This chapter provides the opportunity for readers to develop an understanding of principles, methods, and techniques used to assess, analyze, and control the technical work activities and the ...resulting work products of a system development project. Process attributes are measured against the product attributes. Progress of technical work can be accurately assessed using binary assessment. Technical debt is incurred when some of the work needed to develop a system is deferred until later, either knowingly or unknowingly. Assessing technical debt requires a plan for progress and periodic comparison of actual progress to planned progress. Earned value is widely used to assess and analyze the progress of technical work for a systems project. The goal of risk management is to identify and mitigate potential problems with sufficient leadtime to prevent adverse impacts. The chapter also provides an overview of risk management. Specific risks are characterized as “risk factors.” The chapter lists some factors for systems projects.
This chapter provides readers with the opportunity to learn how systems engineers can organize, lead, and coordinate the work of the engineers and support personnel who develop complex systems, ...including but not limited to software‐enabled systems. Technology includes the infrastructure, hardware and software tools, and other equipment to be used by the people to accomplish the system development processes. Systems engineers, both physical and software, have multiple responsibilities when developing complex software‐enabled physical systems. Some systems engineers are effective at and enjoy being both manager and leader of technical work but good managers are not necessarily good leaders and good leaders are not necessarily good managers. Some organizations publicize their mission and vision statements to employees and the public and strive to live by them. A primary responsibility of a systems engineering manager/leader is to facilitate the conditions listed above so that the disciplinary engineers will coalesce into a team, or teams.
This chapter provides readers with the opportunity to develop an understanding of the methods, techniques, and tools used to prepare estimates and the other essential elements of a technical ...management plan. It is keyed to the I 3 system development model. A systems engineering management plan (SEMP) is prepared to address the overall approach to managing the engineering activities of a systems project. Estimating schedule, budget, resources, technology, and infrastructure for the technical work of a software‐enabled systems project is one of the first tasks to be undertaken when developing an SEMP. The chapter explains the estimation techniques including rule of thumb, analogy, expert judgment, Delphi, wideband Delphi, regression‐based estimation models, and Monte Carlo estimation. Organizations should have a standard template for documenting estimates, so that all projects include the same factors, which will facilitate development of lessons learned and a database of consistent estimates can be developed to provide or improve a basis of estimation.
Este artigo mostra como a divisão do trabalho nas escolas dos Estados Unidos, da França e de Quebec sofre o efeito do aumento dos efetivos de agentes técnicos, essencialmente caracterizados por uma ...formação pré-universitária e por um trabalho de auxílio aos profissionais docentes e não-docentes (psicólogos, psicoeducadores, 1 trabalhadores sociais, orientadores pedagógicos). Os autores focalizam as categorias de emprego 2 que oferecem serviços de acompanhamento aos alunos, mais ou menos vinculados à pedagogia ou à gestão do comportamento dos alunos, o que exclui as categorias de emprego que executam tarefas administrativas (secretariado) ou manuais (zeladores, pessoal da manutenção dos prédios, motoristas de ônibus). Uma visão geral dos efetivos desses agentes escolares nos Estados Unidos, na França e em Quebec precede uma descrição sintética de suas respectivas funções. Em seguida, para melhor compreender a presença e o crescimento recente dessas categorias de emprego nos meios escolares, os autores propõem diversas pistas interpretativas ligadas a transformações que dizem respeito, cada uma a seu modo, à escola: a divisão do trabalho nas escolas, a desprofissionalização, o surgimento de um modelo comercial na educação, a massificação, a busca de novos modos de gestão dos comportamentos a-escolares baseados na empatia e a perda de legitimidade institucional (vinculada ao fato de nossas sociedades passarem de um modelo antigo de modernidade para um novo modelo de modernidade). Os autores frisam em particular o risco de ver esse pessoal técnico, que tem uma formação diferente da dos profissionais docentes e não-docentes, introduzir nas escolas um pluralismo normativo que leva a uma certa forma de instabilidade institucional.This paper explores the division of work in schools and colleges from the United States, France and Quebec, and shows the impact of the increase of technical agents mainly characterized by pre-university training and auxiliary work, as compared to that of teaching and non-teaching professionals (psychologists, psychoéducateurs, social workers, careers advisers). The authors focus on the work categories that offer supervision services to children, more or less related to pedagogy or students' behavior management, which excludes the work categories that perform administrative (secretaries) or manual (janitors, building maintenance, bus drivers) tasks. An outline of the number of these school agents in the United States, France and Quebec precedes a synthetic description of their respective functions. To understand better the presence and recent growth of these categories in school environments, the authors then propose various interpretative hints related to changes that affect school in different ways: the division of work at school, deprofessionalization, the emergence of a commercial model in education, massification, the need for new models centered on empathy to manage a-school behaviors, and the loss of institutional legitimacy (linked to the fact our societies are passing from an old model of modernity to a new one). The authors particularly emphasize the risk of seeing this technical staff, whose training is different from that of the teaching and non-teaching professionals, introduce in schools a normative pluralism that may lead to a certain form of institutional instability.
Building (courtyard with covered handling and outbuildings, half-timbered building). Architectural plan, drawing. fol. 8 recto aus: Etzliche Pappen and Pappir of allerley geometric things for ...measuring mountains, shafts, etc. which of the Churf. Augustus himself made vnd written hadt. 16th century Convolut. Dresden: SLUB Mscr.Dresd.L.14.m
, across
Gebäude (Hof mit überdachtem Umgang und Nebengebäude, Fachwerk). Architektonischer Plan, Zeichnung. fol. 8 recto aus: Etzliche Pappen und Pappir von allerley Geometrischen sachen zum Abmessen von Bergen, Schächten etc. welche der Churf. Augustus selbstn gemachtt vnd geschriben hadt. 16. Jh. Convolut. Dresden: SLUB Mscr.Dresd.L.14.m
, quer
Um Breitenbach als lohnendes Ausflugsziel zu preisen, werden hier der Gasthof Breitenbach, die Haynsburg und die Kempe abgebildet. (Museum Schloss Moritzburg Zeitz)
Fotoalbum des Malers Willy Irmscher. Kartoneinband, Federzeichnung, aquarelliert; 8,5 x 11,5 x 1,3 cm (1950). Dresden: SLUB/DF 2018.A.141
in color, quer
Fotoalbum des Malers Willy Irmscher. Kartoneinband, Federzeichnung, aquarelliert; 8,5 x 11,5 x 1,3 cm (1950). Dresden: SLUB/DF 2018.A.141
in color, quer
Fotoalbum des Malers Willy Irmscher. Kartoneinband, Federzeichnung, aquarelliert; 8,5 x 11,5 x 1,3 cm (1950). Dresden: SLUB/DF 2018.A.141
in color, quer
Fotoalbum des Malers Willy Irmscher. Kartoneinband, Federzeichnung, aquarelliert; 8,5 x 11,5 x 1,3 cm (1950). Dresden: SLUB/DF 2018.A.141
in color, quer
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