The Construction Method of IN-situ Stabilized Excavated Materials ‹INSEM› by which excavated sandgravel materials are fully effectively used without wastes is introduced in Sabo works for difficult ...sites of treatment of the waste materials. The INSEM is a construction material to stabilize in-situ sand-gravels generated by excavation works through mixing with cement. Though the INSEM is similar in material to the CSG or soil cements, the INSEM method is fundamentally unique in its complete treatment of waste soils. The method can be applied to multi-purpose usage for whole structures, foundations, inside cores etc. by reason of its inherence such as simplicity, diversity and economy. This paper mainly presents the laboratory test results on basic mechanical properties of the INSEM indispensable to using it in the right place for sabo structures. The basic properties include compressive strength, shear strength, deformability and erosion resistance peculiar to Sabo structures. The test results show that the INSEM is an useful material having the sufficient mechanical properties for Sabo structures. Using this material appropriately may be a means to attempt an optimum solution to Sabo structures adaptable to the new era.
Today, waste material is one of the most widely used forms of renewable fuel in the United States for homes, schools, factories, prisons, and power plants. In 2010, biomass waste exceeded the total ...energy produced from all our nation's hydropower plants. Biomass is a renewable technology that enjoys a high capacity factor. Biomass fuels produce more than 7,700 megawatts of electricity. It is a renewable organic material that can be used to produce energy and derived from various types of vegetation, trees, branches, roots, bark, and animal or human waste. Today, biomass, which is safe, non‐hazardous, and nonlethal fuel, is burned in power plants at very high temperatures and can produce a great deal of heat or energy. This chapter explains the concept of biomass energy and the power plant from which it is generated; it further explains the advantages of using this means of energy.
Although China has one of the longest rammed earth histories of any country in the world, the traditional building method has virtually died out and has even been made illegal. However, the explosion ...in construction combined with the lack of natural resources is creating renewed interest for rammed earth, in particular modern rammed earth. This chapter will explore the challenges and opportunities that face the growth of modern rammed earth construction in China. It will also touch on the selection and engineering of local earth, construction techniques and future trends. As the field begins to see renewed interest, it is turning away from its roots and looking abroad for technical know-how. Without a doubt, if the opportunities come to outweigh the challenges, China could well become the global source of innovation for rammed earth construction.
Applications of waste material (lignite ash and crab shell) on sloping area for soil erosion decreasing Unpeng Inthachang(Naresuan University. Phayao Campus, Phayao (Thailand). School of Energy and Environment); Chaitamlong Pongpatanasiri(Naresuan University, Phitsanulok (Thailand). Faculty of Engineering. Industrial Engineering Department); Tanuchai Kongkraw(Kasetsart University, Bangkok (Thailand). Faculty of Agriculture. Department of Soil Science) ...
2009
Conference Proceeding
Because the Northern Thailand has frequently been subjected to deluge and land-slide, it is very important to find a long-term solution to prevent soil erosion. Here, the experiments were divided ...into 1) application of lignite ash and ground crab shell on the sloping area to study its soil physical properties 2) comparison between the effect of the bottom ash and fly ash on highland agricultural areas and 3) studying the efficiency of the created sediment-trap cannels combined with the use of the bottom ash and fly ash. The study of the soil physical properties indicates that the soil structure was strengthened in every experiment as evident from soil density, porosity, water contents, soil three phases, and permeability. For soil hardness test, the soil in the fly ash treated plot appeared to be the hardest one among all experiments. In the 3rd experiment, the bottom ash treated plot showed the highest runoff volume whereas the fly ash treated plot showed the lowest value. When considered the sediment volume only in the 3rd experiment, the fly ash treated plot lost the least (P LT= 0.05) sediment from its plot comparing to the control and the bottom ash treated plots. The amount of TKN and P2O5 had a similar tendency to those for the volume sediment when comparing between the experiments.
To understand the behavior of the entrained-flow gasification of organic wastes, high calorie value polypropylene (PP) and low calorie value polyethylene terephthalate (PET) were gasified in a single ...nozzle type Drop Tube Furnace (DTF). In a small scale of gasifier, it is very difficult to obtain as high temperature as 1, 300°C with a low oxygen-carbon molar ratio as being done in larger scale than pilot plants, and it is necessary to operate in high oxygen-carbon molar ratio in order to maintain the reaction temperature 1, 300°C because the heat loss becomes significant in comparison with heating load in the furnace. When methane gas was introduced as an auxiliary fuel under the low oxygen-carbon molar ratio, the reaction temperatures was achieved over 1, 300°C and higher carbon gasification conversion than 80% was attained. The composition of the main gas produced by gasification was correlated by the shift reaction equilibrium at the temperature above 1, 250°C. Then the equilibrium constant, which was almost independent of the temperature in the range, could be approximated about 0.85.
Bu çalışmada, atık lastiklerden beton içinde kullanmak amacıyla ince ve iri lastik agregalar üretilmiştir. Bu lastik
agregalar normal agrega ile sırasıyla % 5, 10, 15 ve 20 oranlarında hacimsel ...olarak yer değiştirilmek suretiyle
lastik agregalı betonlar elde edilmiştir. Üretilen lastik agregalı betonların fiziksel ve mekanik özellikleri
belirlenmiştir. Eğilmede çekme deneylerinin yapılabilmesi için 100x100x500 mm ebatlarında kiriş numuneler
hazırlanmıştır. Bu numuneler eğilmede çekme deneylerine tabi tutularak deney esnasında kirişlerin orta
noktalarından elde edilen sehim miktarları ölçülmüştür. Bu sehim miktarlarından faydalanarak üretilen lastik
agregalı betonların elastisite modülleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, üretilen lastik agregalı betonların elastisite
modülleri çeşitli ülkelerin standartlarında önerilen ampirik formüllerle de hesaplanmıştır. Deneysel olarak
belirlenen elastisite modülleri ile ampirik formüllerle hesaplanan elastisite modülleri arasındaki ilişki
belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, betondaki lastik miktarı arttıkça deneysel verilerle hesaplanan elastisite
modülleri ile ampirik formüllerle hesaplanan elastisite modülleri arasındaki ilişkinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir.
Ancak, Amerika Beton Enstitüsü (ACI) tarafından önerilen formül ile deneysel olarak hesaplanan elastisite
modülü arasında oldukça yüksek bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür.
In this study, fine and coarse rubber aggregates were produced for using in concrete. Rubber filled concretes
have been produced by replacing the normal aggregates with rubber aggregates (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) by
volume respectively. Physical and mechanical properties of the produced rubber filled concretes have been
determined. Beam specimens with 100 x 100 x 500 mm were prepared for the three point bending tests. The
three point bending tests have conducted on these beam specimens and deflection amount of the beams during
the test have been measured. By using the deflection values elasticity modulus of the produced specimens have
been determined. Also, the elasticity modulus of the specimens has been calculated by using empirical equations
which were proposed from some countries' standards. It was tried to determine that the relationship between the
experimental results and empirical equation results for elasticity modulus. As a result, it is determined that while
increasing rubber content in the concrete the relationship between experimental results and empirical equation
results for elasticity modulus were decreased. However, it is observed that there was a high correlation between
experimental results and empirical equation proposed by American Concrete Institute (ACI) for elasticity
modulus.
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