It has long been claimed that certain facial movements are universally perceived as emotional expressions. The critical tests of this universality thesis were conducted between 1969 and 1975 in ...small-scale societies in the Pacific using confirmation-based research methods. New studies conducted since 2008 have examined a wider sample of small-scale societies, including on the African and South American continents. They used more discovery-based research methods, providing an important opportunity for reevaluating the universality thesis. These new studies reveal diversity, rather than uniformity, in how perceivers make sense of facial movements, calling the universality thesis into doubt. Instead, they support a perceiver-constructed account of emotion perception that is consistent with the broader literature on perception.
The study of basic psychological needs has witnessed a strong revival, in part spurred by Basic Psychological Need Theory (BPNT), one of the six mini-theories within Self-Determination Theory. ...Empirical studies on BPNT have increased exponentially since the millennium turn, leading to refinements and extensions in theory. In this contribution we review these two decades of research in order to introduce two special issues on BPNT. We first discuss key criteria that define and identify a basic need within BPNT. We then review several need-relevant themes, highlighting advancements and trends that characterize contemporary research on BPNT. Specifically, we address potential extensions of the shortlist of basic psychological needs, the role of psychological need frustration in increasing vulnerability to maladjustment, the study of the interface between individuals’ psychological and physical needs (e.g., sleep, sex, hunger), novel insights into critical need-supportive and need-thwarting practices, and the universality (versus variability) of effects of need satisfactions and supports across demographics, psychological characteristics, and cultural contexts. We also situate each of the 19 contributions that appear in this special double-issue on BPNT within these themes, while suggesting avenues for further research on the role of basic psychological needs in motivation, adjustment, and wellness.
We give a necessary and sufficient condition so that we have disjoint universality for sequences of operators that map a holomorphic function to a partial sum of its Taylor expansion. This problem is ...connected with doubly universal Taylor series and this is an effort to generalize the concept to multiply universal Taylor series.
Enzymatic Numerical P Systems (ENPSs) are a model of membrane computing that is well-suited for the simulation of physical processes and that has been used for the design and the implementation of ...motion controllers for wheeled robots and flying drones. The ENPSs model has been proven to be Turing universal and the theoretical effort was focused on minimizing various descriptional complexity parameters. In this paper, we explore the minimum number of enzymatic rules needed to achieve universality in ENPSs, specifically focusing on the all-parallel derivation mode where all applicable rules are applied at the same time. We show that in the case of a linear restriction for production functions, the universality can be obtained using 21 enzymatic rules, substantially improving previously known results. If production functions are allowed to be polynomials of degree 2, we show that a single enzymatic rule is sufficient to achieve universality. To obtain these results, a new proof method is introduced based on the translation of ENPSs to systems of conditional recurrences.
•The number of enzymatic rules with linear production functions for ENPSs to reach universality is reduced to 21 from 39.•Only one enzymatic rule is sufficient for ENPSs to achieve universality when using degree-2 polynomials in nonlinear production functions.•Conditional recurrences are introduced to prove the universality of ENPSs.
Recent work on the Jensen polynomials of the Riemann xi-function and its derivatives found a connection to the Hermite polynomials. Those results have been suggested to give evidence for the Riemann ...Hypothesis, and furthermore it has been suggested that those results shed light on the random matrix statistics for zeros of the zeta-function. We place that work in the context of prior results, and explain why the appearance of Hermite polynomials is interesting and surprising, and may represent a new type of universal law which refines M. Berry's “cosine is a universal attractor” principle. However, we find there is no justification for the suggested connection to the Riemann Hypothesis, nor for the suggested connection to the conjectured random matrix statistics for zeros of L-functions. These considerations suggest that Jensen polynomials, as well as a large class of related polynomials, are not useful for attacking the Riemann Hypothesis. We propose general criteria for determining whether an equivalence to the Riemann Hypothesis is likely to be useful.
