Percepcija je javnosti da su državni službenici neučinkoviti, spori i korumpirani, što je teško pobiti. Poznato je da borba protiv korupcije podrazumijeva upotrebu represivnih sredstava, ali i ...prevenciju. Jedan je od alata prevencije korupcije donošenje i primjena Etičkih kodeksa u tijelima državne uprave, ali jednako tako u jedinicama lokalne i regionalne samouprave i općenito javnom sektoru. U svim državnim tijelima imenovani su povjerenici za etiku. Povjerenici prate primjenu Etičkog kodeksa
državnih službenika, promiču etičko ponašanje u međusobnim odnosima službenika te odnosima
službenika prema građanima, zaprimaju pritužbe na neetično ponašanje i postupanje službenika,
provode postupak ispitivanja osnovanosti pritužbi te vode evidenciju o zaprimljenim pritužbama. U
radu su korišteni materijali objavljeni na mrežnim stranicama Ministarstva pravosuđa i uprave. Rad
daje odgovore na dva pitanja: 1. Je li primjenom Etičkog kodeksa državnih službenika smanjen broj
pritužbi na rad i ponašanje državnih službenika u promatranom razdoblju, od 2018. do 2022.
godine? 2. Je li u razdoblju od 2018. do 2022. godine povećan ili smanjen broj kazni za neetično
ponašanje?
Na temelju dosadašnjih istraživanja, prostorne analize, pisanih izvora i rezultata arheoloških istraživanja u ovom ćemo radu ponuditi hipotezu o fazama oblikovanja prostora dubrovačkoga predgrađa ...koji se transformira u središte grada tijekom 13. stoljeća, a danas u sebi nosi veliku slojevitost stoljetnih promjena. Komunalno planiranje predgrađā počinje već u prvoj polovini 13. stoljeća, prije promjena zabilježenih u regulacijama ulica 1272. i 1296. godine, a na prijelazu u 14. stoljeću kulminira unificiranjem različitih cjelina u jedinstveni prostor.
This paper employs a combined approach of urban history, archaeology, and spatial analysis to enhance our understanding of Dubrovnik’s spatial development and urban planning during the 13th century, a very dynamic period in the city’s history. Formation of the suburbs is traced from the expansion beyond the city core ( nucleus ) to the completion of the medieval city in the first decades of the 14th century by integrating new areas. The study is based on primary written sources, recent archaeological and conservation research, and spatial analyses of the preserved urban fabric to identify communication routes that existed before the statutory regulation of streets, reconstructing the planning phases that predated the Statute. During the period of Venetian rule (1205-1358), Dubrovnik underwent significant political and social changes, transforming into a major maritime and trade centre in the southern Adriatic. Rapid population growth led to increased housing demand and the expansion of the old town’s boundaries. During this period, the city nearly tripled in size, leading to planned long-term projects such as filling in marshland between the old city on the peninsula and the coast (reinforcing and levelling the terrain) and (re)organizing the (new) suburban land in several stages. This complex process changed the size of blocks, introduced new communication routes, redirected old ones, and led to the construction of new lines of walls. By the early 14th century, this prolonged work-in-progress culminated in the unification of various suburbs and their final annexation to the old city. This dynamic formation resulted in intense residential mobility and a completely transformed relationship between the centre and the periphery. The (re)organization of suburban land into a new city centre evolved alongside changes in the area’s function, the character and number of its inhabitants, the construction of new public buildings extra muros , the development of the city port, and various responses to crises (wars, fires, economic changes). By the mid-13th century, the suburb had become a residential area attracting some of Dubrovnik’s richest families (both newcomers and locals), mainly nobles, but also wealthy commoners and various institutions. The area’s economic potential was bolstered by its proximity to the new political, economic, and administrative city centre.
Zaštita prava manjina, što podrazumijeva i osiguranje učinkovitog sudjelovanja, kako u političkom, tako i u kulturnom, društvenom i gospodarskom životu pripadnika nacionalnih manjina, nedjeljiva je ...od načela zabrane diskriminacije. Republika Hrvatska primjer je dobro uređenog normativnog okvira učinkovitog sudjelovanja pripadnika nacionalnih manjina, što podrazumijeva i njihovo sudjelovanje u tijelima javne uprave. Zato je s ciljem utvrđivanja trendova u zapošljavanju pripadnika nacionalnih manjina u tim tijelima – tijelima državne uprave, pravosudnim tijelima i upravnim tijelima jedinica lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave – napravljena analiza javno dostupnih podataka iz izvješća o provođenju Ustavnog zakona o pravima nacionalnih manjina od 2009. do 2021. godine. Također, napravljena je analiza podataka o pojavnosti diskriminacije na temelju etničke pripadnosti u području rada i zapošljavanja iz izvješća o pojavama diskriminacije Ureda pučke pravobraniteljice. Analiza rezultata pokazuje trendove smanjenja udjela zaposlenih pripadnika nacionalnih manjina u spomenutim tijelima.
