Kollaborative Informationsdienste im Web 2.0 werden von den Internetnutzern nicht nur dazu genutzt, digitale Informationsressourcen zu produzieren, sondern auch, um sie inhaltlich mit eigenen ...Schlagworten, sog. Tags, zu erschließen. Dabei müssen die Nutzer nicht wie bei Bibliothekskatalogen auf Regeln achten. Die Menge an nutzergenerierten Tags innerhalb eines Kollaborativen Informationsdienstes wird als Folksonomy bezeichnet. Die Folksonomies dienen den Nutzern zum Wiederauffinden eigener Ressourcen und für die Recherche nach fremden Ressourcen. Das Buch beschäftigt sich mit Kollaborativen Informationsdiensten, Folksonomies als Methode der Wissensrepräsentation und als Werkzeug des Information Retrievals. In Web 2.0 users not only make heavy use of Col-laborative Information Services in order to create, publish and share digital information resources - what is more, they index and represent these re-sources via own keywords, so-called tags. The sum of this user-generated metadata of a Collaborative Information Service is also called Folksonomy. In contrast to professionally created and highly struc-tured metadata, e.g. subject headings, thesauri, clas-sification systems or ontologies, which are applied in libraries, corporate information architectures or commercial databases and which were developed according to defined standards, tags can be freely chosen by users and attached to any information resource. As one type of metadata Folksonomies provide access to information resources and serve users as retrieval tool in order to retrieve own re-sources as well as to find data of other users. The book delivers insights into typical applications of Folksonomies, especially within Collaborative Information Services, and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of Folksonomies as tools of knowl-edge representation and information retrieval. More-over, it aims at providing conceptual considerations for solving problems of Folksonomies and presents how established methods of knowledge representa-tion and models of information retrieval can successfully be transferred to them.
Networked Rainie, Lee; Wellman, Barry
MIT Press,
2012, 20120427, 2012-04-00, 2014-02-14, 2019-06-20, 20120101
eBook, Book
Daily life is connected life, its rhythms driven by endless email pings and responses, the chimes and beeps of continually arriving text messages, tweets and retweets, Facebook updates, pictures and ...videos to post and discuss. Our perpetual connectedness gives us endless opportunities to be part of the give-and-take of networking. Some worry that this new environment makes us isolated and lonely. But in Networked , Lee Rainie and Barry Wellman show how the large, loosely knit social circles of networked individuals expand opportunities for learning, problem solving, decision making, and personal interaction. The new social operating system of "networked individualism" liberates us from the restrictions of tightly knit groups; it also requires us to develop networking skills and strategies, work on maintaining ties, and balance multiple overlapping networks. Rainie and Wellman outline the "triple revolution" that has brought on this transformation: the rise of social networking, the capacity of the Internet to empower individuals, and the always-on connectivity of mobile devices. Drawing on extensive evidence, they examine how the move to networked individualism has expanded personal relationships beyond households and neighborhoods; transformed work into less hierarchical, more team-driven enterprises; encouraged individuals to create and share content; and changed the way people obtain information. Rainie and Wellman guide us through the challenges and opportunities of living in the evolving world of networked individuals.
Disability and New Media Ellis, Katie; Kent, Mike
2011, 20110511, 2010, 2014-05-14, 2011-05-11
eBook
Disability and New Media examines how digital design is triggering disability when it could be a solution. Video and animation now play a prominent role in the World Wide Web and new types of ...protocols have been developed to accommodate this increasing complexity. However, as this has happened, the potential for individual users to control how the content is displayed has been diminished. Accessibility choices are often portrayed as merely technical decisions but they are highly political and betray a disturbing trend of ableist assumption that serve to exclude people with disability. It has been argued that the Internet will not be fully accessible until disability is considered a cultural identity in the same way that class, gender and sexuality are. Kent and Ellis build on this notion using more recent Web 2.0 phenomena, social networking sites, virtual worlds and file sharing.
Many of the studies on disability and the web have focused on the early web, prior to the development of social networking applications such as Facebook, YouTube and Second Life. This book discusses an array of such applications that have grown within and alongside Web 2.0, and analyzes how they both prevent and embrace the inclusion of people with disability.
