On the example of our project on the creation of the historical web atlas on Czech history, we introduce the process of adapting originally printed historical maps for their presentation in the web ...environment, which overcomes the shortcomings of standard approaches in similar projects based on printed predecessors published only as zoomable scanned analogues or default GIS maps. To simplify the originally complex map and to increase the information potential of the maps, we propose seven different types of additional map functionality according to the specific characteristics of the original map content. In addition, we present a set of rules, principles, recommendations, and methods for the cartographic design and processing of originally printed historical maps that should be considered when they are prepared for presentation on the web, including the description of the specific visualisation processes for the proposed types of map functionality. The proposed complex methodology can be applied to similar projects focused on the conversion of originally printed maps to the web and may contribute to improving the quality of the visualisation and presentation of historical maps on the web in general.
In the construction industry, the reverse logistics supply chain (RLSC) is one of the measures used to effectively manage demolition waste. However, there are still many problems associated with its ...operation, including inaccurate calculation of demolition waste supplies and insufficient interaction between supply and demand information, and waste suppliers usually choose transportation alternatives associated with high carbon emissions to obtain economic benefits. These issues have hindered the sustainable development of the RLSC. This paper proposes a waste recycling facility selection system (WRFSS) that integrates building information modeling (BIM), web map service (WMS), and an application programming interface (API) plug-in. Compared to the actual transportation scenario, the transportation distance of the WRFSS was reduced by 30.6 km and the amount of carbon dioxide emissions were reduced by 0.0259 tons. This selection system realizes an optimal selection mechanism for waste recycling facilities and develops the shortest transportation plan, thereby reducing carbon emissions during transportation and achieving sustainable development.
Hazardous convective weather events (HCWE), such as heavy rainfall, large hail, squalls and tornadoes, are one of the substantial sources of natural emergencies in Russia. The territory of the ...Central Federal District (CFD) is characterized by the highest population density in Russia. On the one hand, this leads to increased risks associated with HCWE, but on the other hand, it provides the possibilities for collecting the most detailed information on them (including the events missed by the observation network and reported based on damage assessment). In this study, we consider the structure and information content of the GIS database of HCWE for the territory of the CFD. The main advantage of the developed database comparing with existing analogues is its structure, which includes information on both the events themselves and their consequences, and the conditions of their occurrence. This includes, in particular, the characteristics of meso-scale convective systems (convective storms) based on the images from meteorological satellites and diagnostic variables characterizing the atmospheric environments according to the data from ERA-5 and CFS reanalysis systems. Also, the developed database is associated with previously published databases on tornadoes in Northern Eurasia and large-scale windthrow events in European Russia. At present, we compiled the data on more than 2,000 cases of HCWE in the CFD for the period 2001–2020, most of which were reported based on damage assessment. The open-source PostgreSQL DBMS is used to manage and edit the database. Open access to the database on the Internet is implemented through an online web map service available at http://convective-storms.psu.ru/.
We describe ncWMS, an implementation of the Open Geospatial Consortium's Web Map Service (WMS) specification for multidimensional gridded environmental data. ncWMS can read data in a large number of ...common scientific data formats – notably the NetCDF format with the Climate and Forecast conventions – then efficiently generate map imagery in thousands of different coordinate reference systems. It is designed to require minimal configuration from the system administrator and, when used in conjunction with a suitable client tool, provides end users with an interactive means for visualizing data without the need to download large files or interpret complex metadata. It is also used as a “bridging” tool providing interoperability between the environmental science community and users of geographic information systems. ncWMS implements a number of extensions to the WMS standard in order to fulfil some common scientific requirements, including the ability to generate plots representing timeseries and vertical sections. We discuss these extensions and their impact upon present and future interoperability. We discuss the conceptual mapping between the WMS data model and the data models used by gridded data formats, highlighting areas in which the mapping is incomplete or ambiguous. We discuss the architecture of the system and particular technical innovations of note, including the algorithms used for fast data reading and image generation. ncWMS has been widely adopted within the environmental data community and we discuss some of the ways in which the software is integrated within data infrastructures and portals.
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Este artículo reflexiona sobre experiencias en entornos colaborativos de construcción y socialización de conocimiento desde el campo disciplinar del urbanismo que se desarrolla en un espacio de la ...universidad pública —el Observatorio de Fenómenos Urbanos y Territoriales—, a partir de la articulación de funciones de docencia, investigación y extensión. Se expone el uso de los mapas colaborativos como una metodología en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que promueve el reconocimiento y análisis del territorio metropolitano de la provincia de Tucumán, con indicadores y cartografía de temas vinculados a las políticas públicas y la nueva agenda urbana. Como resultado, se aportan experiencias pedagógicas desde las dimensiones emergentes de la planificación y el urbanismo: el género, el paisaje, la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo; así como innovaciones y herramientas replicadas en el contexto de pandemia, aislamiento social y virtualización de la enseñanza.
