Although environmental action is regarded as a public relations strategy aiming to manifest a corporate green stance, this not always the case. Many consumers tend to be skeptical of corporate real ...environmental efforts, especially firms in traditionally dirty industries. However, few studies have focused on this issue. To shed light on such a phenomenon, the present study aims to provide a comprehensive multiple-step multiple-mediator model based on the social intuitionist model and cognitive-affective system theory of personality(CAPS) to examine how corporate environmental actions (substantive vs. symbolic) affect consumer positive word-of-mouth (WOM) and to investigate the cognitive and affective processes of greenwashing perception and other-condemning emotions. Findings from an online Chinese consumer panel of 130 adults indicate that consumers are prone to have more positive WOM for substantive actions compared with symbolic actions; this effect is not only mediated by other-condemning emotions but serially mediated by, firstly, greenwashing perception and, secondly, other-condemning emotions. The current study is conducive to explaining the link between corporate environmental actions and consumer positive WOM from a theoretical argument and empirical evidence, and thus providing suggestions for advertisers and marketers in green marketing about environmental information disclosure.
The article analyzes the understanding of self-determination in L. I. Bozhovich’s works, authors present the theoretical context in which self-determination was considered in her researches ...(development of personality as the mastering of the behavior, self-determination as a free choice). It is shown that three approaches to the study of self-determination in Russian psychology were created on the basis of L.I. Bozhovich’s approach to the study of self-determination: self-determination as self-comprehension, as an orientation in the system of social values and as the development of subjectivity. It is shown that L. I. Bozhovich’s approach to the study of subjectivity is closest to the subject-centered approach in contemporary Russian psychology. The stages of personality development, outlined in L.I. Bozhovich’s works are considered as the stages of subjectivity formation. Authors are planning to create educational practices for adolescents based on their typical activities and aimed to the development of personal reflection as a basis of self-cognition and self-determination.
В статье проанализировано понимание самоопределения в работах Л.И. Божович, представлен теоретический контекст, в котором самоопределение рассматривалось в ее исследованиях (развитие личности как овладение своим поведением, самоопределение как свободный выбор). Показано, что на основе подхода к исследованию самоопределения, намеченного Л.И. Божович, в отечественной психологии возникли три исследовательских подхода к исследованию самоопределения: самоопределение как постижение себя, как ориентация себя в системе общественных ценностей и как развитие субъектности. Показано, что подход Л.И. Божович к исследованию субъектности наиболее близок к субъектному подходу в современной российской психологии. Стадии развития личности, выделенные в работах Л.И. Божович, рассматриваются как стадии становления субъектности. Намечено создание для подростков образовательных практик, базирующихся на свойственных им видах деятельности и направленных на развитие личностной рефлексии как основы самопознания и самоопределения.
Fear and Anxiety as Separable Emotions Perkins, Adam M; Kemp, Samantha E; Corr, Philip J
Emotion (Washington, D.C.),
05/2007, Volume:
7, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The
Gray and McNaughton (2000)
theory draws on a wide range of animal data to hypothesize that the emotions of fear and anxiety are separable. The authors tested their hypothesis in two studies. The ...first study examined associations between scores on questionnaire measures of fear, anxiety, and neuroticism; correlational analysis revealed that fear and anxiety are not interchangeable constructs. The second study examined associations between scores on questionnaire measures of fear/anxiety and performance in a military training setting; regression analysis revealed that fear captured significant variance in performance that was not shared with anxiety. These results imply that hypotheses derived from nonhuman animal data may hold important implications for understanding human emotion and motivation, especially in relation to fear and anxiety.
In Song of Solomon, Morrison describes Milkman’s growing progress from a selfish and indifferent teenager to a mature and responsible man, which is a perfect example to initiation novel and Freud’s ...personality structure theory. This paper tries to analyze Milkman’s personality development in his growth process, which tends to reveal the psychological changes of his inner world and the real significance of growth: to gain self-sublimation by finding and recognizing one’s lost cultural root. Through Milkman’s growth progress, Morrison calls on the black minority to find their cultural self and identity by recognizing their ancestors, their black fellows and traditional African culture. Only in this way can the ethnic minorities find their true identities, achieve real independence and strive for more equality and freedom in the American mainstream society. Milkman’s spiritual growth also inspires readers to build their spiritual homelands.
Psychology as taught in Ghanaian universities is largely Eurocentric and imported. Calls have been made to indigenize psychology in Ghana. In response to this call, this paper attempts to construct a ...history of psychology in Ghana so as to provide a background for the study of the content and process of what psychology would and/or ought to become in Ghana. It does so by going as far back as the University of Sankore, Timbuktu established in 989AD where intellectual development flourished in the ancient Empire of Mali through to the 1700s and 1800s when Black Muslim scholars established Koranic schools, paying particular attention to scholarly works in medicine, theology and philosophy. Attention is then drawn to Anton Wilhelm Amo’s dissertation, De Humanae Mentis “Apatheia” and Disputatio Philosophica Continens Ideam Distinctam (both written in 1734) as well as some 18th and 19th century Ghanaian scholars. Special mention is also made about the contributions by the Department of Psychology at the University of Ghana (established in May 1967) in postcolonial Ghana as one of the first departments of psychology in Anglophone West Africa. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with the application of psychological knowledge in its current form in Ghana and ends by attempting to formulate the form an indigenous Ghanaian psychology could to take.
