downward in teratospermic compared to normospermic males. Collectively, these differences may relate to the poor sperm quality observed in teratospermic individuals.
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Highlights•Several proteins were found to be unique to each male type.•Expression levels of seven proteins trended downward in teratospermic males.•Several proteins were related to sperm motility and subsequent oocyte binding.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by the epididymal epithelium transfer to spermatozoa key proteins that are essential in promoting motility and subsequent fertilization success. Using the domestic cat model, the objectives were to (1) characterize and compare protein content of EVs between segments of the epididymis, and (2) compare EV protein compositions between normo- and teratospermic individuals (producing >60% of abnormal spermatozoa). Epididymal EVs from adult cats were isolated and assessed via liquid chromatography tandem MS. Both male types shared 3008 proteins in total, with 98 and 20 EV proteins unique to normospermic and teratospermic males, respectively. Expression levels of several proteins changed between epididymal segments in both male types. Several proteins in both groups were related to sperm motility (e.g. hexokinase 1, adenylate kinase isoenzyme) and zona pellucida or oolemma binding (e.g. disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain proteins, zona binding proteins 1 and 2). Interestingly, seven cauda-derived EV proteins trended downward in teratospermic compared with normospermic males, which may relate to poor sperm quality. Collective results revealed, for the first time, EV proteins related to sequential sperm maturation with differences observed between normospermic and teratospermic individuals.
Tanaman sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) di Indonesia dikenal sebagai salah satu tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun ...sambiloto terhadap jumlah dan motilitas spermaozoa mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan galur DDY. Sebanyak 24 ekor mencit jantan dengan berat antara 100-125 g yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan, diberikan ekstrak etanol secara oral selama 15 hari. Kelompok mencit pada perlakuan satu (P1) diberikan ekstrak etanol daun sambiloto 84 mg/kg bb. Kelompok mencit pada perlakuan dua (P2) dan tiga (P3) masing-masing diberikan ekstrak etanol daun sambiloto 140 mg/kg bb dan 196 mg/kg bb. Sedangkan kelompok kontrol (P0) tidak diberi perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok perlakuan P3 (196 mg/kg bb) menunjukkan jumlah spermatozoa terbanyak yaitu 7,33 juta/ml, mengalami penurunan sebesar 78,86% terhadap kontrol. Kandungan senyawa andrografolid dan flavonoid pada ekstrak sambiloto diduga kuat menjadi penyebab penurunan jumlah dan motilitas spermatozoa mencit. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun sambiloto berpengaruh terhadap jumlah dan motilitas spermatozoa mencit jantan.
Procjena reproduktivnih indikatora u stadima koza u Kolumbiji fokusirana je na mužjake i od osnovne je važnosti za postizanje optimalnih produktivnih parametara. Cilj je ove studije bio ocijeniti ...kvalitetu sjemena jaraca kroz konvencionalnu i funkcionalnu analizu sjemena. Prikupljeni su uzorci sjemena osam jaraca te su procijenjeni konvencionalni (volumen, izgled, boja, pokretljivost, vitalnost i morfologija) i funkcionalni (integritet stanične membrane, potencijal mitohondrijske membrane, integritet DNK, peroksidacija lipida i proizvodnja reaktivnih spojeva kisika) parametri. Rezultati su pokazali prosječni opseg skrotuma od 25,69 cm, 0,51 mL za volumen sjemena, 1936 x 106 spermija/mL za koncentraciju. Prosječna pojedinačna pokretljivost bila je 63,37 %, vitalnost je bila četiri, a postotak abnormalnosti bio je 7,75 %. Pojedinačna pokretljivost povezana je s potencijalom mitohondrijske membrane (r=0,840, P=0,009) i proizvodnjom reaktivnih spojeva kisika (r=-0,91, P=0,001). Prosjek stanica s visokim potencijalom mitohondrijske membrane bio je 52,94 %, dok je bilo 39,29 % nekrotičnih stanica, prosječni indeks fragmentacije DNK bio je 12,5 %, proizvodnja reaktivnih spojeva kisika bila je 38,68 %, analiza lipoperoksidacije bila je u prosjeku 7,33 %, a integritet membrane 54,77 %. Rezultati utvrđuju parametre za sjeme antioquia koza i potvrđuje da sjeme jaraca predstavlja dobru kvalitetu i moglo bi se koristiti u programima umjetne oplodnje.
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