This is the first monograph on the painter Paul Lautensack (1477/78-1558) who explained his revelations on God's nature with hundreds of highly sophisticated diagrams that allow us a rare glimpse ...into the visual world of a Reformation period urban craftsman.
This book is a collection of studies providing a unique view on two central aspects of poetry: sounds and emotive qualities, with emphasis on their interactions.
In this volume, Professor Ljunggren introduces the Symbolists and their feverish expectations in detail. Theirs was a time when for a brief moment everything seemed possible. Then came the rude ...awakening, best described in Bely’s powerful prose masterpiece Petersburg, which serves as the connective thread and recurrent point of reference throughout this collection. Written in the early 1910s, just before the world war that was to culminate in the so-called October Revolution, Bely’s novel portrays the collective experience of the Symbolists as an attempted political parricide. Many of the essays included in this volume are appearing in English for the first time.
The church of Hagia Sophia in Trebizond, built by the emperor Manuel I Grand Komnenos (1238-63) in the aftermath of the fall of Constantinople to the Fourth Crusade, is the finest surviving Byzantine ...imperial monument of its period. Art and Identity in Thirteenth-Century Byzantium is the first investigation of the church in more than thirty years, and is extensively illustrated in colour and black-and-white, with many images that have never previously been published. Antony Eastmond examines the architectural, sculptural and painted decorations of the church, placing them in the context of contemporary developments elsewhere in the Byzantine world, in Seljuq Anatolia and among the Caucasian neighbours of Trebizond. Knowledge of this area has been transformed in the last twenty years, following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The new evidence that has emerged enables a radically different interpretation of the church to be reached, and raises questions of cultural interchange on the borders of the Christian and Muslim worlds of eastern Anatolia, the Caucasus and Persia. This study uses the church and its decoration to examine questions of Byzantine identity and imperial ideology in the thirteenth century. This is central to any understanding of the period, as the fall of Constantinople in 1204 divided the Byzantine empire and forced the successor states in Nicaea, Epiros and Trebizond to redefine their concepts of empire in exile. Art is here exploited as significant historical evidence for the nature of imperial power in a contested empire. It is suggested that imperial identity was determined as much by craftsmen and expectations of imperial power as by the emperor's decree; and that this was a credible alternative Byzantine identity to that developed in the empire of Nicaea.
Contents: Preface; Introduction: the Byzantine empires in the 13th century; Hagia Sophia and its contexts; Architecture and the construction of identity; Trebizond as imperial capital: ceremonial and processions; Adam, exile and 'Byzantine' culture; Ornamental sculpture and cultural orientation: Trebizond, the Seljuqs, and the Caucasus; Wall paintings and politics: rebuilding empire?; Art, the liturgy and modernity; Manuel I Grand Komnenos: the embodiment of empire; Conclusion; Appendix of rulers; Bibliography; Index.
Antony Eastmond is Reader in the History of Byzantine Art at the Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, UK
Sound symbolism refers to an association between phonemes and stimuli containing particular perceptual and/or semantic elements (e.g., objects of a certain size or shape). Some of the best-known ...examples include the mil/mal effect (Sapir,
Journal of Experimental Psychology
,
12
, 225–239,
1929
) and the maluma/takete effect (
Köhler, 1929
). Interest in this topic has been on the rise within psychology, and studies have demonstrated that sound symbolic effects are relevant for many facets of cognition, including language, action, memory, and categorization. Sound symbolism also provides a mechanism by which words’ forms can have nonarbitrary, iconic relationships with their meanings. Although various proposals have been put forth for how phonetic features (both acoustic and articulatory) come to be associated with stimuli, there is as yet no generally agreed-upon explanation. We review five proposals: statistical co-occurrence between phonetic features and associated stimuli in the environment, a shared property among phonetic features and stimuli; neural factors; species-general, evolved associations; and patterns extracted from language. We identify a number of outstanding questions that need to be addressed on this topic and suggest next steps for the field.