The protection of the rights of national minorities, which also implies ensuring effective participation, in the political, as well as in the cultural, social and economic life of members of national minorities, is inseparable from the principle of prohibition of discrimination. The Republic of Croatia is an example of a well-regulated normative framework for the effective participation of members of national minorities, which also implies their participation in public administration bodies. With the aim of determining trends in the employment of national minorities in these bodies - state administration bodies, judicial bodies and administrative bodies of local and regional self-government units, an analysis was made of publicly available data from the report on the implementation of the Constitutional Law on the Rights of National Minorities for the period from 2009. until 2021. From the report on the occurrences of discrimination of the Office of the Ombudsman, an analysis was made of the occurrence of discrimination based on ethnicity, as well as in the field of work and employment. Analysis of the results shows decreasing trends in the share of employed members of national minorities in public administration bodies.
Polazište i okvir ovog rada je određenje zajedničkog cilj državne uprave, odnosno javne uprave (koja u širem smislu obuhvaća državnu upravu, lokalnu i područnu (regionalnu) samoupravu i javne ...službe), koje u najširem smislu imaju za cilj „zadovoljavanje općih interesa i javnih potreba“, pa tako i javnog interesa u području zaštite na radu . U ovome radu piše se o poslovima državne uprave, ustrojstvu državne uprave (pa i u 2023. godini), a posebno o Ministarstvu rada, mirovinskoga sustava, obitelji i socijalne politike (Uprava za rad i zaštitu na radu, istaknuto) i Državnom inspektoratu (područjima inspekcijskih poslova i „sektoru inspekcije rada“), kao i o uredbama o unutrašnjem ustroju tijela državne uprave. Izdvaja se dio sadržaja u radu koji se odnosi na kronološki (razvojni) prikaz tijela državne uprave (njihovo ustrojstvo i djelokrug kroz ministarstva, središnjih državnih ureda i državnih upravnih organizacija u području zaštite na radu od 1990. do 2023. godine).
Ustav Republike Hrvatske i zakoni na snazi (kao i oni koji su važili od 1990. godine utvrđuju poslove državne uprave kao uvjetovanih cjelina: provedba državnih politika; neposredna provedba zakona i drugih propisa te izravno primjenjivih propisa Europske unije; inspekcijski nadzori; upravni nadzori; drugi upravni i stručni poslovi državne uprave. Za uspješno funkcioniranje tog sustava bitni su, pored drugih, ustrojstvo državne uprave. To se u ovom radu ističe prikazom ustrojstva nadležnosti tijela državne uprave Republike Hrvatske u području zaštite na radu.
The point and scope of this paper is to determine the common goal of the state administration, local and regional administrations and public services that work to ‘meet public interest and needs’, including occupational safety. Described in the paper are the state administration jobs, its organiza-tion (including in 2023), focusing in particular on the Ministry of Labour, Pension System, Family and Social Policy (Directorate for Labour and Safety at Work), and State Inspectorate, with special focus on the Labour Inspectorate, including the internal organization of the state administration bodies. A separate section addresses the chronology and development of the state administration bodies (their organization and scope through the ministries, central state offices and state administration organizations related to occupational safety from 1990 to 2023. The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia and the acts in force (as well as those valid from 1990 state the competencies of the state administration including the implementation of state policies, implementation of the law and other regulations and the directly implementable EU regulations, inspection, administrative supervision, and other administrative tasks of the state administration. If the system is to function successfully, the organization of the state administration, among other factors, is essential. The paper focuses on the organization of occupational safety under the authority of the various state administration bodies of the Republic of Croatia.
