The study presented here is aimed at analysing the current state of clothing trade in the Balkan states. The dynamics of change over a 15‐year period following economic reforms are revealed. The ...clothing industries play a significant role and continue to contribute to the economic prosperity of countries with an inexpensive labour force. For most Balkan States clothing’s export plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development – for example, exports of garments Albania was in 2015, 16.81% of its exports, Republic of Macedonia 11.75% of its exports, in Turkey10.51% etc. The main factors which influence the level of competitiveness of clothing products from the Balkans are the gross value added per employee and wages. When the producers of the Balkan countries will create products with higher added value in garment industry the competitiveness of these countries will decrease. Also rising wages in this industry, as a result of trade union pressure or government policy, will lead to decreasing competitiveness of these products on the EU market and implicitly to the decrease of exports of garments from these countries. The main challenges that must face the Balkan States are related to restructuring of economic system, changing trade markets and patterns, declining of domestic demand of most merchandise, reduction of competitive ability, narrow export base, and lower economies of scale. The main opportunities that most of these countries can exploit are related to their geographical position, membership of the EU market, infrastructure in garment sector, and highly skilled workforce.
The article deals with the issue of the distribution of value added in the course of wage formation. Improvement of the efficiency of social production in Russia is associated with the need for ...innovative, technological changes that should lead to an increase in labor productivity. The Russian Federation is not a country with a high level of production efficiency. Frequently, this very fact is the reason for justifying the low wages in the country. The paradox of the existence of the category of working citizens — “the working poor” — in the country is based, among other things, on a low level of guaranteed incomes — the minimum wage. The minimum wage until May 1, 2018 did not meet the minimum wage. Neither in economic theory nor in the practice of national economies does there exist an “optimal” correlation of the distribution of value added between employees and owners. Yet, the ratio of the minimum wage to the value added rather vividly characterizes the fairness of the current systems of relations in the labour market, this phenomenon being termed “the freedom of work” by a number of experts. The size of the average wage in the region depends on the presence of high value added industries in the territory, i.e. on industry specialization. The established practice in Russia is as follows: the higher the level of average wage is, the lower the share of value added per wage is. Regions without specialization in high value-added economic activities will more realistically assess the level of socio-economic development, basing their strategic development on industries that form more equitable wage systems and equalize the average wage
Building upon the resource-based view of the firm and the managerial rents model, we explore role played by two forms of management capability ('general' and 'HR specific') in the use of high ...performance work organization (HPWO) practices and their impact on performance.
A nationally representative establishment-level survey of organizational practices conducted in 1999 and 2002 in a single industry found that both forms of management capability were associated with the use of HPWO practices in 1999 but this association did not hold for the use of HPWO practices in 2002. There was a strong and positive relationship between the use of HPWO practices in 1999 and subsequent value-added per employee in 2002. HR-specific management capability did not moderate the relationship between HPWO practices in 1999 and value-added per employee in 2002. Contrary to expectations we found high levels of value-added per employee where the use of HPWO practices was high but our measure of general management resources was low.
The article presents the underlying principles, derivation and properties of a simple descriptive measure of concordance between two analogous rank structures that we call the coefficient of ...structural concordance. It is based upon the idea of Kendalls coefficient of concordance, which we extend to two rank structures. As the coefficient of structural concordance is a pure intergroup measure of concordance, it is designed to complement the Kendalls intragroup coefficient of concordance. We apply this descriptive measure by exploring the relationship between wages and labour productivity in Slovenia for the period 19982007. We are able to confirm the hypothesis of high concordance between wages and labour productivity, which indicates a stimulative role of wages in production of market traded goods and services.
The article presents the underlying principles, derivation and properties of a simple descriptive measure of concordance between two analogous rank structures that we call the coefficient of ...structural concordance. It is based upon the idea of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, which we extend to two rank structures. As the coefficient of structural concordance is a pure intergroup measure of concordance, it is designed to complement the Kendall’s intragroup coefficient of concordance. We apply this descriptive measure by exploring the relationship between wages and labour productivity in Slovenia for the period 1998–2007. We are able to confirm the hypothesis of high concordance between wages and labour productivity, which indicates a stimulative role of wages in production of market traded goods and services.
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