Religious individuals commonly assume that religious sacrifices will produce future rewards, whereas others maintain that they are harmful. We sought to reconcile this discrepancy by classifying and ...measuring motives for religious sacrifice and exploring their longitudinal association with psychospiritual well-being. Drawing from the biopsychological theory of personality, we theorized that it is the underlying (reward-seeking or punishment-avoidance) motivation systems, rather than the sacrificial behaviors themselves, that influence psychospiritual outcomes. In Study 1, a diverse sample of religious adults (N = 427) completed a self-report online survey, with a subset of 276 participants completing an additional survey 30 days later. We conducted a qualitative content analysis to categorize types of religious sacrifice and motives for religious sacrifice. We categorized motives for religious sacrifice as approach motives or avoidance motives. Using these results, we created a measure of motives for religious sacrifice and provided initial psychometric support. Finally, a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that approach (but not avoidance) motives predicted increased spiritual well-being over 30 days and that frequency of religious sacrifice predicted increased life satisfaction, but only when associated with approach motives. In Study 2, we cross-validated the measure of motives for religious sacrifice with a new sample (N = 155), providing additional psychometric support. Overall findings support the application of the biopsychological theory of personality to religious sacrificial behavior and emphasize the importance of considering the motives behind religious activities. Clergy and mental health professionals are encouraged to promote genuineness in sacrifice to prevent feelings of inauthenticity and foster well-being.
This study examines the structure of the Personality Belief Questionnaire (PBQ), a self-report instrument designed to assess dysfunctional beliefs associated with personality pathology, as proposed ...by the cognitive theory of personality dysfunction.
The PBQ was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with responses from 438 depressed out-patients, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with responses from 683 treatment-seeking psychiatric out-patients. All participants were assessed for personality disorder (PD) using a standard clinical interview. The validity of the resulting factor structure was assessed in the combined sample (n=1121) by examining PBQ scores for patients with and without PD diagnoses.
Exploratory and confirmatory analyses converged to indicate that the PBQ is best described by seven empirically identified factors: six assess dysfunctional beliefs associated with forms of personality pathology recognized in DSM-IV. Validity analyses revealed that those diagnosed with a PD evidenced a higher average score on all factors, relative to those without these disorders. Subsets of patients diagnosed with specific DSM-IV PDs scored higher, on average, on the factor associated with their respective diagnosis, relative to all other factors.
The pattern of results has implications for the conceptualization of personality pathology. To our knowledge, no formal diagnostic or assessment system has yet systematically incorporated the role of dysfunctional beliefs into its description of personality pathology. The identification of dysfunctional beliefs may not only aid in case conceptualization but also may provide unique targets for psychological treatment. Recommendations for future personality pathology assessment systems are provided.
Schema modes in cluster B personality disorders Dadashzadeh, Hossein; Hekmati, Issa; Gholizade, Hossein ...
Archives of psychiatry and psychotherapy,
06/2016, Volume:
18, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Aim of the study
The present study aimed to investigate the role of schema modes in the cluster B personality disorders.
Subject or material and methods
Participants comprised of 220 individuals – 38 ...men and 137 women – selected from psychiatric and psychological clinics in Tabriz, Iran. Among the participants, 153 individuals were diagnosed with cluster B personality (44 with the borderline disorder, 16 with antisocial disorder, 56 with histrionic disorder and 37 with narcissistic personality disorder). Furthermore, 67 participants appeared to be without any personality disorders (PDs). The diagnosis of personality disorders was done by using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II disorders (SCID-II). All participants (with or without PDs) were asked to answer the Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory-3 (MCMI-III) and the Schema Modes Inventory (SMI).
Results
Vulnerable, angry and impulsive child modes are predictors of the borderline personality disorder, and the schema modes of the angry child, self-soother and healthy adult are predictors of antisocial personality disorder. Also, the impulsive and happy child, the attack-bully and healthy adult schema modes predict histrionic personality disorder. Finally, the angry, happy child, self-soother and self-aggrandizer schema modes could predict narcissistic personality disorder (NPD).
Discussion
Special schema modes have roles in explaining cluster B personality disorders, and yet these disorders may overlap each other with regard to some dimensions, especially in terms of cognitions and beliefs among cluster B personality disorders. It can be interpreted as the lack of specificity in categorical classification systems like DSM.
Conclusions
the conclusion is made about the current and alternative models of personality disorders
This article draws on the tenets of a Qura'nic theory of personality that has been recently developed (Abu-Raiya, 2012, 2014) to suggest a dynamic, conflict-based model of psychotherapy that can be ...utilized when working with religious Muslim clients. This model posits that the human psyche is composed of several structures that represent both satanic and divine sides of humans, and that the foundational conflict operating within the human psyche is between its satanic structures and their divine counterparts. Psychotherapy based on this model aims to uncover the nuances of the posited conflict, reduce anxiety associated with the conflict, and tame the satanic sides of the psyche by strengthening ego functioning and nurturing spiritual life. This type of psychotherapy should be applied by dynamically oriented, spirituality sensitive psychotherapists who are knowledgeable about the major Islamic tenets. It is appropriate for clients who are motivated, insight-oriented, and above all, accepting of the Qura'n as the main authority when it comes to significant psychological and human concerns. This model is brought to life in a case study. The article concludes by pointing to the prospects for the model and the challenges psychotherapists might face in applying it.
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