Prispevek se osredotoča na Ifisino/Ifisovo zgodbo o spremembi ženske v moškega iz Ovidijevih Metamorfoz. Pretresa jo skozi vprašanje, kako pristopiti k problemu imenovanja časovno in kulturno ...oddaljenega spola in seksualnosti, do tega, na kakšne načine je možno opredeliti ideologijo, vezano za motiv spremembe ženske v moškega v Ovidijevi zastavitvi. Izhodišče razprave je, da spol, seksualnost in pripadajoča historična imena v prvi vrsti razume kot oblastna razmerja. Slednja svoja ideološka oporišča najdevajo tudi v »literaturi«, ki zato to nemogoče, čarobno in domišljijsko, bistveno omejuje. Skozi širšo analizo rimske in helenistične falocentričnosti, maskulinizacije in anahronizacije tribas ter problema zastavitve lezbištva kot monstruoznega, tujerodnega (grškega), skratka oksimorona, razpravo naposled odpre dekonstrukcijskemu zaključku, v katerem postane jasneje vsaj to, na čem je tejrezijansko vprašanje o človekovem užitku dejansko osnovano.
Most semi-natural open habitats in Europe have been traditionally maintained by anthropogenic activities, such as grazing or mowing, preventing the establishment of woody vegetation. These habitats ...harbour a remarkably rich biodiversity in terms of both plant and animal species, but are also highly threatened, mainly by agricultural intensification and land abandonment. With this Editorial we introduce a Special Issue initiated by the European Dry Grassland Group (EDGG) at the Open Landscapes Conference (Hildesheim, 2013) and the 11th European Dry Grassland Meeting (Kulikovo Pole, 2014). We aim to give a short introduction to the current conservation status, significance and research of semi-natural open habitats in Europe and present the collected articles of the Special Issue. These papers cover a wide range of different semi-natural open habitats, including wood-pastures, heathlands, steppes, semi-dry and dry grasslands across the Palearctic region and address issues related to the assessment methods, threats, management and restoration of these habitats. We conclude that, in order to ensure their conservation and to monitor the changes in open habitats, integrative approaches are needed that take into account not only vegetation records, but also multiple animal taxa, abiotic factors, management practices, ecosystem services and modelling simulations for anticipating possible future scenarios. We also recommend that decision-makers should support actions to conserve open habitats in Europe by addressing such major challenges as the encroachment of woody vegetation. We are convinced that the present Special Issue will contribute to a better understanding of ecosystem functions and support the biodiversity conservation and management of semi-natural open habitats.
Večino pol naravnih odprtih habitatov v Evropi tradicionalno vzdržuje s svojim delovanjem človek, kot na primer s pašo ali košnjo, in tako preprečuje zaraščanje z lesnato vegetacijo. Ti habitati so biodiverzitetno zelo bogati z rastlinskimi in živalskimi vrstami, vendar tudi močno ogroženi zaradi intenzifikacije kmetijstva in opuščanja obdelave. V uvodu želimo predstaviti posebno številko revije, ki jo je vzpodbudila Evropska skupina za suha travišča (EDGG) na konferenci Open Landscapes (Hildesheim, 2013) in na 11. srečanju skupine (Kulikovo Pole, 2014). Predstaviti želimo trenutni varstveni status, pomen in raziskave pol naravnih odprtih habitatov v Evropi in zbrane članke v posebni številki. Ti članki obravnavajo širok nabor različnih pol naravnih odprtih habitatov, med njimi gozdne pašnike, resave, stepe, pol suha in suha travišča palearktične regije in obravnavajo metode njihove presoje, njihovo ogroženost, gospodarjenje in obnovo. Zaključimo lahko, da moramo poleg vegetacijskih popisov upoštevati tudi številne živalske vrste, abiotske dejavnike, načine gospodarjenja, ekosistemske usluge in modeliranje predvidenih možnih prihodnjih scenarijev, če želimo zagotoviti njihovo ohranjanje in spremljanje sprememb. Predlagamo tudi, da nosilci odločanja podprejo prizadevanja za ohranjanje odprtih habitatov v Evropi z obravnavanjem tako velikih izzivov kot je zaraščanje z lesnato vegetacijo. Prepričani smo, da bo posebna številka prispevala k boljšemu razumevanju ekosistemskih funkcij in omogočila ohranjanje biodiverzitete in gospodarjenje spol naravnimi odprtimi habitati.