The S-Co(OH)2 contributes to the favorable morphology, ample electronegative sites and superior electrical conductivity. A universal immersion-flame strategy is employed to construct the ...S-Co(OH)2@NrGO composite, which delivers high active surface sites and enhanced specific capacity, almost ninefold improvement compared with pure Co(OH)2, with good rate capability.
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•Sulfur control optimally modulates the electron configuration and morphology of Co(OH)2.•The immersion-flame method is a universal approach for construction of TMHO@NrGO.•The S-Co(OH)2@NrGO achieves a ninefold capacity increase compared with pure Co(OH)2.•The as-assembled hybrid supercapacitor reaches a high energy density of 67.9 Wh kg−1.
The two-dimensional Co(OH)2 nanosheet is regarded as a potential electrode material, because of its high theoretical capacity and abundant reserves. Nevertheless, deficient electroactive sites and low intrinsic conductivity restrict its long-term development. Herein, the S-Co(OH)2@NrGO composite electrode is constructed by convenient and green sulfur control and graphene encapsulation strategies, which result in 63% improvement of electrochemical active surface area compared with pure Co(OH)2. Verifiably, the incorporation of S could transform morphology to expose more active sites and tune the electronic environment around Co to enhance intrinsic conductivity, and NrGO encapsulation could further contribute to high conductivity and maintain the stability of the material. Accordingly, the as-obtained S-Co(OH)2@NrGO provides a favorable specific capacity of 183 mAh g−1, nearly 9 times increasement compared with bare Co(OH)2, with excellent rate performance. The as-assembled S-Co(OH)2@NrGO//rGO hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) delivers an impressive energy density of 67.9 Wh kg−1 at 749.8 W kg−1 and achieves 90% capacity retention after 6000 GCD testing cycles. The coupled strategies open new channels for the preparation of advanced electrode materials.
We prove duality relations for two interacting particle systems: the q-deformed totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (q-TASEP) and the asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP). Expectations ...of the duality functionals correspond to certain joint moments of particle locations or integrated currents, respectively. Duality implies that they solve systems of ODEs. These systems are integrable and for particular step and half-stationary initial data we use a nested contour integral ansatz to provide explicit formulas for the systems' solutions, and hence also the moments. We form Laplace transform-like generating functions of these moments and via residue calculus we compute two different types of Fredholm determinant formulas for such generating functions. For ASEP, the first type of formula is new and readily lends itself to asymptotic analysis (as necessary to reprove GUE Tracy–Widom distribution fluctuations for ASEP), while the second type of formula is recognizable as closely related to Tracy and Widom's ASEP formula Comm. Math. Phys. 279 (2008) 815–844, J. Stat. Phys. 132 (2008) 291–300, Comm. Math. Phys. 290 (2009) 129–154, J. Stat. Phys. 140 (2010) 619–634. For q-TASEP, both formulas coincide with those computed via Borodin and Corwin's Macdonald processes Probab. Theory Related Fields (2014) 158 225–400. Both q-TASEP and ASEP have limit transitions to the free energy of the continuum directed polymer, the logarithm of the solution of the stochastic heat equation or the Hopf–Cole solution to the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang equation. Thus, q-TASEP and ASEP are integrable discretizations of these continuum objects; the systems of ODEs associated to their dualities are deformed discrete quantum delta Bose gases; and the procedure through which we pass from expectations of their duality functionals to characterizing generating functions is a rigorous version of the replica trick in physics.
We consider sample covariance matrices of the form Q = (∑½X)(∑½X)*, where the sample X is an M × N random matrix whose entries are real independent random variables with variance 1/N and where ∑ is ...an M × M positive-definite deterministic matrix. We analyze the asymptotic fluctuations of the largest rescaled eigenvalue of Q when both M and N tend to infinity with N/M → d ϵ (0, ∞). For a large class of populations ∑ in the sub-critical regime, we show that the distribution of the largest rescaled eigenvalue of Q is given by the type-1 Tracy-Widom distribution under the additional assumptions that (1) either the entries of X are i.i.d. Gaussians or (2) that ∑ is diagonal and that the entries of X have a sub-exponential decay.
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