SymPy is an open source computer algebra system written in pure Python. It is built with a focus on extensibility and ease of use, through both interactive and programmatic applications. These ...characteristics have led SymPy to become a popular symbolic library for the scientific Python ecosystem. This paper presents the architecture of SymPy, a description of its features, and a discussion of select submodules. The supplementary material provide additional examples and further outline details of the architecture and features of SymPy.
Forest inventory forms the foundation of forest management. Remote sensing (RS) is an efficient means of measuring forest parameters at scale. Remotely sensed species classification can be used to ...estimate species abundances, distributions, and to better approximate metrics such as above ground biomass. State of the art methods of RS species classification rely on deep learning models such as convolutional neural networks (CNN). These models have 2 major drawbacks: they require large samples of each species to classify well and they lack explainablity. Therefore, rare species are poorly classified causing poor approximations of their associated parameters. We show that the classification of rare species can be improved by as much as 8 F1-points using a neuro-symbolic (NS) approach that combines CNNs with a NS framework. The framework allows for the incorporation of domain knowledge into the model through the use of mathematically represented rules, improving model explainability.
Automated individual tree crown (ITC) delineation plays an important role in forest remote sensing. Accurate ITC delineation benefits biomass estimation, allometry estimation, and species ...classification among other forest related tasks, all of which are used to monitor forest health and make important decisions in forest management. In this paper, we introduce Neuro-Symbolic DeepForest, a convolutional neural network (CNN) based ITC delineation algorithm that uses a neuro-symbolic framework to inject domain knowledge (represented as rules written in probabilistic soft logic) into a CNN. We create rules that encode concepts for competition, allometry, constrained growth, mean ITC area, and crown color. Our results show that the delineation model learns from the annotated training data as well as the rules and that under some conditions, the injection of rules improves model performance and affects model bias. We then analyze the effects of each rule on its related aspects of model performance. We find that the addition of domain data can improve F1 by as much as 4 F1-points, reduce the KL-divergence between ground-truth and predicted area distributions, and reduce the aggregate error in area between ground-truth and predicted delineations.
The relationship between music and emotion has been addressed within several disciplines, from more historico-philosophical and anthropological ones, such as musicology and ethnomusicology, to others ...that are traditionally more empirical and technological, such as psychology and computer science. Yet, understanding the link between music and emotion is limited by the scarce interconnections between these disciplines. Trying to narrow this gap, this data-driven exploratory study aims at assessing the relationship between linguistic, symbolic and acoustic features-extracted from lyrics, music notation and audio recordings-and perception of emotion. Employing a listening experiment, statistical analysis and unsupervised machine learning, we investigate how a data-driven multi-modal approach can be used to explore the emotions conveyed by eight Bach chorales. Through a feature selection strategy based on a set of more than 300 Bach chorales and a transdisciplinary methodology integrating approaches from psychology, musicology and computer science, we aim to initiate an efficient dialogue between disciplines, able to promote a more integrative and holistic understanding of emotions in music.
В статье рассматривается роль снов как одной из составляющих комплекса онейрических состояний, воспроизводимых в романе классика американской литературы прошлого века Дж. Стейнбека «Зима тревоги ...нашей». Цель: выявить и описать функцию снов главного героя в художественном мире романа. На основе истолкования центральных образов снов решается задача установления роли онейрического текста в выражении моральной проблематики произведения, определяется связь сновидений с сюжетом романа. Установлено, что сон как средство объективации бессознательного выступает в качестве оппозиции дневному бытию героя, характеризующемуся усиленной работой интеллекта. Практическая значимость статьи заключается в углублении представлений о проблематике и поэтике позднего творчества Стейнбека.
Latent representations are a necessary component of cognitive artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Here, we investigate the performance of various sequential clustering algorithms on latent ...representations generated by autoencoder and convolutional neural network (CNN) models. We also introduce a new algorithm, called Collage, which brings views and concepts into sequential clustering to bridge the gap with cognitive AI. The algorithm is designed to reduce memory requirements, numbers of operations (which translate into hardware clock cycles) and thus improve energy, speed and area performance of an accelerator for running said algorithm. Results show that plain autoencoders produce latent representations which have large inter-cluster overlaps. CNNs are shown to solve this problem, however introduce their own problems in the context of generalized cognitive pipelines.
En el presente artículo se analiza, desde una perspectiva neokantiana, el fenómeno de la música rap en el municipio de Zumpango, donde la ubicación geográfica y las características socioculturales ...decantan en un proceso transicional del tradicionalismo a la modernidad. Se han identificado dos categorías fundamentales relacionadas a la praxis del rap; por una parte, están quienes utilizan el rap para criticar el modelo económico capitalista y, por otra, quienes reproducen dicho modelo a través del rap. Estas categorías han sido elaboradas a partir de un análisis de contenido de las canciones de los raperos de Zumpango.
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