Digitalna javna uprava kao koncept djelovanja javne uprave i dio središnjeg servisa građana, treba dovesti do bržeg, učinkovitijeg i odgovornijeg pristupa uslugama. U Republici Hrvatskoj ...digitalizacija javne uprave provodi se već niz godina, odnosno od 2014. kada je s radom započeo sustav e-Građani kojim je do danas digitalizirano više od 100 usluga. Ključni preduvjet digitalizacije javne uprave jest odgovarajući zakonodavni okvir na nacionalnoj te na razini Europske unije. Premda Zakon o općem upravnom postupku iz 2010. sadrži niz odredbi koje omogućavaju uspostavu tzv. elektroničke javne uprave, njegove prve izmjene i dopune iz 2021. otvorile su put ka daljnjoj digitalizaciji javne uprave. Poseban osvrt autori pridaju digitalizaciji unutar sustava socijalne skrbi, s obzirom na to da se njime naglašava važnost zaštite najranjivijih društvenih skupina. Kako bi uz normativnu analizu ukazali i na stvarnu funkcionalnost digitalizirane javne uprave, autori analiziraju dvije grupe statističkih podataka. Tako predstavljaju statističke podatke o broju korisnika sustava e-Građani, kao i broj korisnika digitaliziranog sustava socijalne skrbi. Poseban je naglasak na provedenoj analizi službenih mrežnih stranica centara za socijalnu skrb u Republici Hrvatskoj te na dostupnosti izjava o digitalnoj pristupačnosti, odnosno pristupačnosti službenih mrežnih stranica. Ti pokazatelji ukazuju na daljnje izazove digitalizacije javne uprave te važnosti razvijanja inkluzivnog pristupa.
Digital public administration as a concept of public administration and part of the central service for citizens should lead to faster, more efficient, and more responsible access to services. In the Republic of Croatia, the digitization of public administration has been carried out for several years, i.e., since 2014, when the e-Citizens system began to operate, with which more than 100 services have been digitized to date. A key prerequisite for the digitization of public administration is an appropriate legislative framework at the national and European Union level. Although the General Administrative Procedure Act from 2010 contains many provisions that enable the establishment of the so-called electronic public administration, its first amendments from 2021 opened a further path toward further digitization of public administration. The authors pay special attention to the digitization of the social care system, given that it emphasizes the importance of protecting the most vulnerable social groups. To point out the real functionality of digitized public administration in addition to the normative analysis, the authors analyze two groups of statistical data. Thus, they present statistical data on the number of users of the e-Citizens system, as well as the number of users of the digitized social welfare system. Special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the official websites of social welfare centers in the Republic of Croatia and the availability of digital accessibility statement, i.e., the accessibility of official websites. These indicators point to further challenges of digitization of public administration and the importance of developing an inclusive approach.
From the Five Star Movement to Podemos, from the Pirate Parties to La France Insoumise, from the movements behind Bernie Sanders to those backing Jeremy Corbyn, the last decade has witnessed the rise ...of a new blueprint for political organisation: the digital party. Paolo Gerbaudo addresses the organisational revolution that is transforming political parties in the time of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Cambridge Analytica. Drawing on interviews with political leaders and organisers, Gerbaudo demonstrates that besides rapidly growing in votes, these formations have also revitalised party democracy, involving hundreds of thousands in discussions carried out on online decision-making platforms. Participatory, yet plebiscitarian, open and democratic, yet dominated by charismatic 'hyperleaders', digital parties display both great potentials and risks for the development of new forms of mass participation in an era of growing inequality. All political parties will have to reckon with the lessons of the digital party.
In this paper, the author presents the results of the Tanzimat principle of electoral equality of Muslims and non-Muslims in the District of Banja Luka and its subdistricts. By the Tanzimat ...regulation of electoral equality, the author refers to those parts of the 1864 Ottoman Vilayet Law and its 1867/1871 amendments that regulate the equality of Muslims and non-Muslims in terms of electing their representatives in the local councils. In that sense, this paper does not present the implementation of the entire Vilayet Law, the entire administration and its bodies and services, but only refers to the local councils at the levels of sanjak and kaza. The paper has been written on the ground of relevant references, while the Ottoman annual reports for the Vilayet of Bosnia were the sources for the data regarding the councils. A general assessment is that the electoral equality in the said area was mostly respected, but not entirely since there were obvious deviations from the Law.
Arhivski vodiči nerijetko su vrlo opsežni jer obuhvaćaju cjelokupni fundus pojedinog arhiva, stoga su nepregledni, a za pojedine istraživače čak i obeshrabrujući. U ovom radu prikazani su fondovi ...nastali radom javne uprave, pravosuđa i Vojne krajine u razdoblju od postanka grada Bjelovara do 1941. godine, a odnose se na grad Bjelovar. Forma tematskog vodiča odabrana je kako bi na jednome mjestu bilo moguće izdvojiti ono najstarije i najfragmentiranije gradivo koje se odnosi na upravno-pravni život grada. Takav pristup ostavio je prostor za detaljno popisivanje arhivskih jedinica svih fondova. Kako bi na jednome mjestu bili popisani svi izvori za povijest grada, detektirani su i popisani svi fondovi arhivskoga gradiva s bjelovarskog područja koje čuvaju baštinske ustanove u Republici Hrvatskoj – Hrvatski državni arhiv, Državni arhiv u Bjelovaru i Gradski muzej u Bjelovaru. Prikazani fondovi sadrže najviše konkretnih informacija o razvoju grada, funkcioniranju ustanova i organizaciji života u gradu. Cilj je rada približiti arhivsko gradivo svim potencijalnim istraživačima povijesti Bjelovara.