The consistency of geospatial data is of great significance for the application and updating of geographic information in web maps. Due to the multiple data sources and different temporal versions, ...the tile web maps usually meet the inconsistency question across different layers. This study tries to develop a method to detect this kind of inconsistency utilizing a raster-based scaling approach. Compared with vector-based handling, this method can be directly available for multi-level tile images in a pixel representation form. The proposed cross-layer raster tile map rendering method (CRTMRM) consists of four primary aspects: geographic object separation, consistency rendering rules, data scaling and derivation with super-pixel segmentation, and inconsistency detection. The scale transformation strategy with the super-pixel attempts to obtain a simplified representation. Taking the scale lifespan variation and geometric consistency rules into account, the inconsistency detection of tile maps is conducted between temporal versions, multi-sources, and different scales through actual and derived data overlay analysis. The experiment focuses on features of cross-layer water or vegetation areas with Level 9 to Level 14 in Baidu Maps, Amap, and Google Maps. This method is able to serve as a basis for massive unstructured web map data inconsistency detection and support intelligent web map rendering.
Previous VideoGIS integration methods mostly used geographic homography mapping. However, the related processing techniques were mainly for independent cameras and the software architecture was C/S, ...resulting in large deviations in geographic video mapping for small scenes, a lack of multi-camera video fusion, and difficulty in accessing real-time information with WebGIS. Therefore, we propose real-time web map construction based on the object height and camera posture (RTWM-HP for short). We first consider the constraint of having a similar height for each object by constructing an auxiliary plane and establishing a high-precision homography matrix (HP-HM) between the plane and the map; thus, the accuracy of geographic video mapping can be improved. Then, we map the objects in the multi-camera video with overlapping areas to geographic space and perform the object selection with the multi-camera (OS-CDD) algorithm, which includes the confidence of the object, the distance, and the angle between the objects and the center of the cameras. Further, we use the WebSocket technology to design a hybrid C/S and B/S software framework that is suitable for WebGIS integration. Experiments were carried out based on multi-camera videos and high-precision geospatial data in an office and a parking lot. The case study’s results show the following: (1) The HP-HM method can achieve the high-precision geographic mapping of objects (such as human heads and cars) with multiple cameras; (2) the OS-CDD algorithm can optimize and adjust the positions of the objects in the overlapping area and achieve a better map visualization effect; (3) RTWM-HP can publish real-time maps of objects with multiple cameras, which can be browsed in real time through point layers and hot-spot layers through WebGIS. The methods can be applied to some fields, such as person or car supervision and the flow analysis of customers or traffic passengers.
Adaptive Composite Map Projections Jenny, B.
IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics,
12/2012, Volume:
18, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
All major web mapping services use the web Mercator projection. This is a poor choice for maps of the entire globe or areas of the size of continents or larger countries because the Mercator ...projection shows medium and higher latitudes with extreme areal distortion and provides an erroneous impression of distances and relative areas. The web Mercator projection is also not able to show the entire globe, as polar latitudes cannot be mapped. When selecting an alternative projection for information visualization, rivaling factors have to be taken into account, such as map scale, the geographic area shown, the map's height-to-width ratio, and the type of cartographic visualization. It is impossible for a single map projection to meet the requirements for all these factors. The proposed composite map projection combines several projections that are recommended in cartographic literature and seamlessly morphs map space as the user changes map scale or the geographic region displayed. The composite projection adapts the map's geometry to scale, to the map's height-to-width ratio, and to the central latitude of the displayed area by replacing projections and adjusting their parameters. The composite projection shows the entire globe including poles; it portrays continents or larger countries with less distortion (optionally without areal distortion); and it can morph to the web Mercator projection for maps showing small regions.
Adaguc-server is an open source geographical information system to visualize, combine, compare and share real-time meteorological, climatological and remote sensing data via OGC standards. During ...implementation of the server, we ran into the limits of what is possible with OGC standards. To overcome the found limits, extensions to the OGC standards were developed to achieve the required functionality and interoperability. The presented solution is used as a building block in a web based meteorological working station. Keywords: GIS, OGC, Web Map Services, Meteorology, Visualization, Web Services
The quality-of-service for web mapping depends on accurate service-time predictions when balancing cloud computing resources to ensure improved allocation, but the service-time on a web map service ...platform is nonstationary, periodic, and random, thereby making the classic prediction methods ineffective. To address this problem, we analyze the positive correlation between the service-time and access loads based on queuing theory, and build a multigranular service-time series according to variations in the volume of information contained at different time granularities. Furthermore, we propose a new wavelet decomposition (WD) based support vector regression (SVR) and moving average (MA) (WD-SVR-MA) model based on service-time decomposition theory. In order to predict the service-time accurately using our method, subsequences with nonstationary long-term trends and subsequences with stationary random fluctuations are extracted from the service-time series by WD, and predicted using the combined SVR and MA model. We compared the performance of the proposed method with other six models in experiments. Thick granularity and thin granularity service-time series were extracted from the log files of the "Tianditu" web map service platform. The proposed multigranular WD-SVR-MA model provides a variety of multigranular prediction results, demonstrating the superior performance and robustness, which are suitable for different scenarios.
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