Presidential earmarks? Perhaps even more so than their counterparts in Congress, presidents have the motive and the means to politicize spending for political power. But do they?
InPresidential Pork, ...John Hudak explains and interprets presidential efforts to control federal spending and accumulate electoral rewards for that power.
The projects that members of Congress secure for their constituents certainly attract attention. Political pundits still chuckle about the "Bridge to Nowhere." But Hudak clearly illustrates that while Congress claims credit for earmarks and pet projects, the practice is alive and well in the White House, too.
More than any representative or senator, presidents engage in pork barrel spending in a comprehensive and systematic way to advance their electoral interests. It will come as no surprise that the White House often steers the enormous federal bureaucracy to spend funds in swing states. It is a major advantage that only incumbents enjoy.
Hudak reconceptualizes the way in which we view the U.S. presidency and the goals and behaviors of those who hold the nation's highest office. He illustrates that presidents and their White Houses are indeed complicit in distributing presidential pork-and how they do it. The result is an illuminating and highly original take on presidential power and public policy.
Setting
The Public Health Agency of Canada Innovation Strategy (PHAC-IS) was a national strategic funding program designed to test, deliver, scale up and evaluate complex population health ...interventions to determine how they bring about change, the context in which they worked best and for which populations.
Intervention
The PHAC-IS experience provides an opportunity to reflect on the core competencies (skills, knowledge and attitudes) for strategic grantmakers to meet the goals of a national strategic funding program focused on population health intervention research.
Outcomes
A literature review, PHAC-IS content analysis, a document review and semi-structured interviews provided insight into a set of core competencies—organized by specific domains—that fostered a team focused on continuous improvement to apply learning and evidence from the funded projects to advance the goals of the strategic funding program.
Implications
Given its multiple complexities and based on the experience of the PHAC-IS team, it is proposed that funding programs aimed toward bringing change at individual and systems levels for population health promotion may draw upon a set of competencies incorporating the fields of strategic grantmaking; intervention research and evaluation; and public administration. The authors suggest that competency in the field of cultural safety is also pertinent to the successful management and leadership of public health programs, innovations and knowledge mobilization.
The aim: The purpose of the study is to: a) determine the purpose of budget transfers in the field of medicine; b) determine the characteristics that characterize budget transfers in the health ...sector; c) establish the significance of budget transfers in those jurisdictions in which the system of health insurance operates.
Materials and methods: The empirical basis of the study was the Report of the Minister of Health of Singapore, Information on the subvention section for 2019-2020 in Hong Kong, the Budget forecast of the US Congress for 2019, Reports of the Accounts Chamber of Ukraine for 2017, 2018 and 2019. Within the framework of this study, the following special legal methods of scientific knowledge were applied: comparative legal method, a normative-dogmatic method and a logical-legal method. The "case study" method was also widely used in this research.
Conclusions: Budget transfers in the field of medicine is a socially important institution of budget law. Budget transfers in the health care sector can be characterized by the following features: a) sectoral nature (health care sector) b) specific budgetary directions (movement of funds from the state to local budgets) c) widespread use (used both in states with medical insurance and in states where the health sector is entirely publicly funded).
El presente artículo se propone establecer las implicaciones tributarias de la implementación del proyecto BEPS 2.0 de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo, OCDE, firmado por Colombia el ...01 de julio de 2021. Para tal efecto, se aborda de manera general el estado actual de la implementación del plan BEPS de la OCDE para luego emprender los aspectos generales del proyecto BEPS 2.0 y las posibles implicaciones tributarias de su implementación en Colombia. Dicho proyecto aborda los retos de la digitalización de la economía y cuenta con dos (2) pilares, a saber: * Pilar 1: se basa en asegurar una distribución más justa de las utilidades y derechos impositivos entre los países con relación a los grupos multinacionales, no solo con las compañías que prestan servicios digitales automatizados sino también empresas orientadas al consumidor. * Pilar 2: contempla imponer una tarifa efectiva de al menos 15% en los países en que operen las multinacionales, para con ello lograr que los países puedan proteger sus bases gravables. En este contexto, se analizaron los trabajos realizados por la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económico, OCDE, de la cual Colombia es parte desde el 30 de mayo de 2018, y los cambios regulatorios en el sistema tributario colombiano.
While parties in established democracies have shown increasing reluctance to forge exclusive ties to organisational mediators, they have not discarded these connections. This article considers one ...under-explored party organisational mediator, party think tanks. In an in-depth Australian study, this article examines the significance of party think tanks as mechanisms for party linkage. It proposes that such vehicles harness some of the strengths intrinsic to affiliated external organisations and party sub-groups in ways which are more responsive to the challenge of linkage confronting modern parties. The Australia case suggests that party think tanks are used to assist parties to connect to old and new interest constituencies in flexible ways while limiting parties’ exposure to electoral and political risk. The adoption of party think tanks speaks to the ongoing value parties place on organisational mediators, but on terms that they can better control.
The paper analyzes the concept and indicator of vertical fiscal imbalance (VFI) and its capability in assessing the creditworthiness (debt sustainability) of Russian regions. It is found that VFI ...does not replace other indicators of debt and broader fiscal sustainability, but complements them by providing diagnostics of the balance of incoming and outgoing intergovernmental transfers in addition to the balance of expenditures and revenues (budget deficit). Vertical fiscal imbalance has a close inverse pair correlation with the share of own (tax and non-tax) revenues and fiscal capacity, and can therefore reflect creditworthiness (along with the amount of debt and capital expenditures). Technically, it is advisable to carry out an analysis using VFI with a recalculation accounting for subventions. It is concluded that vertical fiscal imbalance is an important element of the methodology of diagnosing fiscal sustainability. Further study of features of the concept, as well as the use of VFI in the analysis and regulation of intergovernmental relations, suggests a promising outlook.
This book presents a conceptual framework for analysing the definitions of State aid and subsidy in EC and WTO law. This is done through a comparative analysis, examining the coherence of the ...conceptual understanding of the crucial, but still elusive, issue of the definition of subsidy. The first, important finding is that the topic is not only technical but raises more fundamental questions about the objectives of subsidy control in a given legal system and, more radically, about the goals of that system itself. The analysis does not only concentrate on the state of the law but critically looks forward offering suggestions for new interpretations and law reform. The book focuses on the substantive provisions of the EC and WTO relating to what are identified by the author as the core properties of a notion of subsidy, ie a form of public action, the grant of an economic advantage and the ensuing impact on the competitive process. The current regulation in EC and WTO law is analysed, compared and assessed in depth, and tested against a baseline represented by of a notion of subsidy inserted in a subsidy regulation pursuing certain objectives. Drawing on the results of the comparative exercise, the book argues that both systems can learn valuable lessons from each other to achieve a greater coherence and a more efficient regulatory system. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/law/9780199533398/toc.html
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