Introduction I. At the Crossroads 1. Universal Design in a Digital World 2. iAccessbility from iTunes 1.0 to iPad 3. Building Digital Stairways: Nice View, But What About My Wheelchair? II. How Did We Get Here? 4. We Want You in Our Network: Universal Design V Retrofitting the Web 5. (Physical) Disability Is a Form of Social Oppression? 6. Does That Face-'Book' Come in Braille? Social Networking Sites and Disability III. Where to Next? 7. Avatars with Wheelchairs, But No Virtual Guide Dogs: Disability and Second Life 8. Challenges and Opportunities: The Road Ahead for Disability in a Digital World Conclusion
Katie Ellis is a lecturer in Media and Communications at Murdoch University. A film-critic and cultural commentator, she is the author of Disabling Diversity (VDM 2008). She has mentored filmmakers with disability and published a number of articles on cinema and new media addressing both issues of representation and active possibilities for social inclusion.
Mike Kent is a lecturer in Internet Studies at Curtin University. His current research is focused on disability and the internet. His articles have appeared in Fast Capitalism, Nebula, Online Opinion, AQ – Australian Quarterly and M/C Journal (Media Culture). Dr Kent has taught media studies, cultural studies and e-commerce at universities in Australia and the UK.
Database-backed Web pages provide many advantages for libraries: users get accurate and up-to-date information in real time, and site maintenance and data publishing are much easier. As appealing an ...idea as database-backed pages are, the “how-tos” of creating them remain a mystery to many librarians.
The unrivaled growth in e‐commerce of animals and plants presents an unprecedented opportunity to monitor wildlife trade to inform conservation, biosecurity, and law enforcement. Using the internet ...to quantify the scale of the wildlife trade (volume and frequency) is a relatively recent and rapidly developing approach that lacks an accessible framework for locating relevant websites and collecting data. We produced an accessible guide for internet‐based wildlife trade surveillance. We detailed a repeatable method involving a systematic internet search, with search engines, to locate relevant websites and content. For data collection, we highlight web‐scraping technology as an efficient way to collect data in an automated fashion at regularly timed intervals. Our guide is applicable to the multitude of trade‐based contexts because researchers can tailor search keywords for specific taxa or derived products and locations of interest. We provide information for working with the diversity of websites used in wildlife trade. For example, to locate relevant content on social media (e.g., posts or groups), each social media platform should be examined individually via the site's internal search engine. A key advantage of using the internet to study wildlife trade is the relative ease of access to an increasing amount of trade‐related data. However, not all wildlife trade occurs online and it may occur on unobservable sections of the internet.
Resumen
Una Guía para Usar el Internet para Monitorear y Cuantificar el Mercado de Fauna
El crecimiento incomparable del comercio en línea de animales y plantas representa una oportunidad sin precedentes para monitorear el mercado de fauna y así orientar a la conservación, la bioseguridad y la aplicación de la ley. El uso del internet para cuantificar la escala del mercado de fauna (volumen y frecuencia) es una estrategia relativamente reciente y de rápido desarrollo que carece de un marco de trabajo accesible para la localización de sitios web relevantes y para la recolección de datos. Realizamos una guía accesible para la vigilancia del mercado de fauna en internet. Detallamos un método repetible que involucra una búsqueda sistemática por internet, por medio de buscadores, para localizar sitios web y contenidos relevantes. Para la recolección de datos, resaltamos la tecnología de web scraping como una manera eficiente de obtener datos de manera automatizada a intervalos regulares de tiempo. Nuestra guía puede aplicarse a la multitud de contextos basados en el mercado porque los investigadores pueden adaptar las palabras de búsqueda a taxones específicos o productos derivados y a localidades de interés. Proporcionamos información para poder trabajar con la diversidad de sitios web que se usan para el mercado de fauna. Por ejemplo, para localizar contenido relevante en las redes sociales (p. ej.: publicaciones o grupos), cada plataforma social debería ser examinada individualmente por medio del buscador interno del sitio. Una ventaja importante de usar el internet para estudiar el mercado de fauna es el acceso relativamente sencillo a una creciente cantidad de datos relacionados con el mercado. Sin embargo, no todo el mercado de fauna ocurre en línea y puede que suceda en secciones inobservables del internet.