The notional passive construction (NPC, henceforth) is claimed to be the most common form of passive and the earliest mode of passive expression in Chinese. However, under the view of cognitive ...construction grammar, NPC remains a mystery with its form not clearly defined and its function not particularly discussed. Taking a character-based historical approach, this paper studies the form designated by NPC, the ‘theme + verbal’ structure in corpus data. Results show that the ‘theme + verbal’ structure is extremely stable in the history of the Chinese language, denoting change of state. In conjunction with some cross-linguistic findings, a change-of-state construction can thereby be proposed for the form ‘theme + verbal’. Accordingly, the idea of the so-called “notional passive construction” is challenged in the way that it essentially refers to a special situation of the change-of-state construction when the event expressed by the verbal is not likely to occur spontaneously- it is not a construction itself, yet plausibly passive.
Environmental problems – particularly climate change – have become increasingly important to governments and social researchers in recent decades. Debates about their implications for social policies ...and welfare reforms are now moving towards centre stage. What has been missing from such debates is an account of the history of the welfare state in relation to environmental issues and green ideas.
A Green History of the Welfare State fills this gap. How have the environmental and social policy agendas developed? To what extent have welfare systems been informed by the principles of environmental ethics and politics? How effective has the welfare state been at addressing environmental problems? How might the history of social policies be reimagined? With its lively, chronological narrative, this book provides answers to these questions. Through overviews of key periods, politicians and reforms the book weaves together a range of subjects into a new kind of historical tapestry, including: social policy, economics, party politics, government action and legislation, and environmental issues.
This book will be a valuable resource for students and scholars of environmental policy and history, social and public policy, social history, sociology and politics.
Changes of species composition, plant community strategy and functional response trait turnover were studied in a succession from dry pastures to a forest community (oak-hornbeam forests). The ...following question was asked: are functional response traits and plant community strategies indicators of TAA (time since agricultural land use abandonment), thus of a specific succession stage. Indirect gradient analysis (DCA) was used in order to observe the position of the relevés along the axis and to correlate it with TAA. It was found that the position of relevés on DCA axis 1 is our proxy for TAA. Correlations (Spearman’s rho) between the occurrence of plant functional traits and TAA were performed. Low-growing herb species with scleromorphic leaves and green or red flowers are the predominant plant type on grassland areas, while plant species with digitate, hydro or mesomorphic leaves and white flowers typically prevail in forest. The proportion of chamaephytes increases immediately after land abandonment (afforestation). In a closed forest stand, there are many more herb species with vegetative propagation (bulbils). Herbal species in those stands most often reward pollinators with pollen. The ecological strategy of the entire plant community changes with spontaneous afforestation. On grassland, stress-tolerant species are dominant. After 10 years, the community is defined as CS and after 200 years as a community with a C-CS strategy.
Raziskava se ukvarja s spreminjanjem funkcionalnih rastlinskih znakov, ekoloških značilnosti vrst in ekološke strategije združbe skozi posamezne stadije zaraščanja pašnikov v odvisnosti od časa opustitve kmetijske rabe (TAA). V raziskavi smo uporabili multivariatno DCA analizo in opazovali položaj florističnih popisov v DCA prostoru in jih korelirali s TAA. Izračunali smo Spearmanov korelacijski koeficient med pojavnostjo posameznega rastlinskega funkcionalnega znaka in TAA. Nizkorastoče zeliščne vrste s sklerofilnimi listi in cvetovi rumenih in rdečih barv so prevladujoč tip rastlin na pašnikih. V gozdovih prevladujejo vrste z deljenimi, hidro ali mezomorfnimi listi in s svetlejšimi (belimi) cvetovi. Delež hamefitov se v združbi po opustitvi kmetijske rabe močno poveča (proces zaraščanja). V sklenjenem gozdnem sestoju je opazen večji delež zeliščnih vrst, ki se razmnožujejo vegetativno (zarodni brstiči ipd.). Omenjene zeliščne vrste privabljajo opraševalce največkrat s cvetnim prahom. Ekološka strategija celotne združbe se preko sekundarne sukcesije spreminja. Na pašnikih prevladujejo stres-toleratorji. Po desetih letih ima združba strategijo kompetitor/ stres tolerator, po dvesto letih pa kompetitor- kompetitor/ stres tolerator.
The feeling of optimism that followed the COP 21 Paris Conference on Climate Change requires concrete action and steadfast commitment to a process that raises a number of crucial challenges: ...technological, political, social, and economic. As climate change worsens, new robust leadership is imperative. This title examines why a close collaboration between the EU and China may result in the necessary impetus to solidify a vision and a roadmap for our common future in the Anthropocene.
