In recent years, the field of emotion has grown enormously—recently, nearly 250 scientists were identified who are studying emotion. In this article, I report a survey of the field, which revealed ...high agreement about the evidence regarding the nature of emotion, supporting some of both Darwin's and Wundt's 19th century proposals. Topics where disagreements remain were also exposed.
The Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) universality class describes a broad range of non-equilibrium fluctuations, including those of growing interfaces, directed polymers and particle transport, to name but ...a few. Since the year 2000, our understanding of the one-dimensional KPZ class has been completely renewed by mathematical physics approaches based on exact solutions. Mathematical physics has played a central role since then, leading to a myriad of new developments, but their implications are clearly not limited to mathematics — as a matter of fact, it can also be studied experimentally. The aim of these lecture notes is to provide an introduction to the field that is accessible to non-specialists, reviewing basic properties of the KPZ class and highlighting main physical outcomes of mathematical developments since the year 2000. It is written in a brief and self-contained manner, with emphasis put on physical intuitions and implications, while only a small (and mostly not the latest) fraction of mathematical developments could be covered. Liquid-crystal experiments by the author and coworkers are also reviewed.
•A review on recent developments on KPZ, intended for non-specialists, is given.•Physical implications of theoretical results are stressed.•Connections to directed polymer, a quantum many-body system, etc. are explained.•Experimental study using liquid-crystal turbulence is also explained.
Flavour anomalies in heavy quark decays Albrecht, J.; van Dyk, D.; Langenbruch, C.
Progress in particle and nuclear physics,
September 2021, 2021-09-00, Volume:
120
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Recent measurements of b-hadron decays show a pattern of consistent tensions with the respective Standard Model (SM) predictions. These tensions appear both in the sector of rare flavour-changing ...neutral currents and in tree-level semileptonic b-hadron decays. Flavour-changing neutral-current decays are loop-suppressed in the SM and are thus very susceptible to contributions from new heavy particles and/or new interactions beyond the SM.
In rare semileptonic decays tensions are observed in measurements of branching fractions and angular observables, as well as in lepton flavour universality tests. Lepton flavour universality is also tested by comparing tree-level b→cℓ−ν̄τ processes involving third generation leptons ℓ=τ to semileptonic decays with light leptons ℓ=e,μ in the final state. These tests also show tensions between measurements and the SM prediction.
Taken together, these tensions constitute the so-called flavour anomalies in b-hadron decays, and could be first signs of New Physics (NP) beyond the SM, if established beyond any reasonable doubt. This article reviews both the current experimental status of the flavour anomalies and developments for the relevant theoretical predictions. The review concludes with a discussion of future prospects for the field.
We obtain exact formulas for moments and generating functions of the height function of the asymmetric simple exclusion process at one spatial point, starting from special initial data in which every ...positive even site is initially occupied. These complement earlier formulas of E. Lee J. Stat. Phys. 140 (2010) 635-647 but, unlike those formulas, ours are suitable in principle for asymptotics. We also explain how our formulas are related to divergent series formulas for half-flat KPZ of Le Doussal and Calabrese J. Stat. Mech. 2012 (2012) P06001, which we also recover using the methods of this paper. These generating functions are given as a series without any apparent Fredholm determinant or Pfaffian structure. In the long time limit, formal asymptotics show that the fluctuations are given by the Airy2→1 marginals.
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•NH4Cl-modified g-C3N4/ZnAl-LDHs heterojunction has been prepared by controlled ultrasonication treatment.•Suitable band edge potential of NH4Cl-modified g-C3N4 and ZnAl-LDHs played a ...vital role to enhance the photodegradation activity in artificial seawater.•Optimized samples illustrated their co-interaction increased visible light photocatalytic performance for the degradation of pollutants in artificial seawater.•The superior activity attributed to the migration of energy for forming unique heterojunction to accelerate the transfer of charge carriers.
In this regard, an NH4Cl-modified g-C3N4/ZnAl-layered double hydroxides (CCN/LDHs) was successfully prepared by combining the calcine and hydrothermal treatment. The heterojunction samples are a hierarchical nanosheet structure self-assembled from the stacked hybrid flakes. The CCN/LDHs heterojunctions exhibited a superior synergistic effect between CCN and LDHs for decomposing typical tetracycline (TC) antibiotics in modulated seawater. The photodegradation kinetics constant of TC in seawater of CCN/LDHs hybrids showed 2.12 and 2.61 times higher than that of CCN and LDHs under visible light irradiation, respectively. The reusability and stability of the materials was also proved via cycling experiments. Additionally, the possible photo-degradation mechanism was illustrated based on the trapping experiments, EPR results and electron-hole pairs migration pathway analysis. With all results, this study complies the CCN/LDHs composite heterojunction and exhibits a tremendous synergistic effect for accelerating the separation of photogenerated charge carriers, which is beneficial for enhanced visible light photodegradation capacity. The exploration of CCN/LDHs in natural water systems (Xiangjiang River and underground water, Changsha, China) and heavy metal ions (Cr(VI)) demonstrated a great potential for its practical application.
Spiking neural P systems with autapses Song, Xiaoxiao; Valencia-Cabrera, Luis; Peng, Hong ...
Information sciences,
September 2021, 2021-09-00, Volume:
570
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•Present SN P systems with autapses as a new variant of SN P systems by introducing autapses.•Prove SN P systems with autapses are Turing universal as natural number generators.•Construct an SN P ...systems with autapses with 53 neurons for computing functions.•A simulator is developed and used to check the correctness of universal SNP-AU systems.
Inspired by the structure and communication method of neural systems, a parallel computing model, spiking neural P systems (SN P systems, for short), was proposed in 2006. A new class of SN P systems, SN P systems with autapses (SNP-AU systems), is presented in this work. Autapses are a special kind of synapses, connecting the axon of a neuron onto itself. We prove that SNP-AU systems can generate Turing-computable numbers, through the simulation of the modules of universal register machines. This result improves significantly the results given by classical SN P systems in terms of the number of neurons and rules, while preserving simplicity and power to a reasonable extent. Moreover, we construct an SNP-AU system using 53 neurons, proving its universality for computing functions. Finally, going beyond the design of the building blocks of register machines, a whole universal machine is provided. Thus, a simulator is developed and used to check the correctness of two universal SNP-AU systems proposed in this paper, complementing the theoretical proof with the experimental validation of our systems with respect to the reference example appearing in the foundational paper of small register machines.
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