Article Impact Statement: The internet is a vast source of wildlife trade data; our generalizable framework allows researchers to explore new contexts of the trade.
Recent academic and industry reports confirm that web robots dominate the traffic seen by web servers across the Internet. Because web robots crawl in an unregulated fashion, they may threaten the ...privacy, function, performance, and security of web servers. There is therefore a growing need to be able to identify robot visitors automatically, in offline and in real time, to assess their impact and to potentially protect web servers from abusive bots. Yet contemporary detection approaches, which rely on syntactic log analysis, finding statistical variations between robot and human traffic, analytical learning techniques, or complex software modifications may not be realistic to implement or remain effective as the behavior of robots evolve over time. Instead, this paper presents a novel detection approach that relies on the differences in the resource request patterns of web robots and humans. It rationalizes why differences in resource request patterns are expected to remain intrinsic to robots and humans despite the continuous evolution of their traffic. The performance of the approach, adoptable for both offline and real time settings with a simple implementation, is demonstrated by playing back streams of actual web traffic with varying session lengths and proportions of robot requests.
A fully updated guide to making your landing pages profitableEffective Internet marketing requires that you test and optimize your landing pages to maximize exposure and conversion rate. This second ...edition of a bestselling guide to landing page optimization includes case studies with before-and-after results as well as new information on web site usability. It covers how to prepare all types of content for testing, how to interpret results, recognize the seven common design mistakes, and much more. Included is a gift card for Google AdWords.Features fully updated information and case studies on landing page optimization Shows how to use Google's Website Optimizer tool, what to test and how to prepare your site for testing, the pros and cons of different test strategies, how to interpret results, and common site design mistakesProvides a step-by-step implementation plan and advice on getting support and resourcesIncludes a Google AdWords gift cardLanding Page Optimization, Second Editionis a comprehensive guide to increasing conversions and improving profits.
Your full-color guide to creating dynamic websites with WordPress Are you familiar with the fundamentals of WordPress, but want to take your skills to the next level? From bestselling author and ...WordPress expert Lisa Sabin-Wilson, this new edition of WordPress Web Design For Dummies quickly gets you up to speed on the latest release of the software and shows you how to use it as a tool to create a customized, compelling, and cost-effective website—without losing your cool. WordPress can be used to create a custom design for your website using complimentary technologies such as graphic design, CSS, HTML coding, PHP programming, and MySQL administration. With the help of this hands-on, friendly guide, you'll discover how to create an effective navigation system, choose the right color palette and fonts, and select different layouts. Plus, you'll find out how to tweak existing website designs with available themes, both free and premium, and gain the confidence to translate your design skills into paid work. * Create dynamic, custom websites with the self-hosted version of WordPress * Use free themes and enhance them with CSS and HTML * Create a responsive design for mobile devices and tablet users * Get to grips with the newest release of WordPress Whether you want to use WordPress to spruce up your existing website or create a brand-new one from scratch, this do-it-yourself guide has you covered.
Invisible Search and Online Search Engines considers the use of search engines in contemporary everyday life and the challenges this poses for media and information literacy. Looking for mediated ...information is mostly done online and arbitrated by the various tools and devices that people carry with them on a daily basis. Because of this, search engines have a significant impact on the structure of our lives, and personal and public memories. Haider and Sundin consider what this means for society, whilst also uniting research on information retrieval with research on how people actually look for and encounter information. Search engines are now one of society’s key infrastructures for knowing and becoming informed. While their use is dispersed across myriads of social practices, where they have acquired close to naturalised positions, they are commercially and technically centralised. Arguing that search, searching, and search engines have become so widely used that we have stopped noticing them, Haider and Sundin consider what it means to be so reliant on this all-encompassing and increasingly invisible information infrastructure. Invisible Search and Online Search Engines is the first book to approach search and search engines from a perspective that combines insights from the technical expertise of information science research with a social science and humanities approach. As such, the book should be essential reading for academics, researchers, and students working on and studying information science, library and information science (LIS), media studies, journalism, digital cultures, and educational sciences.
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