The Urgency of Climate Change addresses a pivotal challenge for the sustainability of our planet. This topic was selected for the inaugural conference in 2015 of an annual series on the Integrity of ...Creation. The essays in this collection were selected in a peer-reviewed manner and appeal to a general audience. The chapters move from general to more specific points of view, with a discussion at the end of each section addressing the global impact of climate change. The first section sets the Context for the discussion, explaining that the climate is an indispensable common good. The part on Science emphasises that empirical reality must guide any analysis of the climate as a matter of basic knowledge and comprehension. A crucial implication is whether the climate is sufficiently robust for the Earth to flourish for millennia ahead, as discussed in the part on Sustainability. In turn, these sections raise pivotal questions, regarding Ethics about social obligations for the planet to flourish and regarding Religion to foster global stewardship. Finally, this alignment of Ethics and Religion around the problems related to Science and Sustainability leads to the final section on Law that considers policy possibilities to effectively engage Climate Change.
V članku je obravnavano področje varovanja kmetijskih zemljišč pred pozidavo v Sloveniji z vidika plačila zaradi spremembe namembnosti. Posebno plačilo zaradi spremembe namembnosti kmetijskih ...zemljišč je bilo na območju Slovenije uvedeno v sedemdesetih letih preteklega stoletja, z njim so želeli upočasniti takratne izredno velike posege v kmetijski prostor in hkrati pridobiti finančne vire za vlaganja v kmetijstvo, predvsem v agrarne operacije. V raziskavi smo preučevali metodologijo obračunavanja ter višino odškodnine za spremembo namembnosti kmetijskih zemljišč na območju Slovenije za posamezne časovne intervale v obdobju 1979–2012. Poleg rezultatov raziskave predstavljamo zakonska določila, ki so v posameznih obdobjih urejala področje obravnave. Višina namenskega plačila zaradi spremembe namembnosti kmetijskih zemljišč je za študijsko obdobje predstavljena za tri katastrske okraje (Novo mesto, Kranjsko Goro, Mursko Soboto) ter podrobneje za izvedene primere plačil na območju upravne enote Lendava v katastrskem okraju Murska Sobota. Ugotovili smo, da se je višina plačila zaradi spremembe namembnosti kmetijskih zemljišč spreminjala po obdobjih in da je bila v preteklosti že veliko višja od višine plačila, ki je bila določena s spremembo zakonodaje v letu 2011 in v letu 2012 še znižana ; This article discusses the field of agricultural land protection against soil sealing in Slovenia from the perspective of the land development tax applied to land-use changes. In Slovenia, the land development tax for agricultural land use change was introduced in 1970s with the aim to slow-down the then huge interventions in agricultural land and at the same time to get financial resources for investments in agriculture, in particular for the purpose of agrarian operations. In the research, the methodology for calculating the land development tax for conversion of agricultural land to built-up land and the amount of the tax in Slovenia during reference intervals in the study period 1979-2012 is analysed. The results of the research are presented together with the legal framework, which regulated the discussed field in individual time periods. For the study period, an analysis of methodology for calculating the agricultural land development tax was done for three cadastral districts (Novo mesto, Kranjska Gora and Murska Sobota), and an in-depth analysis of actual payments was done in the area of administrative unit of Lendava in the cadastral district of Murska Sobota. It has been shown that the amount of the agricultural land development tax was changing in the study period and that its value in the past had significantly exceeded the amount, which was determined with the change of legislation in 2011, and has been even decreased in 2012.
Das Urheberrecht steckt in der Krise: Wir schützen immer mehr, wissen immer weniger warum und werden dabei insbesondere den Interessen kreativ-schöpferischer Werknutzer im digitalen Umfeld immer ...weniger gerecht. Der Ruf nach rechtstheoretischer Neuorientierung und einer grundlegenden Revision des Urheberrechts ist dementsprechend laut. Diese Arbeit widmet sich daher den Grundlagen und Gestaltungsoptionen urheberrechtlicher Regulierung im digitalen Zeitalter unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Nutzerschutzes. Zu diesem Zweck werden schwerpunktmäßig kollektivistisch-utilitaristische Rechtfertigungsansätze untersucht, sodass neben den in Kontinentaleuropa traditionell stärker verbreiteten individualistischen Begründungsansätzen primär ökonomietheoretische, demokratie- und kulturtheoretische Rechtfertigungsbemühungen gewürdigt werden. Aufbauend auf diesen rechtstheoretischen Überlegungen entwickelt der Verfasser ein eigenes Erklärungsmodell, auf dessen Grundlage sich das Urheberrecht im Allgemeinen und die von ihm propagierte Nutzerschutzdoktrin im Besonderen rechtfertigen lassen. Das Werk schließt mit konkreten materiell-rechtlichen Reformvorschlägen für ein stärker nutzerorientiertes Urheberrecht.
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