Selecting good brand names for products is a critical step for marketers, and many aspects of a brand name influence brand perceptions. Three experiments investigated the effects of phonetic ...symbolism (the impact of sound on meaning) on brand name preference, the extent to which these effects generalize to other languages, and the processes that underlie these effects. When choosing brand names, French-, Spanish-, and Chinese-speaking participants who were bilingual in English preferred words in which there was a match between the phonetic symbolism of the words and the product attributes. These results were unaffected by whether participants completed the study in their first or second language, by second-language proficiency, or by whether the Chinese language representations were in logographic or alphabetic form. These findings replicate those of Lowrey and Shrum (2007) and indicate that phonetic symbolism effects for brand name perceptions can generalize across languages, and thus suggest that marketers may be able to embed universal meaning in their brand names.
► We investigate the effects of phonetic (sound) symbolism on brand name preferences. ► People preferred brand names in which sound symbolism fit the product attributes. ► The effects held for bilinguals, across 4 languages, including logographic Chinese. ► The effects held regardless of language of administration or language proficiency. ► Suggests marketers may be able to embed universal meaning in their brand names.
•Vowel production is associated with the concepts of front and back.•The front vowel is linked to perceptual processing of the concept of the front.•The back vowel is linked to perceptual processing ...of the concept of the back.•These effects might be based on the grounding of spatial concepts in articulation.
The study investigated whether the concepts of forward/front and backward/back are associated with the vocalizations requiring the front/back position of the tongue. In Experiment 1, the participants were visually presented with a forward or backward-directed movement. They were asked to vocalize the front (i) or back (o) vowel based on whether the stimulus moved forwards or backwards. Vocal responses were produced faster when the required response was hypothetically congruent with the movement direction (e.g., i – forward-directed movement) in comparison to incongruent conditions. In Experiment 2, the same effect was observed when these vocal responses were performed based on whether the target object was at the front of or back of the reference object. These observations present a novel sound-space symbolism phenomenon, which associates spatial concepts of forward/front and backward/back with particular speech sounds. We propose that this finding might contribute to an understanding of cognitive mechanisms in sound–space associations and more generally in sound symbolism.
Sound symbolism is a non-arbitrary relationship between speech sounds and meaning. We review evidence that, contrary to the traditional view in linguistics, sound symbolism is an important design ...feature of language, which affects online processing of language, and most importantly, language acquisition. We propose the sound symbolism bootstrapping hypothesis, claiming that (i) pre-verbal infants are sensitive to sound symbolism, due to a biologically endowed ability to map and integrate multi-modal input, (ii) sound symbolism helps infants gain referential insight for speech sounds, (iii) sound symbolism helps infants and toddlers associate speech sounds with their referents to establish a lexical representation and (iv) sound symbolism helps toddlers learn words by allowing them to focus on referents embedded in a complex scene, alleviating Quine's problem. We further explore the possibility that sound symbolism is deeply related to language evolution, drawing the parallel between historical development of language across generations and ontogenetic development within individuals. Finally, we suggest that sound symbolism bootstrapping is a part of a more general phenomenon of bootstrapping by means of iconic representations, drawing on similarities and close behavioural links between sound symbolism and speech-accompanying iconic gesture.
Symbols and Legitimacy in Soviet Politics analyses the way in which Soviet symbolism and ritual changed from the regime's birth in 1917 to its fall in 1991. Graeme Gill focuses on the symbolism in ...party policy and leaders' speeches, artwork and political posters, and urban redevelopment, and on ritual in the political system. He shows how this symbolism and ritual were worked into a dominant metanarrative which underpinned Soviet political development. Gill also shows how, in each of these spheres, the images changed both over the life of the regime and during particular stages: the Leninist era metanarrative differed from that of the Stalin period, which differed from that of the Khrushchev and Brezhnev periods, which was, in turn, changed significantly under Gorbachev. In charting this development, the book lays bare the dynamics of the Soviet regime and a major reason for its fall.
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