Autor je na temelju neobjavljenoga arhivskoga gradiva i recentne literature istražio osnivanje i djelovanje Hrvatskoga kulturnog društva „Napredak“ iz Sarajeva u Splitu od 1922. godine kada je ...utemeljena Splitska podružnica, koja je, unatoč političkim pritiscima u razdoblju Kraljevine Jugoslavije, uspjela ostvariti veći dio svojih programskih ciljeva. Podružnica je djelovala, unatoč brojnim zaprekama, sve do konca 1940. godine kada je zbog početka rata prestala s radom. Uspostavom Republike Hrvatske Splitska je podružnica obnovljena 25. lipnja 1991. godine.
Članak razmatra ustroj, djelokrug i teritorijalnu nadležnost Gradskoga poglavarstva Varaždin između dva svjetska rata. Prikazana su tri međusobno koordinirana tijela Gradskoga poglavarstva: gradsko ...zastupstvo kao lokalno predstavničko tijelo, odbori kao savjetodavna tijela zastupstva i gradsko poglavarstvo kao izvršno tijelo. U poglavlju o zastupstvu kronološki su predstavljeni svi mandati zastupstva, načelnici i vladini povjerenici koji su upravljali gradom. U narednom poglavlju razrađen je djelokrug svakoga odbora zasebno i taksativno su pobrojani svi odbori izabrani u promatranom razdoblju. Posljednje poglavlje analizira organizaciju ustrojbenih jedinica u kojima se je odvijalo poslovno djelovanje poglavarstva. Pogled na djelovanje gradske uprave zaokružen je zakonskom regulativom i naznakom unitarističko-centralističkih i apsolutističkih tendencija koje su oblikovale svekoliku društveno-političku zbilju, uključujući i rad jedinica lokalne vlasti.
The article analyzes the structure, scope and territorial jurisdiction of the Varaždin City Government, a unit of local administration that governed the Varaždin municipality in the period 1918-1941. From 1918 to 1920, the city municipality included the area of the city of Varaždin together with the villages of Varaždin Breg and Novo Selo, and from January 1, 1921 it was further expanded with the village of Šandorovec.Two basic laws defined the structure and scope of city governments between the two world wars: the Law on the Organization of City Municipalities in the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia of 1895 and the Law on City Municipalities of 1934. After the introduction of the dictatorship in 1929, two more laws were passed that had a decisive impact on the functioning of cities. One dissolved all self-governments on the territory of the state and the other annulled all existing election procedures, so that all subsequent city councils were appointed by a Ban’s decision. The abolition of previous legislation, strict hierarchical supervision, the appointment of city councils and government commissioners close to the state regime and the complete denial of electoral principles led, especially in the first half of the 1930s, to the narrowing of self-governing rights of city municipalities. The paper presents three mutually coordinated bodies of the City Government: the council as a local representative body, committees as advisory bodies of the council and the government as an executive body. The chapter on the city council, in addition to the structure and competencies, provides a chronological overview of the mandate of the council and a list of mayors and government commissioners who changed during the interwar years. In the 1920s, four city councils were elected and from 1929 to 1941, five were appointed. All four elected councils disbanded before the end of a six-year term due to political and party disagreements, lack of a solid coalition or personal animosities. The city council was chaired by the mayors or presidents of the city municipality. In the observed period, Varaždin had four elected and eight appointed mayors and six government commissioners. The longest-serving elected mayor was Vjenceslav Podgajski with a four-and-a-half-year term. The council had standing committees for more efficient solution of administrative cases and faster decision making. The committees were established in accordance with the statute (Legal-Political Committee, Excise, Economic, For Paupers and Orphans, For City Enterprises, etc.) or particular legislation (School, Agricultural, Committee for Emergency Passages, Health, etc.). Their number varied over the years between twelve and eighteen. The performance of all administrative and self-governing tasks belonged to the domain of the government, which was divided into organizational units, the so-called sections. However, little attention was paid to the organization itself. The greatest progress towards better organization was made only in 1937, when the number of departments was finally stabilized and the systematic marking of files with numerical designations of organizational units began. From then until 1941 the administrative work had been conducted in twelve and later thirteen departments (one department was established in 1938). This article should make it easier for researchers to use the material of exceptionally valuable, frequently used and researched archival fonds of the State Archives in Varaždin, but it can also serve as a guide for understanding the administrative history of other city governments in continental Croatia, whose functioning is defined by the same legislation and the general socio-political climate of the interwar period.